国内外抗菌金属材料的开发

本文简述了国内外抗菌材料的开发现状。包括合金型加铜加银抗菌不锈钢，复合抗菌金属材料和涂层抗菌金属材料。并初步探讨了各类抗菌金属材料的抗菌原理、特点和用途。     

载银纳米SiO2制备与抗菌性研究

在60%硫酸乙酯催化下TEOS水解,通过控制水解条件,得到担载体纳米SiO2。采用吸附法在其表面负载银,制备无机抗菌材料。用抑菌圈直径和杀菌率表征粉末抗菌性能,研究了吸附时间、硝酸银浓度及吸附温度与负载量的关系,并考查了焙烧温度等因素对抗菌性能的影响。研究发现,以离子形式存在的贵金属银的抗菌性能强,焙烧处理温度决定其离子溶出性与可重复使用次数。     

V~(5+)掺杂含钛高炉渣光催化抗菌材料的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了V5＋掺杂含钛高炉渣光催化抗菌材料。以大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、腊样杆菌为实验菌种,以普通日光灯为光源,考察了菌种、掺杂量等因素对材料抗菌性能的影响。并采用XRD、SEM等方法对材料进行表征。结果表明：V5＋掺杂含钛高炉渣光催化抗菌材料对白色念珠菌抗菌性能较好,并随掺杂量增大抗菌性能增强;用琼脂稀释法测得M IC为wV2O5=2.5%;抗菌材料经生理盐水和无水乙醇洗涤后重复利用其抗菌性能略有下降。     

一种具有抗菌功能的稀土功能材料实现产业化

由中国建筑材料科学研究院金宗哲等采用理想的原材料用稀土激活方法研制成功的，具有抗菌、净化空气及产生负离子的功能材料目前已实现产业化，并开发出了空气净化功能涂料、抗菌涂料、产生负离子涂料、抗菌卫生陶瓷系列新技术新产品，该项目获得2004年度国家技术发明二等奖。     

近年日本抗菌材料的发展

日本近几年大力开展了抗菌材料的研究 ,各类称为具有防菌、抗菌性能的商品和材料大量问世 ,日本钢铁企业也都先后开发出抗菌材料并投放市场。本文对近年来日本抗菌材料的发展作一简要介绍。1　抗菌原理目前开发出的抗菌材料有两种类型 ,一是依靠金属离子灭菌 ,一是靠光触媒灭菌。1 .1　金属离子金属离子中的重金属离子大都有杀菌能力 ,如从对人身安全来衡量 ,它们的安全顺序为Ａｇ >Ｃｏ >Ｎｉ >Ａｌ >Ｚｎ >Ｃｕ =Ｆｅ >Ｍｎ >Ｓｎ >Ｂａ >Ｍｇ >Ｃａ ,其中Ａｇ最好 ,目前应用最广泛的是Ａｇ系、Ｃｕ系和Ｚｎ系。当细菌和金属离子接触时 ,…     

La、Ho掺杂 TiO2光催化抗菌材料的制备与抗菌性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋转涂膜法制备了La、Ho掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料.以大肠杆菌为实验菌种,普通日光灯为光源,考察了旋转速度、稀土掺杂量、涂膜层数、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对材料抗菌性能的影响.并采用SEM、XRD、TG-DSC等方法对材料进行了表征.结果表明,稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料在普通日光灯照射下具备较强的抗菌性能.当旋转速度1100r/min,镧掺杂量为x(La)=0.3%、烧结温度550℃、烧结时间1.5 h、涂膜层数为3层时,La-TiO2抗菌性能最佳;旋转速度1100r/min,钬掺杂量为x(Ho)=0.4%、烧结温度600℃、烧结时间1 h、涂膜层数为2层时,Ho-TiO2抗菌性能较好,且La掺杂TiO2光催化材料抗菌性能优于Ho掺杂TiO2光催化材料,其1.5h杀菌率达92.21%.     

