基于导频信号的MIMO-OFDM同步技术

MIMO-OFDM技术将成为第4代移动通信系统的关键技术,因MIMO-OFDM对时间和频率偏移非常敏感,因此MIMO-OFDM同步显得尤为重要。提出了一种新的MIMO-OFDM定时同步和频偏同步技术。以GCL序列为基础设计了一个新的符合MIMO-OFDM同步技术的导频序列,通过对该导频序列进行2次相关得到频率估计,并将所得频率运用到定时同步中,得到更为准确的时间估计。仿真结果表明,在相同的信噪比情况下,该方法可以使得系统的误码率和帧传送误码率相对传统方法得到进一步减小。     

高精度光纤时间频率一体化传递

为满足各工程应用领域对于高精度时间频率同步的需求,降低系统复杂度,保障大规模光纤时频传递网络的顺利建设,该文提出基于伪码调制技术的光纤时间频率一体化传递方法,设计并搭建了光纤时间频率一体化传递系统,完成了光纤单向和双向时频一体化传递。在单向时频传递试验中,分析了温度变化对于系统传输时延的影响;在双向时频传递试验中,实现了时间频率的高精度传递,系统附加时间传递抖动为0.28 ps/s, 0.82 ps/1000 s,附加频率传递不稳定度为4.94×10–13/s, 6.39×10–17/40000 s。试验结果表明,该方法实现了时间、频率一体化高精度同步,且系统附加时间传递抖动优于目前各光纤时间同步方案。     

星载分布式InSAR测高性能的理论及系统仿真评价方法

针对星载分布式干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)系统空间几何构形,全面分析了卫星状态误差、干涉基线误差、干涉相位误差、时间、频率和波束三同步误差以及斜距测量误差等分布式InSAR测高误差源,给出了系统测高误差总的传递关系.以三大同步误差为重点,推导了各误差源到高程误差的理论传递模型,给出了分布式InSAR系统的理论评价方法.基于分布式InSAR全过程仿真平台,提出了一种通过构造一定平均坡度的典型场景和自然场景来进行系统仿真的实验评价新方法.通过理论和系统仿真实验两种评价方法的结合,使得分布式InSAR系统的性能评价更加全面、真实.     

High speed quantum key distribution system

Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems can generate unconditionally secure common key between remote users. Improvement of QKD performance, particularly on key generation rate, has been required to meet current network traffic. The present paper considers system requirement to improve key generation rate by increasing photon detection rate and reducing error rate. A high-speed QKD system should be equipped with low loss receivers with high visibility, highly efficient photon detectors with small dark count probability, and a stable clock synchronization system with low stray light to the quantum signals. A solution for these issues are given by employing planar lightwave circuit interferometers, single photon detection circuits and modules, and clock synchronization based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique. A QKD system has been developed by combining these techniques. The system working with 625 MHz clock generated sift key at the rate of 2.4 kbps through a 97-km single installed fiber core.     

Statistical approximation based fine frequency synchronization for OFDM systems

The paper proposes a novel approach for fine frequency synchronization of OFDM syn- chronization systems in multi-path channels. Maximum Likelihood (ML) function of frequency offsets including integral and decimal parts in frequency domain is developed according to the law of great number to eliminate the noise impact of the signal. When the timing delay close to the actual time, the proposed function produces a deep valley indicating frequency offset when large Valley-Square- Error (VSE) appears. Coarse timing offset can also be detected when function’s Valley-Square-Error (VSE) is maximized. Simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm gives very robust estimation of frequency offset, and a coarse timing offset estimation.     

一种新的高速跳频同步方法

跳频电台同步系统要求具有良好的抗干扰性能和保密性能,同时达到快速同步.针对传统的时间信息和同步字头相结合的同步方案,提出了一种基于差分跳频原理的高速跳频同步方案.发送端利用载波的前后相关性来传送同步信息,接收端通过频率侦测获取同步信息,简化了传统方案中同步信息的编码、调制等过程.仿真结果表明,方案的同步性能有较大改善,同步时间短,抗干扰能力强.     

