超声显微切割工具驱动与控制系统的研究

针对一种新型压电陶瓷超声微切割工具，采用单片机与FPGA相结合的方法，主要利用直接数字频率合成和直流放大原理，设计了压电陶瓷微驱动与控制电路，实现了对压电陶瓷振动频率及振动幅值的控制与调节。从而完成了对切割工具振动加速度的调节。     

生物显微切割微操作仪的设计与研制

设计了一种能够自动、快速、精确地分离和提取指定细胞群或单个细胞的微操作机器人系统,研制了基于功率超声振动原理的微切割工具(其切割频率在15~50 kHz,振动幅值在0~1 μm可调)和真空吸附式微拾取工具(压力可在0~0.5 MPa精确控制),应用人体肝脏组织5 μm厚病理石蜡切片进行了显微切割的实验。实验结果证明了超声振动式切割工具对组织无伤害,真空吸附工具收集样品有效且整体系统适应于生物工程中微切割操作的实验需求,具有较高的可靠性、稳定性和准确性。     

微超声振动机器人系统的设计与分析

设计一套微超声振动机器人系统用于细胞切割.超声振动单元安装在并联机器人的动平台上,压电陶瓷驱动器控制操作针做高频振动,直到刺破细胞的壁膜,减少穿刺过程中细胞的变形,从而减小对细胞的损伤.该系统用于牛卵细胞微切割试验,取得很好的效果.     

压电陶瓷驱动的铰链放大式微动工作台研究

研制了一种新的压电陶瓷驱动的铰链放大式微动工作台。介绍了该微动工作台的基本原理,利用原子力显微镜技术测定了压电陶瓷与铰链放大臂的微位移和微振动,确定了铰链机构的放大比及微动工作台的时间响应频率。结果表明,该微动工作台能以0.5μm～5μm的步长实现平稳的微位移,最大速度达到250μm/s。     

低温环境下MEMS微构件的动态特性及测试系统

研究了微机电系统(MEMS)微构件的谐振频率等动态特性在低温环境下的变化规律,从理论上分析了改变环境温度对微悬臂梁谐振频率的影响,并对低温环境下微构件的动态特性测试技术进行了研究。研制了低温环境下MEMS动态特性测试系统,采用半导体冷阱实现低温环境,利用压电陶瓷作为底座激励装置的驱动源,通过底座的冲击激励,使微悬臂梁处于自由衰减振动状态,使用激光多普勒测振仪对微悬臂梁的振动响应进行检测,从而获得微悬臂梁的谐振频率。利用研制的测试系统,在-50℃～室温的环境下对单晶硅微悬臂的谐振频率进行了测试,结果表明,随着温度的降低,微悬臂梁的谐振频率略有增大,其谐振频率的温度变化率约为-0.263 Hz/K,与理论分析的结果基本一致。该测试装置能够有效地完成在-50℃～室温环境下微构件的动态特性测试。     

超声换能器过固有谐振区匹配理论

超声压电换能器是一个能量转换系统,在超声波振动加工中将超声波电源输出的电能转换为机械振动,由于超声压电换能器是一个容性负载,为保证超声电源输出的电能有效地转换为超声压电换能器的机械振动,需要在超声电源和超声压电换能器之间加一个适当大小的电感进行匹配,但超声压电换能器又是一个强非线性时变系统,在不同的工作频率下其阻抗特性以及机械振动特性差别显著,因此如何将超声压电换能器匹配在一个恰当的工作频率,是提高振动加工质量的关键.通过正确选取超声压电换能器的等效电路模型,并对由此推导出的阻抗圆进行深入分析、研究,可以得出:如将换能器工作频率匹配在大于其内部固有谐振频率的某一频段,可以使换能器振幅最大,振动波形质量也最好,是换能器的最佳工作频段,从而提出超声压电换能器"过固有谐振区"匹配理论.试验结果证明该理论正确.     

细胞注射中数字化进退针装置的实验研究

针对微注射针刺膜速度慢和定位精度差等问题,研制了显微注射用数字化进退针装置。在可控脉冲序列驱动下,利用压电陶瓷低频振动产生的冲击惯性力驱动该装置来进行数字化进退操作。测试了数字化进退针装置样机的运动性能,在小鼠卵母细胞显微注射实验中对其进行了验证。结果表明:数字化进退针装置具有纳米量级进给精度,过程参数可控,可自动完成包括快速穿刺细胞膜、精确刺入细胞内指定注射位置和退针的整套显微操作。     

超声振动切割细胞系统的设计

根据细胞微切割实验对超声振动切割系统的要求,对夹心式超声换能器和超声变幅杆组成的振动系统进行了设计,超声换能器采用夹心式压电换能器,变幅杆是一种将等截面圆柱形阶梯变幅杆的一端替换成圆锥形变幅杆构成的新型复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆,设计了超声换能器和变幅杆的基本结构,并给出其制造尺寸.     

压电振子及流体对泵近场噪声的影响

研究了压电振子的弯曲振动形变及振动辐射噪声.首先建立压电泵压电振子振动方程,导出弯曲振动形变函数;提出用微平面活塞振动理论简化压电振子振动模型,推导了近场声压理论计算方程及泵内流体对泵噪声贡献量方程;最后把理论计算结果与试验结果进行比较分析,分别得出在不同频率下压电振子及泵内流体对泵噪声贡献的大小.在输入频率为50 Hz时,泵噪声的理论值为45 dB,实际值为37 dB,泵内流体对泵噪声的影响较大,实际值与理论值的相对误差为21.6%;在输入频率为120 Hz时,泵噪声的理论值为61 dB,实际值为62 dB,泵内流体对泵噪声的影响较小,实际值与理论值的相对误差为1.6%,证明了本研究所提出理论的正确性.     

超声调制电加工振动系统研制及试验

根据超声调制电加工振动系统对换能器的要求,设计PZT陶瓷片组合的压电换能器,利用ANSYS分析换能器、变幅杆及工具电极的频率、振幅等参数变化规律;进行变幅杆与工具电极设计,利用数控车削、微细放电及微细线切割制作变幅杆与工具电极;通过超声振动系统的振动特性测试,验证超声振动系统的稳定性及工具电极设计的合理性;进行多种微结构超声调制电加工试验,验证超声电加工系统的可靠性及在微结构加工中精度好、效率高的技术优势。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.