抗PVYN烟草突变株SN01的筛选及其生理生化特性

为筛选出烟草抗PVYN种质资源,利用病毒汁液摩擦接种法,从烤烟品种NC89烟株中筛选出一株自然突变的抗PVYN变异株,留取其种子编号为SN01.接种PVYN后,对抗病植株SN01与常规NC89烟株的总酚、类黄酮、丙二醛含量以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行了比较.结果表明:在接种后第12 d烟草抗PVYN突变株SN01的总酚和类黄酮含量最高,高于常规NC89,丙二醛含量基本无变化,PPO活性在接种后第15 d有小幅度升高,但明显低于接种后常规NC89的PPO活性,说明在接种PVYN后抗病突变株与常规NC89烟株的生理指标有明显差异,抗病突变株对病毒的侵染有较强的抵抗和调节能力.     

烤烟品种K326抗PVY~N突变株SN02的筛选及其抗病生理生化特性

利用病毒汁液摩擦接种法,从烤烟品种K326中筛选出自然突变的高抗PVYN的变异株SN02,并测定了接种PVYN后,抗病植株SN02与普通K326烟株的抗病性以及防御酶系和叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量。结果表明,接种PVYN后,SN02均不发病,但普通K326的发病率达100%,病情指数达84.13。SN02与普通K326的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性变化趋势一致,接种PVYN后第4 d均达到峰值,但SN02的PAL活性是普通K326品种的1.35倍;过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化趋势也相似,但SN02的POD,PPO和CAT酶活性高于普通K326品种,3种酶活性出现峰值的时间不同,分别在接种PVYN后第8 d,第12 d和第16 d。在测定时间范围内,SN02的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量高于普通K326品种。     

烟草抗PVY的EMS突变体pvyr1筛选与抗性遗传初步分析

为了从烟草EMS突变体库中筛选抗马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)突变体,采用苗期人工接种初筛M2抗病单株,对M3、M4和M5株系连续接种鉴定PVY抗性。采用e IF4E1基因特异分子标记检测和c DNA全长测序,分析突变体PVY抗性是否与e IF4E1突变有关。配制F1群体初步分析抗性遗传特性。苗期人工接种从1800份M2种子中筛选到1份抗PVY的烤烟突变体。冬季无加温措施塑料大棚内苗期人工接种PVY坏死株系MN分离物,接种后35 d未诱变对照品种发病率为100%,E9119-1Z/M3株系的发病率为56.3%,无症状单株ELISA检测PVY均为阴性,表明E9119-1Z/M3株系对PVY中抗。E9119-1Z的M4株系和M5株系在光照培养室内苗期人工接种对PVY坏死株系MN分离物和ZT-5分离物表现为中抗。E9119-1Z-R14-2/M5株系为抗性稳定的突变体,命名为pvyr1。pvyr1采用e IF4E1基因特异分子标记检测为阳性,c DNA测序表明e IF4E1基因无突变。pvyr1与未诱变对照品种(感PVY)、va位点抗PVY品种NC55的杂交F1代抗性鉴定结果初步表明,pvyr1突变体对PVY的抗性符合孟德尔隐性遗传,且与NC55的va位点不等位。表明pvyr1为一个与e IF4E1基因突变不同的抗PVY新资源。     

2003年度国家烟草专卖局科学技术进步奖获奖项目简介(II)

1　东北地区烟草马铃薯Y病毒病发生规律及防治技术研究该项目鉴定了我国烟草上的PVY共有 4个株系 :PVYO(普通株系 )、PVYN(脉坏死株系 )、PVYNS(茎坏死株系 )和PVYC(点刻条斑株系 ) ,以PVYN 为优势株系。利用CORESTA PVY合作小组提供的国际鉴别寄主 ,室内外测定比较了我国的PVYN 与国际上已报道的PVY各株系的差异 ,认为我国PVYN 与欧洲 3号株系极相似 ,而与美国的两个株系MsNr和VAM B及欧洲的其它株系差异较大 ;开展了PVYN 分子生物学研究 ,克隆获得了PVYN 的复制酶基因 (PVYN NIb)和PVYN 的外壳蛋白基因 (PV…     

贵州烟草上一株PVY坏死株系全序列测定与分析

2007年从贵州省贵定烟区采集一株呈典型马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(Potato virus Y vein necrosis strain,PVYN)的烟草病毒病样,经PVY鉴别寄主枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)单斑分离纯化后,于枯斑三生烟(Samsun NN)株上保存,得到PVY分离物Guiding-3。以GenBank中已有的PVY全序列为基础,设计了3对PVY特异引物。通过总RNA提取、RT-PCR及序列测定,发现所测得的PVY分离物Guiding-3全长基因组序列(NCBI登录号为HM590405)包括9 699个碱基,整条序列仅包含一个由9 186个碱基组成的开放读码框(ORF),编码一条包含3 061个氨基酸的多聚蛋白。利用MEGA软件对所测得的PVY全序列与GenBank中已有的PVY全序列进行系统进化分析,发现Guiding-3分离物的序列与PVYN、PVYNTN、PVYN:O、PVYO、PVYNNP株系的一致性分别为98%、97%、94%、92%、85%,在已有的PVY株系中,Guiding-3分离物与PVYN株系具有较高的进化亲缘关系。另外,还对PVY的分子变异进行了初步讨论。     

