利用中水技术 实现污水回用

本文简要介绍了中水技术的来源和它在我国的应用、发展及不同中水系统的区别和组成,讨论了中水技术的工艺流程及其确定,对中水系统进行了简单的技术经济分析,阐述了利用中水系统的作用和意义,最后指出利用中水技术、实现污水回用是今后许多缺水大城市实现污水资源化的主要方向之一.     

利用电厂循环冷却水的暖通空调方案比选

通过北京地区的工程实例,对4种暖通空调方案的初投资、运行费用、能源利用效率、污染排放量进行了分析比较。认为在具备利用电厂循环冷却水条件的场所,采用水源热泵为建筑供暖可以减少初投资、运行费用以及对城市的污染影响。     

山西定襄段牧马河水质改善技术方案研究

牧马河流域的治理由来已久,各地技术专家给出很多解决方案,目前主要有3种方案,一种是ZHB-SS絮凝剂一体化技术,一种是生物槽处理技术,一种是稳定剂技术应用。这3种方案如何应用才能达到节约的目的。经过多次了解情况,现场做了污水处理试验对比以及取样后室内做对比试验,确定了最佳的治理改善方式。     

Potential for Sewage Sludge Co-Combustion in the UK Based on German Experience

Increasingly strict legislation, escalating costs and external pressures are causing the water industry to look for alternative strategies to agricultural recycling for the disposal of biosolids. Although the development of the 'safe sludge matrix'has encouraged agricultural recycling, negative press has hampered this outlet and public perception is seen as a major threat. Accordingly, many water companies are looking towards thermal-reduction technologies and have invested in thermal dryers and sludge incinerators; however, such technology has high capital costs and complex maintenance and operator requirements. An alternative method, i.e. co-combustion, is becoming more popular in mainland Europe. Unlike incineration/drying, the capital expenditure is low and operator/maintenance risks are minimised.
This paper (i) discusses a case study in which 40 000 dry tonnes of sludge per annum have been successfully combusted since 1996, and (ii) explores how this experience could be applied in a UK situation.     

水源热泵技术应用及实例系统分析

根据山东省滨州市滨南社区某工程的工程实践,阐述水源热泵系统使用灵活、可供热及最大限度地回收低位热能、节约能源等优点;介绍和讨论水源热泵操作、运行管理优越性和新进展;并建议在有条件的地方,应大力推广该技术。     

水源热泵空调系统的经济分析与应用

从水源热泵的节能环保性和经济性特点出发,结合国内外应用水源热泵空调系统的现状和发展趋势,以广西桂林某工程实际应用为研究对象,利用经济评价方法,对采用传统空调系统和水源热泵空调系统两种方案进行了分析与比较。研究表明：虽然水源热泵技术在初期投资中资金规模较大,但是长期的经济性效果显著。     

建筑中水回用及其工艺系统

指出建筑中水回用技术是解决当前城市水资源危机的重要途径,在简要介绍建筑中水概念的基础上,分析了建筑中水回用的优势以及工艺系统,并且认为中水系统必须强调其规模效益,从而提出相应的对策。     

水源热泵技术在矿井系统中的应用

回收矿井排水、排风低温余热的水源热泵系统是一种新型、节能技术,它通过回收矿井散失的大量废弃余热,可减少传统锅炉的煤耗或完全替代锅炉。通过本文的介绍与实例分析,指出了该技术在理论与实际工程应用中的可行性,它具有节能环保、高效、运行费用低等优点,值得大力推广。     

The Evolution of Water Resource Development in Northern Ireland

There is no shortage of a basic water resource in Northern Ireland because average rainfall across the province varies from 900 mm to 1100 mm per annum, east to west. However, as elsewhere, there is a constant need to ensure the provision of adequate water sourceworks.
In 1973, the Water Executive of the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland took over responsibility for the water and sewerage services which were previously controlled by 76 local and district authorities. In some cases, source schemes which had been inherited reflected the parochial nature of the promoters rather than the wider regional approach. Upland impoundments were traditionally favoured and still account for 40% of all sources. Freshwater loughs were also used and Lough Neagh (the largest freshwater lough in the UK) accounts for 27% of all public supplies, with other loughs contributing a further 9%. River intakes at 13% and groundwater and springs at 11% make up the remaining sources.
This paper outlines how water resource developments have evolved in Northern Ireland and describes the approach and recommendations of the study.     

PRACTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS ON THE WATER ENVIRONMENT

There is currently limited guidance available in the UK for predicting the significance of the impacts of developments on the water environment. This may be partly due to the disparate nature of the components of the water environment, which are covered by a range of scientific and engineering disciplines. This paper reviews the current status of Environmental Impact Assessment for the water environment in the UK and identifies key methodologies and guidance. Proposals are made for a more detailed approach to determining the significance of impacts on rivers, stillwaters (lakes and ponds), groundwater and floodplains, building on methodologies previously developed for highways schemes. Account is taken of the Environment Agency's ongoing work to classify water features to meet the requirements of the Water Framework Directive.     

