农药混配剂防治烟蚜和烟草赤星病试验

为研究杀虫和杀菌混配剂的实际药效,选用"艾美乐"、"敌杀死"、"灭蚜宁"、"敌敌畏"、"敌百虫"、"灰核宁"、"大力"、"多抗霉素"、"菌核净"、"菌核铜"共10种杀虫剂和杀菌剂配成5种混配剂,以单剂农药为对照,对烟草蚜虫和烟草赤星病进行了室内和田间小区药效对比试验。结果表明,"艾美乐"3000倍+"灰核宁"500倍、"敌杀死"2000倍+"大力"500倍2种混配剂具有同时防治烟蚜和烟草赤星病的效果。     

农药混配剂防治烟蚜的田间药效试验

为筛选出药效较好的杀虫混配剂,同时降低高效农药的使用成本,选取了两种复配剂在不同地区进行了田间小区试验。结果表明:敌百虫+敌杀死的混剂有增效作用,与单剂相比,防效增加了10.23~21.42个百分点,用药量和成本分别减少0.135kg/667m2和1.02元/667m2。方差分析表明,混剂与单剂间防治效果的差异达极显著水平。     

吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑混剂对花生褐斑病的防治

[目的]明确吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑混合对花生褐斑病毒力增效作用。[方法]室内联合毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]筛选得到吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的增效型混剂。[结论]吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑以1:1混配对抑制菌丝生长增效最为明显,共毒系数为138.86。田间药效试验中,20%吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂对花生叶斑病的防治效果达到84.50%,显著优于2个单剂的防效。     

农药混剂对烟草蚜虫的联合毒力测定

在确定的测定条件下 ,采用孙云沛共毒系数法对 9种杀虫剂的 10个组合对烟蚜的联合毒力进行了测定。结果表明 ,共毒系数大于 10 0 ,有增效作用的组合有 :“功夫” +“敌敌畏”、“灭蚜宁” +“敌百虫”、“敌杀死” +“敌百虫”、“西维因” +“敌百虫”和“功夫” +“敌杀死” ,其共毒系数分别为 82 2 .4、795 .5、70 8.3、4 0 0 .9和 30 7.1;其余 5个组合共毒系数小于 10 0 ,表明有拮抗作用。有增效作用的组合可做进一步的室内及田间小区试验     

5种药剂对烟草斜纹夜蛾的防效试验

2002年进行了5种药剂对烟草斜纹夜蛾的防效试验。采用“枪手”、1.8%的“永安”牌杀虫剂1500倍液、80%的“敌敌畏”乳油1000倍液,施药后1～3d的防治效果均可达到90%以上。防治烟草斜纹夜蛾时以防治低龄幼虫效果为好。     

四种农药防治烟草蚜虫田间药效试验

四种农药防治烟草蚜虫田间药效试验陈惠明，杨铭（云南省烟草科学研究所）孔淑珍，李龙梅（云南玉溪市农业科学研究所）为搞好田间防治，有效控制烟蚜危害，进行了此试验。１材料与方法１．１供试药剂３０％灭蚜威杀虫剂（河北赞峰农药总厂）；９０％万灵可湿性粉剂（台湾...     

20%东旺百杀杀虫剂防治烟青虫试验初报

2000年7月用20%东旺百杀杀虫剂对烟青虫(Heliothis assulta Guenee)进行室内和田间的防治试验.结果表明,东旺百杀杀虫剂1000倍液、800倍液用药5d后至15d防效均达100%.药持效期在15d以上.该药剂具有较好的安全性,对烟叶不造成药害,对天敌杀伤力低,可作为一种新农药推广应用.     

大豆田应用激健减量增效田间试验及分析

为验证喷雾助剂激健在除草剂、叶面肥和杀虫剂减量增效上的效果,探索新的农药减量使用技术及为今后大面积推广提供可靠的科学依据,本实验选取3种高效除草剂、1种叶面肥和1种杀虫剂,进行田间喷雾试验.结果表明,在减少除草剂1/3用量添加激健的株防效为93.7％,鲜重防效为98.7％,比当地常规药剂处理区的株防效为93％,鲜重防效...     

