企业扁平化组织结构的研究

在分析传统宝塔式多层次管理结构的基础上，概括出扁平化组织结构的本质特征及优点，阐述了包括精益生产、JIT、敏捷制造等先进管理、生产方法在扁平化组织结构中的应用，以及实现扁平化管理模式的方法和信息集成，并用IDEF(集成定义法)分析及建模工具成功地构建出基于采购、库存、生产、分销等模块的集成信息模型框架，为企业的可持续发展提供一种具有实践意义的管理、生产结构模式。     

精益与敏捷集成的供应链

市场竞争迫使制造企业运用精益思想降低成本,但顾客需求越来越个性化,要求快速响应．需要企业具备敏捷性。本文通过简单模型和案例,分析精益与敏捷相集成的优势和运作模式。从产品需求模式看,精益供应链与标准化产品、功能性产品匹配,敏捷供应链与定制化产品、创新性产品相匹配。从产品模块化设计以及全球供应考虑,精益与敏捷集成的供应链是最有效的选择。     

敏捷供应链的敏捷性分析

根据"敏捷"思想发展状况及敏捷供应链的定义与内容,提出敏捷供应链的敏捷路线,从集成角度分析供应链敏捷性与集成的关系,在上述分析基础上给出增强供应链敏捷性的方法途径.     

基于工作流管理的敏捷产品设计资源集成研究

为实现敏捷产品设计,分析了支持敏捷产品设计的资源,研究并开发了基于工作流管理系统的集成产品设计平台,对集成平台内部设计资源的数据集成和应用集成进行研究,利用XML作为平台的数据交换格式,采用Web Service技术作为工作流管理系统和CAD／PDM／知识库系统等设计资源的集成方式,方便了系统的扩展性。以变速箱的上端盖设计为例,证实了集成平台对敏捷产品设计过程支持的有效性。     

现代建设项目全寿命期组织集成的实现问题

现代建设项目承发包模式体现出来的“建设生产过程一体化”趋势及建设项目业主方管理与承包方管理的新特点要求业主对工程项目实行全寿命期的集成管理;但目前国内外工程管理领域对于建设项目全寿命周期集成管理中组织集成的实现问题的研究尚存在局限性。通过建立一种敏捷、高效的新型组织集成模式来实现对现代建设项目全寿命期的集成管理,并探讨了该组织集成模式的运行机制。     

三牙轮钻头设计制造过程的集成数据管理平台：1997年1月20日收到

结合三牙轮钻头的设计制造过程，介绍了江汉钻头厂ＪＺ－ＣＩＭＳ重点应用工程中的技术文档管理系统的结构和功能，以此作为集成数据管理平台，实现了ＪＺ－ＣＩＭＳ中工程设计与制造分系统（ＥＤ＆Ｍ）的集成。     

全球集成制造与大成组工程（一）

介绍了２１世纪美，日，德关于全球集成制造的发展战略，分析了全球集成制造的新趋向；介绍了由于信息高速公路发展带来的人类生产和生活方式的巨大变化，最后分析了企业小型化与全球集成制造的关系。     

应用成组技术实现制造敏捷化、分散化、网络化

本文分析了敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造与应用成组技术之间的关系，提出了应用成组技术实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造的方法，探讨了我国制造企业基于成组技术的敏捷生产组织构建方法以及敏捷制造单元的成组与重构技术，为我国中小企业特别是离散型制造企业实现敏捷化、分散化、网络化制造作了有益探索。     

三牙轮钻头设计制造过程的集成数据管理平台

结合三牙轮钻头的设计制造过程，介绍了江汉钻头厂JZ－CIMS重点应用工程中的技术文档管理系统的结构和功能，以此作为集成数据管理平台，实现了JZ－CIMS中工程设计与制造分系统（ED＆M）的集成。     

精益生产和敏捷制造在集成供应链 管理系统中的综合应用

在分析精益生产和敏捷制造这两种生产模式各自特点及其相互关系的基础上,研究了它们在集成供应链管理系统中的综合应用,指出敏捷制造适于处理供应链中动态变化的市场需求,而精益生产则提供了供应链优化运行所需的均衡生产调度并降低系统的运行成本。     

