基于双启动引物特异性检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的PCR方法

以单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌iap基因为靶基因,利用一新型PCR引物设计方法--双启动引物（Dual-priming oligonucleotide,DPO）,建立了特异性检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的DPO-PCR方法,测试了DPO-PCR方法退火温度不敏感性、特异性及灵敏度,并在实践检测中进行了初步应用。结果显示:该方法检测单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的灵敏度为1.51×102CFU/mL;退火温度不敏感性测试中,与常规PCR引物相比,DPO引物在48⁶8℃退火温度范围内均能够高效率地扩增靶基因;特异性测试中,DPO-PCR方法能特异地检测出目标菌,与其他菌株无非特异性扩增反应,比常规PCR方法显示出更强的特异性。实践应用证明,利用DPO-PCR方法对130份样本进行检测,共计检出9份单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌阳性样本,经国标法（GB/T 4789.30-2008）复检,两者检测结果一致,显示出良好的实用性,为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的快速准确检测提供了新方法。      

1株罕见的可疑沙门氏菌鉴定结果的确认与分析

目的确认盲样考核样品中分离到的罕见可疑沙门氏菌。方法依据GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物检验沙门氏菌检验》将可疑沙门氏菌通过分离纯化、生化鉴定、16S测序、Ribo-printer基因指纹鉴定、MALDI Biotyper质谱鉴定以及血清型分型等方法对其进行确认。结果全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统对该分离菌的鉴定结果为大肠埃希菌,而16S测序结果为沙门氏菌属,基因指纹鉴定结果为沙门氏亚利桑那亚种,质谱鉴定结果为沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种,且血清型分型也表明该菌应为IIIb型,综合判断该检出菌应为沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种。结论采用基于不同原理的多种鉴定手段联用的鉴定方法更能确保实验结果的可靠有效。     

添加扩增内标的PCR方法快速检测食品中的沙门氏菌

为了建立一种含扩增内标的沙门氏菌PCR检测方法,以细菌16S r RNA为扩增内标对照,以沙门氏菌inv A基因为靶基因设计了一对引物,并优化了PCR反应体系。通过对20种细菌进行PCR检测显示,该方法对沙门氏菌具有良好的特异性。灵敏度实验表明,该检测方法对沙门氏菌纯DNA模板的检测灵敏度为61.1 fg/μL,对沙门氏菌纯培养物的检测灵敏度为2×102 cfu/m L。对人工污染蛋清的检测实验显示,沙门氏菌接种量为2 cfu/25 m L的鸡蛋清样品经过8 h增菌培养后,可被该方法检出。结果表明,该检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,能排除沙门氏菌PCR检测方法中可能出现的假阴性现象,适用于鸡蛋等食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测。     

TaqMan实时荧光PCR对沙门氏菌能力验证样品的快速检测与鉴定

本研究依据GB 4789.4-2016标准对沙门氏菌ACAS-PT526能力验证样品进行常规培养法检测,同时使用TaqMan实时荧光聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术对预增菌培养物进行快速检测和鉴定。本研究首先以沙门氏菌特异性基因hut基因为靶基因,设计合成特异性引物和探针,提取各类食源性菌种的核酸DNA进行实时荧光PCR反应,仅沙门氏菌属出现阳性扩增,非沙门氏菌属、阴性对照和空白对照均无扩增信号,验证设计合成的引物探针具有较高的特异性。其次将能力验证样品和加标样品经预增菌、增菌、分离、纯化、生化试验和血清学鉴定,同时将预增菌培养物经实时荧光PCR测定后,18-D319和加标样品有显著的S型扩增曲线,Ct值分别为24.34和26.21,为沙门氏菌阳性,18-M906无显著荧光信号,Ct值>40.00,为沙门氏菌阴性。经API20E试剂条鉴定,18-D319为猪霍乱沙门菌亚利桑那亚种,鉴定百分率为99.90%,T值为0.97,18-M906为大肠埃希氏菌,鉴定百分率为99.80%,T值为0.94。实时荧光PCR检测结果与常规培养法检测结果一致,且更为简单快速,从预增菌到结果判定仅需12 h,结果准确度高,一批次可检测多个样品,可用于大量样品中沙门氏菌的快速筛查和对能力验证样品的检测验证。     

一例沙门氏菌测量审核的回顾与分析

目的通过测量审核提升本实验室检测沙门氏菌能力与自身竞争力。方法以测量审核作业指导书、出入境检验检疫行业标准SN/T1869-2007食品中多种致病菌快速检测方法 PCR法和国家标准GB4789.4-2016食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验为依据,采用PCR方法和传统增菌、分离、生化反应、血清学法鉴定沙门氏菌。结果编号091样品检出沙门氏菌,编号123样品PCR检测出现假阳性,经生化鉴定证实检出非沙门氏菌。结论 PCR出现假阳性,需经生化鉴定予以确认。本次测量审核样本检测结果与制样单位反馈结果一致。     