农药混配防治烟草病毒病田间试验

为了较有效地防治烟草病毒病,于2003年进行了喷施农药混配剂(1 5%"植病灵"800倍 氨基酸液肥300倍,"病毒灵"1000倍 "保得"生物肥1000倍)及抗病毒药剂("毒消"800倍,1 5%"植病灵"800倍)田间防效试验。结果表明:1 5%"植病灵"800倍 氨基酸液肥300倍在玉溪市红塔区和华宁县试验点发病盛期防效分别为72 50%和64 18%,防治效果相对较好;其次是"毒消"800倍在红塔区和华宁县试验点防效分别为64 61%和57 21%。     

杀虫剂混配五种增效剂防治葡萄斑叶蝉初报

用3种化学药剂与5种增效剂混配,进行葡萄斑叶蝉的田间药效试验。结果表明,3种杀虫剂吡虫啉、阿克泰和吡蚜酮混配渗展宝(SZB)、菲蓝(FL)、一可佳(YKJ)、杰效利(JKL)、弹指间(TZJ)5种增效剂可延长持效期,减少药剂的施用量。吡虫啉与菲蓝混配制剂药后14 d效果较好,阿克泰与渗展宝、菲蓝、弹指间混配药后的14 d防效均为100%;吡蚜酮与菲蓝、渗展宝混配制剂药后7 d的防效100%。所有增效剂与杀虫剂混用后均比单独使用效果得以提升。     

防治南美斑潜蝇药效试验

为筛选防治南美斑潜蝇效果较好的药剂 ,在该虫始发期设置了 6种药剂的药效试验。结果表明 :施药后 9d各药剂防效由高至低依次为 :5 0 %“蝇蛆净”10 0 0倍液、98%“巴丹”10 0 0倍液、2 .5 %“功夫”2 0 0 0倍液、1.8%“阿巴丁”30 0 0倍液、1.8%“害极灭”2 0 0 0倍液和 4 0 %“绿菜宝”10 0 0倍液 ,6种药剂的相对防效分别为 80 .91%、78.79%、76.84 %、76.18%、74 .39%和 72 .2 7%。经方差分析 ,6种杀虫剂对南美斑潜蝇的防治效果达极显著水平 ,经LSR法检验 ,药剂间差异不显著     

病毒抑制剂对烟草普通花叶病防治效果试验

为了筛选防效较好的病毒抑制剂,于2002年在中国烟草东北农业试验站进行了5种病毒抑制剂防治烟草普通花叶病田间试验,采用YC/T40-1996烟草病害药效试验方法计算病情指数和防治效果。试验结果表明:3.95%"病毒必克"500倍液、22%"金叶宝"400倍液、24%"毒消"1000倍液、"净土灵"600倍液和"消毒立逃"800倍液防效分别为62.47%、57.83%、57.60%、46.42%和39.40%。     

南美斑潜蝇的发生与防治

20世纪90年代中期以来,南美斑潜蝇已成为西南烟区为害烟草的新害虫,主要为害烟苗和烟草大田生长前期的脚叶。在云南省昭通市烤烟生长期,南美斑潜蝇可完成5～6代,完成1代需要18～34d。该蝇系多食性害虫,对寄主作物有明显的选择性,对烟草有较强的适应性。烟草苗期为防治重点时期,2.5%"功夫"乳油2000倍液喷施,施药后3d和9d,防治效果分别为53%和77%;50%"蝇蛆净"水溶性粉剂1000倍液喷施,施药后3d和9d,防治效果分别为59%和81%。     

Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Aggregation and Viscoelastic Properties of Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) Myosin

ABSTRACT: Hydrostatic pressures from 500 to 2000 atmospheres (atm) were applied at 0°C to determine the aggregation and viscoelastic properties of tilapia ( Orechromis niloticus ) myosin. Native myosins were present as long, linear, and single filaments. After a 500-atm treatment, these filaments unfolded and their volume decreased. Upon 1000-atm and 1500-atm treatments, myosins aggregated and formed inseparable network structures. Further, they transformed from viscous sol to elastic gels with a pressure of 500 to 1000 atm. At 2000 atm, the myosin formed irregular aggregates. This study reveals that at 500 atm, myosins unfolded; at 1000 atm, they aggregated, and beyond 1500 atm, they formed both a precipitate and gel.     

