树枝状纳米钴微晶对高氯酸铵热分解的影响

采用化学还原法制备了纳米钴微晶,并对产物进行了XRD、SEM、TEM和EDAX表征,结果表明,纳米钴微晶呈树枝状、结晶度高、颗粒尺寸均匀;运用DTA分析研究了纳米钴微晶对AP分解的催化性能,结果显示AP的高低温放热峰相连且合并成一个高而大的放热峰,峰温最大幅度降低了180℃,表观分解热显著增大.表明纳米钴微晶对AP热分解有着极强的催化活性.     

纳米Nd2O3/高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及催化性能的研究

采用固相法制备出了纳米级的氧化钕颗粒.并用溶剂-非溶剂法制备出了Nd2O3/高氯酸铵(AP)复合粒子.XRD、SEM测试结果表明,氧化钕的平均粒径为50nm左右,复合粒子为微米级.对复合粒子中Nd2O3的催化热分解性能(DTA)的测试结果表明,Nd2O3/AP复合粒子可使AP的高温分解峰峰温下降88℃,低温分解峰消失.     

不同粒度及包覆改性高氯酸铵的热分解性能和安全性能研究

采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对不同粒度及包覆改性高氯酸铵(AP)颗粒的分散性及晶相进行了表征,并通过差示扫描量热法和机械感度测试研究不同AP样品的热分解性能和安全性能。结果表明,随着AP粒度增加,颗粒分散性得到一定改善,相同粒度的包覆改性AP分散性优于普通AP;不同粒度及包覆改性AP的晶相均一致;AP粒度越小,其热分解性能越好,对于粒度相同的AP,包覆改性对其热分解性能影响不大;随着AP粒度增加,其撞击感度和摩擦感度均降低,平均粒径(d_(50))分别为1μm、3μm和6μm的AP其撞击感度和摩擦感度分别为96%、80%、64%和28%、28%、16%;包覆改性可以明显降低AP的感度,d_(50)为3μm的包覆改性AP与粒度相同的普通AP相比,撞击感度和摩擦感度分别降低了28%和16%。     

油酸对微波水热法制备的纳米Fe_3O_4的影响

采用微波水热法制备纳米Fe3O4,并用油酸对其进行表面改性,获得油酸包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和振动样品磁强计对Fe3O4纳米粒子的结构、形貌、磁性能进行表征。结果表明:表面改性使得油酸分子中—COOH和Fe离子形成化学键;改性后的纳米Fe3O4粒子为粒度均匀的球形,具有良好的分散性,平均粒径约8nm;该产物具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为61.8emu/g。     

化学镀法制备纳米Ni及其对AP热分解的催化作用

用化学镀镍工艺并制备出纳米Ni粉，用TENi、XRD等分析仪器对纳米Ni粉的结构和特性进行表证。所得纳米Ni粉不含氧化物质，呈球形，为面心立方晶体，平均粒径越为60nm。采用热分析实验（TG—DTA）研究纳米Ni对AP热分解的催化作用。结果表明，在AP中加入质量含量5％的纳米Ni粉，AP的低温热分解峰和高温热分解峰分别提前了17℃左右和72℃左右，纳米Ni粉对AP热分解催化作用明显。     

高氯酸铵/Fe2O3/石墨烯纳米复合材料篚制备及其热性能研究

摘要：采用溶胶-凝胶和溶剂-反溶剂法经超临界流体干燥技术制备了石墨烯基复合含能材料。用扫描电镜、比表面积分析仪、X射线衍射仪和热失重／差示扫描量热仪对复合含能材料进行了表征。研究结果表明高氯酸铵、Fe2O3和石墨烯成功复合;在复合含能材料中．高氯酸铵以纳米级尺寸存在,由谢勒公式计算得到AP的平均粒径为70nm;与空白样高氯酸铵相比,复合含能材料的热分解明显提前,高温分解放热峰温降低了93．8℃,Fe2O3和石墨烯对高氯酸铵的热分解具有良好的催化作用。     

铜/碳纳米管复合粒子的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解性能研究

以碳纳米管为载体, 用化学沉积法制备了Cu/CNTs复合粒子, 并用TEM、SEM、FT-IR、XRD、XPS和DTA对其表观形貌、结构及催化性能进行了表征. 结果表明, CNTs和Cu之间无论是简单混合还是复合, 对高氯酸铵(AP)的热分解均有催化作用. 与纯AP相比, Cu/CNTs复合粒子中的AP高温分解峰温降低126.3℃, 低温分解峰几乎消失, 表观分解热由309.92J/g提高到711.13J/g; 与简单混合物相比, 复合粒子中的AP高温分解峰温降低11.4℃, 表观分解热由494.06J/g提高到711.13J/g. 表明CNTs与Cu的复合处理可显著提高其对AP热分解反应的催化作用.     