沙门氏菌MALDI-TOF-MS检测方法的建立

建立利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测方法.从食品中分离出可疑沙门氏菌,利用不同培养基分离纯化,通过MAIDI-TDF-MS法进行鉴定,并与其他检测方法比较.MALDI-TOF-MS对野生沙门氏菌株的鉴定结果与传统鉴定结果一致,说明本试验建立的方法对于沙门氏菌的鉴...     

应用焦磷酸测序技术快速检测食品中沙门氏菌

设计出适合特异性扩增引物和测序引物,采取焦磷酸测序技术对沙门氏菌invA毒力靶基因特异性序列分析,同时对焦磷酸测序反应条件进行优化,建立1种利用焦磷酸测序技术检测和鉴定沙门氏菌的方法。结果显示,此方法以传统国标法的前增菌为前提,可省去后期生化验证的繁琐过程,将检测时间由常规检测的4～7d缩短至20h,并且其准确性与传统生化验证完全一致。所建立的针对沙门氏菌的焦磷酸测序检测方法具有高效性、精准及操作简便等特点,适用于食品中沙门氏菌的快速检测。     

产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26多重双启动寡核苷酸引物-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种三重DPO-PCR方法用于食品样品中的产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26的检测。以志贺毒素stx1和stx2、O抗原基因wzx O26特异性和实际检测效果,设计引物,构建三重DPO-PCR反应体系,进行特异性、灵敏度、模拟样品验证和实际样品验证。结果表明,三对DPO引物对退火温度不敏感,在49~69℃之间均能发生扩增,且引物之间干扰较小,具有较高的特异性,除目的基因外非目标细菌均无扩增条带出现,纯菌灵敏度检测表明,三重DPO-PCR方法对O26的最低检测限为3.8×10^3 cfu/g。在模拟样品和实际样品中具有良好的检测效果。本研究基于DPO引物构建的三重DPO-PCR方法具有效率高,特异性强,不受退火温度限制等优点,可用于食品样品中产志贺毒素大肠杆菌O26的快速准确检测提供一种高效的辅助检测方法。     

食品中沙门氏菌恒温隔绝式PCR检测方法的建立

为弥补传统培养方法耗时长和现场检测步骤繁琐等缺陷,该研究建立了一种针对食品中沙门氏菌的恒温隔绝式PCR快速检测方法。根据沙门氏菌的inv A基因设计特异性引物和探针,通过水浴法快速提取细菌DNA,优化引物、探针以及模板用量,建立了一种基于恒温隔绝式PCR快速检测沙门氏菌的方法,并对方法的特异性和灵敏度及稳定性进行评价,最后对比建立的方法与传统PCR方法、传统分离培养法对实际食品样品中沙门氏菌污染的检测效果。建立的恒温隔绝式PCR检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高且与其他细菌无交叉反应,最低检出限可达75 CFU/mL,可在6 h内完成检测实际食品样品中污染的沙门氏菌,传统PCR方法至少需12 h才能达到与之相同的检测效果,传统培养法验证了建立方法的准确性和可靠性。本研究建立的恒温隔绝式PCR方法更快速,且操作简便,适用于现场检测食品中污染的沙门氏菌。     

能力验证巧克力样品中肠道沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种的分离鉴定

目的验证国标法和实时荧光定量PCR法2种方法对能力验证中的沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种分离与鉴定的效果。方法按照作业指导书要求及GB 4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》中的方法分离菌株,以实时荧光定量PCR仪对分离菌株进行快速筛查,再将生化鉴定结果符合沙门氏菌特征的菌株进行血清学鉴定。结果样品CODE 0575在沙门氏菌显色平板上分离得到蓝绿色圆形菌落,在BS平板上分离得到灰绿色圆形菌落,经实时荧光定量PCR仪快速筛查,结果为阳性;再通过VITEK 2 compact鉴定为肠道沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种;该菌不产硫化氢,ONPG为阳性,确定血清型为60:r:e,n,x,z15。结论以国标法为基准,借助实时荧光定量PCR仪和VITEK 2全自动鉴定系统进行检测,可确保沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种不被漏检;应特别注意沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种在显色培养基上与常见沙门菌表型不一致;建议扩大对沙门氏菌双相亚利桑那亚种的监测范围。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.