烟草PVYN辽宁分离物全序列测定与分析

利用引起烟草脉坏死病的马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系辽宁分离物（Potato virus Y-vein necrosis strain Liaoning isolate, PVYN-LN）,以GenBank中已有的PVY全序列为基础,设计特异引物。通过总RNA提取、RT-PCR、3’RACE和5’RACE扩增及序列测定,测得PVYN-LN全长基因组序列（NCBI登录号为JQ971975）包括9714个碱基(含PolyA尾),整条序列仅包含一个由9186个碱基组成的开放读码框（ORF）,编码一条包含3061个氨基酸的多聚蛋白。对所得序列进行BLAST,利用MEGA软件对所测得的PVYN-LN全序列与GenBank中已有的PVY全序列及氨基酸进行系统进化分析,发现PVYN-LN分离物与已报道的PVYN株系具有较高的进化亲缘关系,该分离物属于PVYN株系。序列重组分析软件RDP4分析,该序列无重组。     

烟草抗PVYN突变株SN01的SRAP—PCR反应体系的建立与优化

采用正交试验对烟草抗PVYN突变株SN01幼嫩叶片的SRAP-PCR反应体系中5个主要因素（dNTPs、Mg2＋、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物和DNA）进行了优化以建立合适的SRAP反应体系。结果表明,在20μL的反应体系中,各因素的最佳加入量分别是：dNTPs（2．5mmol／L）3．2μL、Mg2＋（25mmol／L）1．6μL、TaqDNA聚合酶（2．5u／μL）0．16μL、引物（10μmaol／L）0．6gL、DNA模板120ng。对该SRAP—PCR反应程序中的退火温度和循环次数筛选表明,最佳退火温度为57℃,循环次数为35次。该优化体系的建立,为进一步对烟草抗PVYN突变株SN01的抗病基因研究提供了可靠基础。     

烟草野生种eIF4E1-S同源基因的多样性与马铃薯Y病毒抗性分析

[背景和目的]在栽培烟草中,真核生物翻译起始因子(Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E1,eIF4E1-S)的缺失或突变能够抗马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virusy,PVY)侵染.为了解烟草野生种eIF4E1-S同源基因的多样性和PVY抗性状况,预测野生种含有抗PVY...     

黑龙江烟区烟草马铃薯Y病毒株系的分子鉴定

为明确黑龙江烟区烟草马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)株系种类及其分布状况,采用多重PCR技术及测序手段,对采集黑龙江省烟叶产区的107份疑似PVY样品进行了鉴定分析。结果表明:4个有代表性的PVY分离物HLJ-SH8、HLJ-SC2、HLJ-SC6和HLJ-MDJ4的基因组序列全长分别为9 698、9 702、9 702和9 698 bp,都包含一个由9 186 bp组成的开放读码框(ORF),编码一个由3 061个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白。系统进化树分析结果表明这4个PVY分离物分别为PVYNTN、PVYN、PVYNW和PVYNTN-NW株系,其中PVYNTN-NW株系是侵染黑龙江烟草的优势株系。      

一株突破va基因型烟草抗性的PVY病毒分离物的鉴定

  背景和目的  近来,能突破va基因型抗性的马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)毒株在烟草上不断出现。2016年,我们分离到一株抗性突破的毒株PVY-CJ,本文对该病毒分离物进行了验证和鉴定。  方法  采用病毒重新接种、多重RT-PCR、RT-PCR分段扩增病毒全长基因组、PVY病毒分子进化分析及病毒蛋白VPg蛋白序列比对等方法对PVY-CJ毒株进行了验证和鉴定。  结果  三种重新接种了PVY-CJ的va基因型烟草品种均发病。多重RT-PCR结果将PVY-CJ鉴定为PVYNTN株系。序列分析表明,PVY-CJ全长基因组包含一个全长9180 nt的开放读框,其编码一个3060 AA的多聚蛋白。分子进化分析进一步验证了其归类于PVYNTN株系。相比其他PVYNTN株系毒株,PVY-CJ的VPg蛋白105位氨基酸出现了一个由赖氨酸到谷氨酸的替换,而这一氨基酸替换导致了其对va基因来源抗性的突破。  结论  我们首次报道并鉴定了国内一株能突破va基因型烟草抗性的PVY毒株—PVY-CJ。这为进一步研制PVY抗病烟草品种提供了材料。      

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press