纳米NiFe2O4的制备及其对高氯酸铵的热分解催化性能

采用水热法制备出纯相的NiFe2O4纳米颗粒。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对样品进行了表征,并运用热分析法和质谱仪研究了样品对高氯酸铵的热分解催化性能。结果表明,制备的NiFe2O4纳米颗粒粒径约为5.0nm,对高氯酸铵的热分解具有很高的催化活性。当NiFe2O4纳米颗粒的添加量达到10%时,对高氯酸铵的热分解催化性能最好,可使高氯酸铵的高温分解温度降低89.8℃。     

油酸钠对油相法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面改性研究

以常见的表面活性剂油酸钠作为表面改性剂,通过油酸根离子中的脂肪烃链与高温油相法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子表面的亲油性基团之间的范德华力作用,将分散在油相中的Fe3O4纳米粒子转移到水相中.研究了油酸钠浓度、油相中Fe3O4纳米粒子含量、pH值及温度等条件对改性结果的影响;用穆斯堡尔谱仪（Moessbauer）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等方法对改性前后的样品进行了表征.结果表明：本方法可有效地将油相法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子从油相中转移到水相.当油酸钠浓度为3mmol/L、Fe3O4纳米粒子在正己烷中浓度为12.28mg·mL^-1、pH为8.6且温度为60℃时,转移率最高可达86%,改性后粒子在水相中的含量最高可达10.5mg·mL^-1;改性后磁性粒子在水相中含量较低时,能够稳定分散较长时间.     

纳米氧化物粒子改善PP-R树脂性能的规律

以粒度相当、分散性能相似的纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2、纳米Al2O3和纳米ZnO等4种纳米氧化物粒子为填料,采用相同工艺来改善PP-R树脂各项性能,尤其是耐热性能和力学性能.研究结果表明,纳米粒子对PP-R树脂的改性效果顺序是:纳米ZnO＞纳米TiO2＞纳米Al2O3＞纳米SiO2;纳米氧化物粒子的极性对PP-R树脂的性能有显著影响,在排除纳米粒子的粒度、分散性和复合材料制备工艺等因素的影响前提下,纳米粒子的极性越强,改性效果越好.     

四氧化三铁纳米粉在水溶液中分散稳定性的研究

采用液相共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4粒子,选用柠檬酸铵、白蛋白、PEG200和柠檬酸等作为分散剂,对Fe3O4纳米粉体进行表面修饰和改性,研究了分散剂种类、添加量及粉体含量等对Fe3O4纳米粉稳定性的影响.研究结果表明,白蛋白和柠檬酸铵是水溶液中纳米粉体很好的分散剂;电解质柠檬酸铵作为分散剂时,溶液分散处理都能达到很好的稳定效果;用白蛋白分散时,最佳工艺条件为:纳米Fe3O4粉体含量为40mL标准溶液/100mL溶液,白蛋白添加量为1.6mL.最后采用HRTEM、FT-IR等对其结构和包裹性能进行表征,结果表明,纳米粒子表面包覆了柠檬酸铵,柠檬酸铵包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子基本呈球形,单个晶粒粒径约为10nm,制得的磁性液体分散稳定效果很好.     

表面含羧基磁性高分子复合微球的制备

用化学共沉淀法制备了F e3O4纳米微粒,并对F e3O4微球表面进行改性,以磁性F e3O4为核,通过苯乙烯和丙烯酸的乳液共聚,制备了粒径均匀、以苯乙烯和丙烯酸共聚物为壳、表面含有一定羧基的磁性高分子纳米复合微球。测定了此微球的形态、结构和粒径,探讨了聚合单体、乳化剂等因素对微球合成的影响。     

纳米Fe3O4-聚吡咯的相互作用

在合成了同时具有导电性和磁性能的Fe3O4-聚吡咯纳米微球的基础上，使用了光电子能谱(XPS)、IR、UV、TGA等手段研究了纳米Fe3O4-聚吡咯之间的相互作用及作用机理。结果表明，Fe3O4与聚吡咯基体问存在着一定的相互作用。Fe原子3d轨道的空轨道与N原子的孤对电子形成了配位键，正是这种配位键的形成提高了复合物的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and characterization of KNd2Ti3O9.5 nanocrystal and its catalytic effect on decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

A novel kind of perovskite type oxide KNd₂Ti₃O_9.5 nanocrystals with an average size of 12 nm were successfully fabricated by a stearic acid sol–gel method (SAM) using Ti(OBu)₄, KOH, Nd₂O₃ and stearic acid as the raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the products. The catalytic effect of the KNd₂Ti₃O_9.5 nanoparticles on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetry (TG) experiments. Results indicated that the obtained KNd₂Ti₃O_9.5 nanocrystals took on cubic structure and presented both good dispersibility and uniform crystallite size. Also, they have an intense catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP. Adding 2% of KNd₂Ti₃O_9.5 nanoparticles to AP can obviously decrease the thermal decomposition temperature of AP by 50 °C, increase the heat of decomposition from 590 J g⁻¹ to 1659 J g⁻¹ and obviously quicken the decomposition reaction rate.     