Development of Bioimplants with 2D, 3D,and 4D Additive Manufacturing Materials

Over the past 30 years, additive manufacturing (AM) has developed rapidly and has demonstrated great potential in biomedical applications. AM is a materials-oriented manufacturing technology, since the solidification mechanism, architecture resolution, post-treatment process, and functional application are based on the materials to be printed. However, 3D printable materials are still quite limited for the fabrication of bioimplants. In this work, 2D/3D AM materials for bioimplants are reviewed. Furthermore, inspired by Tai Chi, a simple yet novel soft/rigid hybrid 4D AM concept is advanced to develop complex and dynamic biological structures in the human body based on 4D printing hybrid ceramic precursor/ceramic materials that were previously developed by our group. With the development of multi-material printing technology, the development of bioimplants and soft/rigid hybrid biological structures with 2D/3D/4D AM materials can be anticipated.     

基于增材制造的陶瓷器型创新设计研究综述

通过梳理陶瓷领域的增材制造技术,并结合传统陶瓷的工艺过程及特点,探索增材制造技术对陶瓷器型创新的推进作用,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。基于陶瓷传统工艺过程,提炼传统器型的造型特点,就其存在的限制与问题进行分析;梳理目前陶瓷增材制造的技术发展脉络,探索不同增材制造技术的工艺特点及对陶瓷造型的影响,并结合陶瓷增材制造实例进行设计剖析,从创作方式和设计语言两方面阐述增材制造对于陶瓷器型的创新推进作用;最后对陶瓷增材制造技术进行未来展望。增材制造技术与陶瓷的结合,有力地推进了陶瓷器型的创新设计,使其突破了传统的设计限制,新的技术带来新的设计语言与创作形式,虽然目前仍处于发展阶段,但极具潜力。     

铜合金增材制造技术研究进展

增材制造技术的迅速发展,给铜合金制造技术提供了新的发展动力。主要综述了近年来国内外不同铜合金增材制造工艺的方法,分析了增材制造研究过程中遇到的增材制造试样晶粒易粗大、易形成裂纹及易引入杂质等问题,对比了不同增材制造工艺方法下,制备的铜合金试样的微观组织和力学性能。在此基础上,着重综述了铜合金增材制造技术研究在不同增材制造工艺方法方面的进展,并对增材制造试样与传统铸造试样的微观组织和力学性能进行对比。最后,对铜合金增材制造技术研究进展进行总结,并对其发展前景和发展方向进行展望。     

面向灵捷制造的产品开发及其组织

灵捷制造是21世纪制造企业的战略。而作为灵捷制造企业,其产品必须具备灵捷性。本文结合灵捷制造的特点和功能,论述了为提高企业产品的灵捷性,企业在产品开发时就必须采用并行工程的工作方式,要组织任务团队,并要通过加强标准化工作以及借助于模式化技术等来从工作方式、组织、技术及产品上提高企业产品开发的灵捷性,以此提高企业的灵捷性,使企业成为灵捷制造企业。     

调幅加网技术在光栅防伪技术中的应用

简单阐述了调幅加网的原理与特点,研究了基于最小阈值矩阵的调幅加网技术在光栅防伪技术中的应用,实验验证了在半色调图像的CMY 3个色版同时加入防伪信息的可行性。研究表明,基于最小阈值矩阵的调幅加网技术可以在光栅防伪技术中得到很好的应用。     

基于全息水印印刷防伪的半色调算法

分析了数字全息水印技术和数字图像半色调技术中的调幅半色调、调频半色调和AM/FM混合半色调3类主要技术的优势。探讨了将数字全息水印和数字图像半色调化技术紧密结合起来的数字全息水印防伪技术,并介绍了其原理、特点及应用。     

Informing additive manufacturing technology adoption: total cost and the impact of capacity utilisation

