农林废弃物生物质燃烧特性的研究

采用TGA-92型热重—差热综合分析仪,对秸秆、桉树木废料、花生壳、稻草、大豆杆及棉杆进行燃烧特性分析。结果表明,生物质的燃烧主要集中于燃烧前期;不同试样表观活化能虽然不同,但属于同一个数量级;着火温度都比较低,主要集中在150~200℃之间;生物质的发热量低,在燃烧过程中放热很集中;相对燃尽时间较短,燃尽率较高;燃烧反应服从燃烧动力学的基本方程表征的规律。     

烟草的燃烧与热解特性

对烟杆的燃烧特性以及烟叶的热解特性进行了分析研究。结果表明，烟杆的燃烧过程分为４个阶段，即脱水、热解和挥发份燃烧、挥发物的燃烧与碳表面燃烧并存、固体碳的表面燃烧；烟叶的纯热解过程有３个阶段，即脱水、热解和碳化。     

加热非燃烧烟草薄片理化特性及热裂解性能研究

为了评估加热非燃烧烟草薄片在抽吸时的安全性以及建立加热非燃烧卷烟生产过程中添加香精香料的理论依据,文章从理化指标、热失重和热裂解等方面对国内外市场上主流的加热非燃烟草薄片样品进行了全面分析。结果表明:加热非燃烧烟草薄片热水抽出物含量为48.98%～66.59%,不同薄片含量差别较小;总糖含量为6.62%～28.93%,还原糖含量为4.79%～22.30%,总植物碱含量为0.14%～1.13%,总氮含量为0.31%～2.50%,灰分含量为4.21%～11.10%,不同薄片的相应指标差异较大。加热非燃烧薄片TG的温度范围主要为200～500℃,失重速率为2.23%/min～12.33%/min。不同加热非燃烧薄片的最终生物炭收率为4.89%～11.96%,其失重速率及最终生物炭收率不尽相同。加热非燃烧薄片热裂解产生的主要致香成分包括2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、D-柠檬烯、丙三醇和n-正十六酸等,热裂解产生的主要有害成分包括丁烷、醋酸和苯酚等,不同薄片的致香成分和有害成分有一定差异。     

竹柳燃烧特性试验研究

在试验的基础上,对竹柳的燃烧特性进行研究。竹柳的主要燃烧性能与稻草相近,且灰分含量低,综合燃烧性能与燃烧着火稳定性优于稻草。竹柳作为生物质燃料,其发热量约为烟煤的57%,除此之外,其它燃烧性能均比烟煤优越。     

烟草盲蝽生物学特性研究

通过室内外饲养观察及田间调查研究，初步摸清了烟草盲蝽在云南省的分布与危害情况以及形态特征、习性、生活史等生物学特性。     

烟草及烟草制品燃烧&热解检测分析技术研究进展

从燃烧热解过程检测、产物检测、热释放测量以及残留物表征四个方面,综述了烟草制品燃烧热解特性检测分析技术研究进展;从燃烧锥检测、燃烧热测量和燃烧锥灰分表征三个方向,归纳了已有卷烟燃烧热解特性主要研究手段;简要介绍了当前新型烟草制品研制过程中所建立的燃烧热解特性分析方法。展望了烟草行业未来燃烧热解检测分析技术重点研究方向。      

烟草不同基因型的光合特性研究

烟草的光合特性与基因型密切相关,在栽培烟草两个种间其表现以黄花烟草93-1的净光合速率较高,普通烟草的烤烟和晒红烟的净光合速率相对较低。普通烟草中烤烟品种间也有差异,目前生产上大面积推广种植的优良品种K326和云烟87的净光合速率较高,是优良的亲本材料。通过对不同基因型烟草光合特性相关分析表明,净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)呈显著正相关,净光合速率(Pn)与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈负相关。     