超小型Fe3O4/Au纳米复合微粒的制备与表征

用反向微乳液法成功制备了超小型Fe3O4/Au磁性纳米复合微粒,并利用3-巯基丙酸将复合微粒直接从微乳液分离到有机溶剂中.用UV-Vis、VSM和TEM对产物进行了鉴定与表征,结果表明复合微粒分散良好,平均粒径为6.7nm,饱和磁化强度为9.7A·m2/kg.     

Preparation and catalytic activity of Ni/CNTs nanocomposites using microwave irradiation heating method

Ni nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes were prepared by microwave-assisted heating hydrazine reduction in ethylene glycol. The Ni/CNTs nanocomposites by microwave-irradiation method (MIM-Ni/CNTs) were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and BET. The results indicated that MIM-Ni/CNTs had compact coating, high nickel loading and large BET surface area. The catalytic activity of obtained products on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was carried out by DTA. The burning rate of the propellant modified by MIM-Ni/CNTs was measured by strand burner method. Moreover, the experimental results showed that the obtained products could play a catalytic role in the thermal decomposition of AP and combustion of AP-based propellant.     

白蛋白包覆纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的制备与表征

目的：制备用于肿瘤靶向治疗的纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子。方法：采用液相共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,通过高温固化法使得白蛋白固化包覆磁性Fe3O4磁性粒子。结果：X-Ray衍射分析表明制得的纳米Fe3O4为反尖晶石结构,晶粒平均粒径为17．9nm;白蛋白包覆的磁性纳米粒子的平均粒径为341nm。结论：纳米Fe3O4及其白蛋白包覆的磁性粒孚可用作药物的载体,适用于肿瘤靶向治疗的进一步研究。     

Synthesis,characterisation and catalytic activity of cadmium cobaltite nanoparticles: part 87

In this paper, we report the synthesis of cadmium cobaltite nanoparticles (CCNs) and their characterisation by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The particles are spherical in shape and the average particle size is of the order of 20–30 nm. Its catalytic activity was investigated through the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), composite solid propellants (CSPs), 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one (NTO) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) using thermogravimetry (TG), TG coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and ignition delay measurements. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of AP + CCNs has also been investigated using isoconversional and model-fitting approaches, which have been applied to data for isothermal TG decomposition. The burning rate of CSPs was considerably enhanced by these nanoparticles. The ignition delays and activation energies are found to decrease when CCNs were incorporated in the system. The addition of CCNs to AP led to a shifting of the high-temperature decomposition peak towards lower temperature. All these studies show enhancement in the rate of decomposition of AP, NTO, HMX and CSPs.     

Preparation of nanometer CuFe2O4 by auto-combustion and its catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Nanometer copper ferrite was synthesized by auto-combustion method using cupric nitrate, ferric nitrate and malic acid as raw materials. The precursor and as-burnt sample were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) . Average particle size of sample is 26nm. The catalytic performance of nanometer CuFe₂O₄ on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by DTA. The results show that the nanometer CuFe₂O₄ has high a catalytic activity, and the thermal decomposition temperature of AP shift 105 °C downward with the effect of nanometer copper ferrite. When the content of CuFe₂O₄ comes to 5%, the catalytic performance is the best.     

Fe_3O_4掺杂制备气体分离功能炭膜

采用共混法在聚酰亚胺前驱体中引入Fe3O4纳米粒子,经高温热解炭化制备了杂化功能炭膜.采用XRD、TEM和VSM等分析方法对所制备的功能炭膜进行表征,并探讨了Fe3O4纳米粒子的掺杂量及炭化终温对功能炭膜气体分离性能的影响.结果表明,Fe3O4纳米粒子在热解炭化过程中发生了物相形态的改变,并对前驱体起到了催化石墨化的作用,使功能炭膜具有类石墨片层和乱层炭的两种炭结构形态,同时具有磁性.气体渗透实验表明,掺杂Fe3O4纳米粒子使所制备的功能炭膜具有"分子筛分"的分离特征,提高了炭膜的气体渗透性能,特别是对小分子气体H2的渗透性提高了61倍,H2/CO2的分离选择性也明显得到改善.Fe3O4的掺杂量和炭化终温对炭膜的气体分离性能有显著影响.Fe3O4添加量为20wt%的功能炭膜对H2、CO2、O2、N2和CH4等纯气体的渗透系数分别为15476、4385、1565、193和114Barrers[1Barrer=1×10-10cm3(STP).cm/(cm2.s.cmHg)].