“艾美乐”等4种杀虫剂对烟蚜的药效试验

进行了“艾美乐”、“吡虫啉”、“涕灭威”、“氧化乐果”防治烟蚜的室内和田间药效试验。室内校正死亡率分别为 95 .91%、94 .35 %、89.6 7%、85 .4 2 % ;穴施防效 :“艾美乐”5、10、15g/ 6 6 7m2 ,“涕灭威”10 0 0g/ 6 6 7m2 ,分别为 74 %～ 84 .86 % ,95 %～ 96 .15 % ,98.2 7%～ 98.6 %和 70 .81%～ 89.9%。叶面喷施“艾美乐”2、4、6g/ 6 6 7m2 ,“吡虫啉”30 0 0倍 ,“氧化乐果”10 0 0倍的防效分别为 76 .4 5 %～ 99.5 2 % ,84 %～99.95 % ,92 .4 0 %～ 99.98% ,89.9%～ 99.78%和 4 4.6 5 %～ 83.87%。方差分析证明 ,各种药效差异极显著。     

几种防治烟草普通花叶病药剂的田间药效

为给防治烟草普通花叶病的药剂选择提供依据 ,进行了“毒消”6 0 0倍、“病毒必克”5 0 0倍 (药剂 )和氨基酸 30 0倍、“丰农”5 0 0倍 (叶面肥 )田间防效试验。结果表明 ,烟株发病初期开始施药 ,“毒消”6 0 0倍在首次施药后防效达 73.2 4 % ,第 3次施药后各药剂防效下降并在停止施药后 30d病情发生反弹 ;烟株发病中期开始施药 ,首次施药后“病毒必克”5 0 0倍防效达 75 .90 % ,此后各药剂防效均下降 ;氨基酸30 0倍和“丰农”5 0 0倍防效较差     

Generation and characterization of four dilutions of diesel engine exhaust for a subchronic inhalation study

Exposure atmospheres for a rodent inhalation toxicology study were generated from the exhaust of a 2000 Cummins ISB 5.9L diesel engine coupled to a dynamometer and operated on a slightly modified heavy-duty Federal Test Procedure cycle. Exposures were conducted to one clean air control and four diesel exhaust levels maintained at four different dilution rates (300:1, 100:1, 30:1, 10:1) that yielded particulate mass concentrations of 30, 100, 300, and 1000 microg/m3. Exposures at the four dilutions were characterized for particle mass, particle size distribution (reported elsewhere), detailed chemical speciation of gaseous, semivolatile, and particle-phase inorganic and organic compounds. Target analytes included metals, inorganic ions and gases, organic and elemental carbon, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic and aliphatic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxygenated PAH, nitrogenated PAH, isoprenoids, carbonyls, methoxyphenols, sugar derivatives, and sterols. The majority of the mass of material in the exposure atmospheres was gaseous nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, with lesser amounts of volatile organics and particle mass (PM) composed of carbon (approximately 90% of PM) and ions (approximately 10% of PM). Measured particle organic species accounted for about 10% of total organic particle mass and were mostly alkanes and aliphatic acids. Several of the components in the exposure atmosphere scaled in concentration with dilution but did not scale precisely with the dilution rate because of background from the rodents and scrubbed dilution air, interaction of animal derived emissions with diesel exhaust components, and day-to-day variability in the output of the engine. Rodent-derived ammonia reacted with exhaust to form secondary inorganic particles (at different rates dependent on dilution), and rodent respiration accounted for volatile organics (especially carbonyls and acids) in the same range as the diesel exhaust at the lowest exhaust exposure concentrations. Day-to-day variability in the engine output was implicated partially for differences of several components, including some of the particle bound organics. Though these observations have likely occurred in nearly all inhalation exposure atmospheres that contain complex mixtures of material, the speciations conducted here illustrate many of them for the first time.     

防治烟草赤星病药效试验

为了更有效地防治烟草赤星病 ,用 7种药剂进行了大田喷施对比试验。结果表明 :4 0 %“菌核净”可湿性粉剂 5 0 0倍液、4 0 %“菌核铜”可湿性粉剂 5 0 0倍液、4 5 %“菌克”可湿性粉剂 5 0 0倍液、“云岭酶素”30 0倍液、4 5 %“金叶舒”可湿性粉剂 60 0倍液、3%“多抗霉素”可湿性粉剂 30 0倍液、30 %“大力”可湿性粉剂 5 0 0倍液的相对防效依次为 :92 .5 6%、92 .13%、92 .13%、91.18%、90 .36%、87.5 6%、85 .0 2 %、83.91% ,差异达显著水平