加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的特性分析

为了深入了解不同工艺制备的加热不燃烧(HNB)卷烟烟草材料的特点及其对卷烟制品特性的影响,从化学成分分析、热裂解分析及热重分析等方面对辊压法、稠浆法、造纸法、干法制备的4种烟草原味加热不燃烧卷烟的烟草材料进行了剖析。结果表明:①辊压法、稠浆法制备的烟草材料纤维含量较低,结构紧密;造纸法、干法制备的烟草材料纤维含量高,结构相对疏松。②不同工艺加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的水分含量差异不大,烟碱含量为6.68～13.56mg/g;甘油含量明显高于丙二醇,且远远高于传统卷烟。③烟草材料裂解香气释放量随裂解温度的升高呈现先升高后下降,在270℃达到峰值后又缓慢降低的趋势,裂解香气成分各有特点。④加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热失重均分为4个阶段,且以第2、第3阶段为主,烟草材料的热失重情况存在一定差异。     

烟草野火病菌生物学特性研究

研究了烟草野火病茵的部分生物学特性，涉及致病性、菌株的保存与复壮、生长曲线及O.D.600值与CFU／mL之间关系、病菌毒素的产生等诸方面。研究发现用甘油溶液保存病菌4年后仍具有较强的致病力，并且通过复壮可使致病力进一步增强：不同菌株的产毒能力存在明显的差异，以致病力强的菌株产毒能力为更强；改用对病菌更敏感的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为指针成功地测定了烟毒素的活性。     

生物质燃料(木皮丝)燃烧配比技术实践分析

木皮是木材加工常见的废弃物,经过破碎处理可得木皮丝,是一种可利用的生物质燃料,广西农垦糖业集团良圻制糖有限公司通过生产实践糖有限公司通过生产实践,掌握了木皮丝替代原煤和蔗渣的燃烧配比技术,节能效果明显。     

烟草木质素的Fe-CA仿酶降解

为降低烟草中木质素的含量,提高再造烟叶的质量,制备了Fe-CA仿酶,并通过正交试验优化了烟草(烟梗和碎烟叶片)处理工艺.结果表明:①最优处理条件为:反应温度45℃,处理时间40 min,仿酶用量40 mmol/kg,在此条件下处理的烟草中木质素含量由3.56％降至1.69％,去除率达52.5％;②通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,处理后的烟草表面变得粗糙不平,有许多孔洞和凹坑,还有纤维骨架露出,表明仿酶可以高效脱除木质素;③仿酶处理后的再造烟叶的香气、杂气和协调性得到了改善,木质杂气减少,刺激性降低,品质得到提升.     

烤烟、白肋烟和香料烟的燃烧行为和热解气相产物比较

为了解烤烟、白肋烟和香料烟的燃烧行为,利用微燃烧量热仪研究比较了3种烟草燃烧热释放规律,并采用热重红外联用模拟考察了3种烟草在卷烟阴燃状态下主要热解气相产物CO2,CO,H2O和羰基化合物的生成规律.燃烧热释放和热重红外联用的研究结果表明:烤烟、白肋烟和香料烟的燃烧温度区间主要在150～600℃之间;香料烟与白肋烟的燃...     

Effect of Freezing Rate and Microwave Thawing on Texture and Microstructural Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Food freezing is a preservation process that works by lowering temperature while simultaneously decreasing water activity. It is accepted that although freezing preserves foods, it generally has a negative effect on textural quality. This research investigated the texture response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) as a function of time to freeze (defined as the time for the center temperature to reach ?20 °C) and thawing process. Potatoes slices (6 mm) were blanched then frozen in an ethanol/carbon dioxide bath, a pilot scale high velocity air freezer (HVAF) and a still air freezer to achieve various times to freeze. Slices were stabilized at –20 °C and thawed by 2 methods; room temperature air and microwave. Afterwards, samples were allowed to come to room temperature prior to texture profile analysis (TPA). Results indicate a maximum texture loss of the potato was reached at a time to freeze of approximately 8 min (corresponding to the HVAF). The texture difference between room temperature and microwave thawing methods was not shown to be significant (P = 0.05). SEM images showed the cellular structure of the potato in a HVAF to be similar to that of the still air freezer, validating that the matrix was maximally damaged in both conditions. This work created a continuous quality loss model for the potato as a function of time to freeze and showed no textural benefit to high velocity over still air freezing.     