Informing Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology adoption decisions, this paper investigates the relationship between build volume capacity utilisation and efficient technology operation in an inter-process comparison of the costs of manufacturing a complex component used in the packaging industry. Confronting the reported costs of a conventional machining and welding pathway with an estimator of the costs incurred through an AM route utilising Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), we weave together four aspects: optimised capacity utilisation, ancillary process steps, the effect of build failure and design adaptation. Recognising that AM users can fill unused machine capacity with other, potentially unrelated, geometries, we posit a characteristic of ‘fungible’ build capacity. This aspect is integrated in the cost estimation framework through computational build volume packing, drawing on a basket of sample geometries. We show that the unit cost in mixed builds at full capacity is lower than in builds limited to a single type of geometry; in our study, this results in a mean unit cost overstatement of 157%. The estimated manufacturing cost savings from AM adoption range from 36 to 46%. Additionally, we indicate that operating cost savings resulting from design adaptation are likely to far outweigh the manufacturing cost advantage.     

Additive manufacturing management: a review and future research agenda

Based on the phenomenal changes that additive manufacturing (AM) has brought to industries and markets, managerial approaches should be re-examined and developed to take advantage of emerging opportunities. This revolutionary technology is dramatically changing business and innovation models, shrinking supply chains and altering the global economy. For example, 3D printing shifts production locations closer to customers and leads to free-form product design as well as sustainable manufacturing. Several studies have been conducted on AM technology, but the research stream on AM management is still developing, with studies dispersed in journals across different research areas. Our study presents both systematic and quantitative analyses of the literature, including co-citation analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling, to explore the structure of the AM research domains in the scope of management, business and economics. We found eight main research streams: AM technology selection, supply chain, product design and production cost models, environmental aspects, strategic challenges, manufacturing systems, open-source innovation and business models and economics. Finally, based on the results of our in-depth analysis of the literature, we found nine promising future research directions.     

A Review of the Application of Additive Manufacturing in Prosthetic and Orthotic Clinics from a Biomechanical Perspective

Prostheses and orthoses are common assistive devices to meet the biomechanical needs of people with physical disabilities. The traditional fabrication approach for prostheses or orthoses is a material-wasting, time-consuming, and labor-intensive process. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has advantages that can solve these problems. Many trials have been conducted in fabricating prostheses and orthoses. However, there is still a gap between the hype and the expected realities of AM in prosthetic and orthotic clinics. One of the key challenges is the lack of a systematic framework of integrated technologies with the AM procedure; another challenge is the need to design a prosthetic or orthotic product that can meet the requirements of both comfort and function. This study reviews the current state of application of AM technologies in prosthesis and orthosis fabrication, and discusses optimal design using computational methods and biomechanical evaluations of product performance. A systematic framework of the AM procedure is proposed, which covers the scanning of affected body parts through to the final designed adaptable product. A cycle of optimal design and biomechanical evaluation of products using finite-element analysis is included in the framework. A mature framework of the AM procedure and sufficient evidence that the resulting products show satisfactory biomechanical performance will promote the application of AM in prosthetic and orthotic clinics.     

John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety Awards. System innovation: Concord Hospital

BACKGROUND: The Cardiac Surgery Program at Concord Hospital (Concord, NH) restructured clinical teamwork for improved safety and effectiveness on the basis of theory and practice from human factors science, aviation safety, and high-reliability organization theory. A team-based, collaborative rounds process--the Concord Collaborative Care Model--that involved use of a structured communications protocol was conducted daily at each patient's bedside. METHODS: The entire care team agreed to meet at the same time each day (8:45 AM to 9:30 AM) to share information and develop a plan of care for each patient, with patient and family members as active participants. The cardiac surgery team developed a structured communications protocol adapted from human factors science. To provide a forum for discussion of team goals and progress and to address system-level concerns, a biweekly system rounds process was established. RESULTS: Following implementation of collaborative rounds, mortality of Concord Hospital's cardiac surgery patients declined significantly from expected rates. Satisfaction rates of open heart patients scores were consistently in the 97th-99th percentile nationally. A quality of work life survey indicated that in every category, providers expressed greater satisfaction with the collaborative care process than with the traditional rounds process. Practice patterns in the Cardiac Surgery Program at Concord Hospital have changed to a much more collaborative and participatory process, with improved outcomes, happier patients, and more satisfied practitioners. A culture of continuous program improvement has been implemented that continues to evolve and produce benefits.