高丰度稀土中熵陶瓷粉体的制备及抗菌性能研究

在新冠肺炎全球蔓延的背景下，人们对功能性抗菌材料提出了更高的要求，本文采用高温固相合成法制备了(La_0.25Sm_0.25Eu_0.25Gd_0.25)₂W₃O₁₂和(La_0.25Sm_0.25Eu_0.25Gd_0.25)₂O₃中熵陶瓷粉体。在黑暗条件下，对两种陶瓷粉体的抗大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴菌)和金色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳菌)的性能进行测试，同时辅以XRD、EDS、TEM、粒度分析、离子溶出性实验和Zeta电位测试对合成产物进行表征。结果表明，合成产物元素分布均匀、粒度较小。两种中熵陶瓷粉体对两类细菌的抗菌率均大于99%,说明材料具有广谱抗菌性能。其中，中熵化后的材料能有效提高陶瓷粉体对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性，综合比较下，(La_0.25Sm_0.25Eu_0.25     

超低碳抗菌不锈钢的研究和开发

随着国民经济的不断发展和各行各业的需求，我公司在研制成功奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的基础上，进一步研制与开发了超低碳铁素体抗菌不锈钢。     

抗菌不锈钢的研究进展

 抗菌不锈钢结合了不锈钢稳定的加工性能和抗菌元素良好的抗菌性能,介绍了各种抗菌不锈钢材的分类、抗菌机制、特点、应用、开发现状以及制备方法。讨论了抗菌不锈钢目前需要解决的问题。     

铁素体抗菌不锈钢430Cu

日本的不锈钢生产厂研究在钢中加入某种抗菌金属，经适当的热处理，以获得长期稳定的抗菌性能的不锈钢。1998年日新钢铁公司研制成功铁素体系抗菌不锈钢NSSAMI、马氏体系抗菌不锈钢NSSAM2和奥氏体系抗菌不锈钢NSSAM3，形成了含铜抗菌不锈钢系列。同年，川崎钢铁公司研制成功含银抗菌不锈钢。[第一段]     

Antibacterial Characteristics of ZnO-CeO2 Nano-Powder Prepared by Laser Vapor Condensation

Microbialpollutionandcontaminationbymicroor ganismshaveproducedvarioustroublesinindustryandothervitalfields ,suchasdegradationandinfec tion .Thenewpasteurizationandantibacterialtech niqueshavebeendemandedandstudied[1] .Inrecentyears ,therareearthmetaloxid…     

Antibacterial Properties of Cerium-Bearing Stainless Steel Bearing Cerium

Antibacterial Properties of Cerium-Bearing Stainless Steel Bearing Cerium     

苹果皮对银离子的吸附行为及其杀菌效果

将苹果皮制备的吸附材料用于负载银离子,所得载银吸附剂用于杀菌,效果显著。考察了溶液pH、苹果皮粉末颗粒量、接触时间、银离子初始浓度和温度等对其吸附银离子的影响。结果表明,pH在5左右时,吸附效果最佳,吸附容量可达到55 mg/g以上。该吸附负载银离子的苹果皮对芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌都表现出非常优越的杀菌效果。被负载的银是导致杀菌效果的关键成分,纯粹的苹果皮没有任何杀菌效果。     

Influence of Composite Phosphate Inorganic Antibacterial Materials Containing Rare Earth on Activated Water Property of Ceramics

Antibacterial ceramic was prepared by doping enamel slurry with composite phosphate inorganic antibacterial materials containing rare earth (inorganic antibacterial additives), and then the mechanisms for activating water and improving seed germinative property were tested by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the method of testing oxygen dissolved in activated water. Results show that the half peak width of ^17O-NMR for tap water activated by the antibacterial ceramic drops from 115.36 to 99.15Hz, and oxygen concentrations of activated water increase by 20%, germinate rate of horsebean and earthnut seeds increases by 12.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Therefore antibacterial ceramic doped enamel slurry with inorganic antibacterial additives containing rare earth can reduce the volume of clusters of water molecules, improve activation of tap water, and promote plant seeds germinate.     

Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Property of Cerium Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite （HAP） and cerium substituted hydroxyapatite （CeHAP） with the atomic ratio of Ce/[ Ca ＋ Ce] （xco） from 0 to 0.2 were prepared by sol-gel-supercritical fluid drying （SCFD） method. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, XRD, and FT-IR, and the effects of cerium on crystal structure, crystallinity, and particle shape were discussed. With the tests of bacterial inhibition zone and antibacterial ratio, the antibacterial property of HAP and CeHAP nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus were researched. Results showed that the nanoparticles of HAP and CeHAP could be made by sol-gel-SCFD, cerium could partially substitute for calcium and enter the structure of HAP. After substitution, the crystallinity, the IR wavenumbers of bonds in CeHAP decreased gradually with increase of cerium substitution, and the morphology of the nanoparticles changed from the short rod-shaped HAP to the needle-shaped CeHAP. The nanoparticles of HAP and CeHAP with Xco below 0.08 had antibacterial property only forcibly contacting with the test bacteria at the test concentration of 0.1 g · mi^-1, however, the Ce- HAP nanoparticles had antibacterial ability at that concentration no matter statically or dynamically contacting with the test bacteria when Xco was above 0.08, and the antibacterial ability gets better with the increase Of Xce, indicating that the antibacterial property was improved after calcium was partially substituted by cerium. The improved antibacterial effects of CeHAP nanoparticle on Lactobacillus showed its potential ability to anticaries.     

铜对奥氏体抗菌不锈钢性能的影响

 研究了不同铜含量的奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的抗菌性能、腐蚀性能和力学性能。样品经过热轧、抗菌热处理、冷轧、退火处理后,进行了抗菌试验、腐蚀试验等。试验结果表明,随着铜含量的增加,抗菌性逐渐提高;其耐点蚀性随着铜含量的增加呈提高的趋势;强度随着铜含量的增加先减后增,塑性先增后减。     

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Photocatalytic Antibacterial Properties of Nanometer TiO2 Powders

Nanometer Ce/TiO2 functional materials with photocatalystic antibacterial properties were prepared by dipping TiO2 nanometer powders into RE( NO3 )·nH2O solutions, filtrating, drying and heat treatment, and the enhancement mechanisms of Ce on the nanometer TiO2 were studied by electronic spin resonance(ESR) The results show that TiO2 for photocatalystic antibacterial properties is strengthened evidently by adding Ce, which has a high efficiency of photocatalystic antibacterial properties with the light extent of visible light and ultraviolet radiation. The basic reason for obtaining the strengthened result is that the effective wave length of photocatalystic properties of TiO2 can be expanded to visible light area with the induction of the rare earth elements, whether or not ultraviolet light exists, nanometer TiO2 can produce a great deal of hydroxylic radical(·OH) by treating with rare earth elements.     

Gamma sterilization of a semi-solid poly(ortho ester) designed for controlled drug delivery--validation and radiation effects

Radiation sterilization is becoming increasingly popular for the sterilization of many pharmaceutical products. Although this technique is not limited to the sterilization of polymers, it is probably the most suitable method for such materials. This method however suffers several drawbacks. The sterilization of a product must lead to a safety level of 10(-6), i.e. one chance in a million to find a contaminated sample. In many cases, this assurance of sterility can be achieved by using a uniform treatment dose of 2.5 Mrad, recommended by the pharmacopeia. We investigated the possibility of using doses of radiation inferior to 2.5 Mrad to sterilize a semi-solid poly(ortho ester) (POE) developed for use as carrier in controlled drug delivery. After determination of the initial bioburden, the polymer was intentionally contaminated with the bioindicator Bacillus pumilus E 601. Following exposure to gamma irradiation, the D10 value of the radio resistant bioindicator was determined. Using the initial contamination value, the reduction factor D10 and the safety level, it is possible to calculate an optimal sterilizing dose for POE. All polymers are affected by ionizing radiation and the amount of radiation which produces a significant change in properties may vary from one polymer to the other. A molecular weight and dynamic viscosity decrease resulting from backbone cleavage was observed for this POE at a dose lower than 2.0 Mrad. Evaluation of the structure using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR analysis shows that for doses higher than 2.0 Mrad, another degredation process takes place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)