用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜定量检测烟草花粉自发荧光强度

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（ＬＳＣＭ）对３个类型共６个烟草材料的花粉自发荧光强度进行了定量检测，发现不同类型及品种之间花粉自发荧光强度存在明显差异。应用ＬＳＣＭ检测烟草花粉自发荧光强度可做为烟草品种鉴别的重要依据。     

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): An Evaluation of the Microstructural Changes in the Endosperm during the Malting Process by Using Scanning‐Electron and Confocal Laser Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) were used to investigate the micro‐structural changes in the endosperm during the malting process. SEM was a suitable tool to characterise the microstructural constitution of starch granules in proso millet and the changes occurring during malting. An early visible degradation (after 24 h) of starch granules located in the floury endosperm, which is close to the embryo, could be observed. Due to this degradation, using confocal scanning laser microscopy, a less dense packaging of this part of the endosperm was observed. Degradation of starch granules in the vitreous endosperm was obvious at a distinct later stage of malting (78 h) and a preferred attack of small granules (>2.5 μm) was detected. Changes in protein structure could not be detected by either SEM or CLSM.     

Fabrication and Characterization of MWCNT Filled Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites

Hybrid composites are fabricated by the combination of two or more fibers using a single matrix. It can be fabricated either with all of its constituents as natural fibers or with one or more constituents belonging to artificial fiber. The stacking sequence of the fibers in a hybrid composite can be altered resulting in a varying mechanical properties. In the present study the MWCNT filled banana-jute-flax fiber reinforced composites are investigated for its mechanical behavior by varying the stacking sequence of the fiber layers and weight % of Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT). A Modified resin was prepared by adding MWCNT in the epoxy resin using ultrasonic probe sonicator and a hybrid composite is fabricated with it by using compression moulding processes. The mechanical properties are evaluated as per the ASTM standards. The incorporating of MWCNT and the stacking sequence of fiber layers shows the greater impact on the mechanical properties. The composites of jute fibers at the extremities (JBFBFBFJ) exhibiting the enhancement of tensile, compressive and hardness properties than the flax fiber at the extremities (FBJBJBJF) and it could be used in various automobile applications. Microstructure of the samples are investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). The results indicate that increasing the weight % of MWCNT and varying the stacking sequence of fibers improves the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fiber composites.     

水窖水与大田烟草病毒病的关系

为查清水窖水体是否带有烟草病毒及水窖水带病毒与烟草病毒病的关系,研究了田边水窖水样和用其水在烤烟返苗期和现蕾期灌溉烟田后烟株发病情况及其病叶样品的病毒种类.结果表明水窖水带TMV;现蕾期烟株发病率为1.8%～16.8%,平均发病率为8.6%;病叶的TMV、CMV检出率分别为45.8%和27.8%,PVY和TEV检出率为27.8%.     

常压空气等离子体处理对涤纶润湿性能的影响

研究常压空气等离子体处理对涤纶润湿性能的影响规律.采用脉冲常压空气等离子体对涤纶织物进行表面改性处理,然后用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜对织物和纤维表面形貌进行观察,再用X光电子谱测试织物表面化学成分,并测试涤纶织物经等离子体处理前后的润湿时间.结果表明,脉冲常压空气等离子体处理能较好地提高涤纶织物的润湿性.     

烟草对烟蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]抗性机理的研究

研究结果表明，烟草生长前期（第一蚜高峰期），烟蚜数量与烟叶内烟碱含量呈负相关；与氨含量呈明显的正相关，相关系数（r＝0.7150）达到了显著水平；与氨基酸、糖等关系不明显。烟草生长后期（第二蚜高峰期），烟蚜数量与烟叶内的氨含量的相关性达到了极显著水平（r＝0．7568）；与烟碱含量呈显著负相关性（r＝－0.6217）；与烟叶内脯氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸等呈显著或极显著正相关（r＝0．7464，0.7343，0.6308）。