山西省委大院中水处理及回用工程设计

详细介绍了省委大院中水处理及回用工程设计。针对工程实例，讨论了中水处理的规模、水质标准、处理工艺及回用等问题，通过讨论分析，推荐采用接触氧化工艺进行中水处理，并选择了实施容易、运行费用少、占地小的成套一体化污水处理设备。经实践证明采用的设计方案合理可行，并取得了节水的经验和社会效益。     

Grey-Water Reclamation for Non-Potable Re-Use

Direct water recycling has become an important part of water conservation in the dry areas of the world and is now being seriously considered for the UK. This paper reviews current demands in large buildings and balances these against non-potable re-use. Work is also described on the development of a sustainable low running cost treatment unit. Results are presented from a 751/day prototype biological process operated with a synthetic sewage, which achieved a near potable standard at a cost of 25 p/m³. The design, performance and costings of a 40 'population equivalent'demonstration unit are also given.     

分体式空调冷凝水回用节能潜力分析

随着大量既有建筑推行节能改造,通过空调冷凝水回用降低冷凝温度已成为分体式空调改造的一项主要措施。然而,该项技术应用的节能效益判断却缺乏必要的定量分析。通过计算分析和实测对比,对空调冷凝水的数量和水温进行了分析,并量化分析了冷凝水回用的节能潜力,有利于对该项技术应用的节能效果的量化判断。研究表明,充分利用空调冷凝水,可致冷凝温度下降约5.92%;制冷系数提高约9.87%。另外,通过冷凝水量、水温对空调节能效果的影响程度分析,表明冷凝水量对空调节能效果的影响较显著,而冷凝水温度的影响却微乎其微。     

包古图水源地扩大开采能力分析计算

本文利用包古图水源地多年地下水开采量资料、水位观测资料,采用相关分析法计算了水源地的扩大开采能力,并预测了其精度.结合开采井运行情况及水文地质条件,利用抽水试验资料,计算了每眼机井的扩大开采能力,为设计水源地机井更新方案提供了依据.     

Perspectives on multi-benefit water reuse systems: A confluence of water and wastewater management planning

The multiple benefits of water reuse have yet to be fully realized in our urban water management systems. One pathway to optimal implementation is to plan for their integration with wider assets in water resource or drainage and wastewater management plans. This paper explores the perspectives of water resource and wastewater management planners. Qualitative data was gathered from a workshop organized by the Chartered Institution for Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) with 25 participants from England's Water Service Providers (WSPs), regulators (Ofwat and the Environment Agency) and consultants working within the UK water sector. The participants acknowledged that water reuse is relevant to both water resource and drainage and wastewater management planning, but that current regulatory and funding frameworks are constraining effective engagement between water resource and drainage and wastewater management planners by encouraging the development of separate plans. A general consensus of the participants was that it would be beneficial to include water reuse technology within current and future Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs) and Drainage and Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs). Participants suggested this could be developed through collaborative working partnerships and support from regulatory and funding frameworks that allow for the growth and development of innovative technologies and nature-based solutions. Participants also highlighted a stronger economic case could be made for water reuse technologies if the approach seeks to capture the wider benefits and not only the ‘best value’ solution. Societal acceptance and the availability of good quality data will be key to the successful adoption of any incentivized water reuse schemes.     

重庆市结合水源热泵技术发展区域能源系统的研究

水源热泵空调系统是目前国家十分重视的一种建筑节能技术,已在全国各地推广使用.重庆市地处两江交汇处,可利用的淡水资源丰富,且大量建筑沿两江四岸分布,为应用水源热泵技术提供了很有利的自然条件.而区域能源系统是为了满足某一特定区域内建筑群落的集中供冷、供热需求,由专门的能源中心集中制造冷热水,通过区域管网进行供给的一个或多个...     

某医院热水供应系统的改造

天津市某医院利用地热水作为生活热水供应系统的热源,在运行中出现冬季水温偏低的问题。分析了导致水温偏低的因素,提出了改造的方案和建议。     

中水回用技术介绍及分析

针对水资源短缺的问题，介绍了中水回用技术在中国几个大城市的应用，讨论了中水回用的水质的基本要求，分析了中水回用系统分类的基本工艺。     

Managing Agricultural Pollution Using a Linked Geographical Information System and Non-Point Source Pollution Model

This study documents the development of a link between a geographical information system (GIS) and a non-point source pollution model. The GIS ARC/INFO was linked to the agricultural non-point source pollution model and ORACLE data sources. Application of the system is demonstrated using the Bedford-Ouse catchment as a suitable case study. Water quality impacts are predicted from source data describing topography, soils, land use and river network. The model results were in agreement with observed nitrate concentrations at the catchment outlet, and more appropriate data sources are considered to be the main priority for improving model predictive ability. Management scenarios were established to assess the impact of changing agricultural management practices on predicted water quality. The approach has significant potential for the management of agricultural pollution in the UK.