Airborne collision avoidance and other applications of time/frequency

Time/frequency technology provides a reliable aircraft collision avoidance system (CAS) that can operate in either synchronous or asynchronous modes. Precision time-ordered techniques of CAS provide both range and range-rate measurements in a one-way sense to all aircraft as well as ground stations within range of transmitted microwave signals. The cooperative system utilizes exact frequency references coupled with precise synchronization: control of frequency to 1 part in 10⁸and time to less than 1 µs. In addition to performing specific functions of protecting aircraft, the time/frequency CAS provides a means for wide dissemination of submicrosecond timing. Flying clocks, which are an integral part of the airborne CAS, have been providing transcontinental and intercontinental transfer of time since 1964. CAS ground stations can serve as depositories of time and frequency derived from flying clocks, satellites, Loran-C and Omega navigation systems, or television transfer referenced to national and international time/frequency standards. Airborne relay of CAS time provides a ready means for local transfer of time to users that are not within line of sight to a ground station. Thus time and frequency can be disseminated for applications other than collision avoidance. In the process of developing the technology and originating CAS, new systems for communication, position determination, navigation, and vehicle surveillance evolved. Such systems can be structured to operate at high data rates, provide improved accuracy and use less RF spectrum than existing techniques.     

DDS技术在网同步中的应用

网同步是数字通信网的基本要求,其功能是将同步信息从基准时钟源向各个通信节点传递,让整个通信网的时钟工作于相同频率,以满足通信网络传递业务的需求。DDS是第三代频率合成技术,从相位出发,直接采用数字技术合成所需波形。这里首先介绍了网同步技术的原理,并分析了基于PLL技术的传统网同步技术的缺点,然后介绍了DDS技术的概况以及优点,最后提出了一种基于DDS技术的网同步设计方案。     

Synchronization of MIMO OFDM systems by perfect complete generalized complementary orthogonal loosely synchronous code groups

This article proposes a time/frequency synchronization algorithm in the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, in which the perfect complete generalized complementary orthogonal loosely synchronous code groups are used as the synchronization sequence. The synchronization algorithm is divided into four stages: 1) synchronization in time domain by signal autocorrelation; 2) synchronization in frequency domain by fast Fourier transform (FFT); 3) multipath dissociation using coherent detection and fine time synchronization; 4) fine frequency offset estimation by phase rotation. As per the perfect complete generalized complementary orthogonal loosely synchronous code groups, the cross-correlation and out-of-phase auto-correlation for any relative shift between any two codes is always zero. This ideal property makes the time/frequency synchronization algorithm simple and efficient. The simulation results show that even in the multipath fast fading channel with low signal noise ratio (SNR), the MIMO system can get synchronized both in the time domain and frequency domain with high stability and reliability.     

卫星导航时间传递性能的分析与比较

卫星导航系统本身具有时间传递性能,其时间传递技术包括接收机单点定位授时、两站点卫星共视和基于差分技术的相对时间同步,为分布式电子信息系统的固定站点和运动平台间的时间同步提供了高精度的时间同步手段。本文针对卫星导航多种时间传递模式的原理和性能展开分析,对GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO和Compass的时间传递性能进行对比分析。利用两套具有多系统多星座共视的载波相位时间传递技术的时间传递设备开展了长基线时间传递试验,试验结果表明利用卫星导航能够实现的1000km长基线时间传递的最佳精度可达5ns。     

ZigBee信标同步算法设计与仿真

由于受到时钟准确性和精度要求的影响,传统网络中的时间同步算法已经不能满足无线传感器网络的要求.根据ZigBee郊术的特点,研究了基于CSMA-CA机制的具有针对性的信标同步算法.给出了相应的算法分析、算法流程,以及在NS2平台中的仿真结果与性能分析,同时给出了在信标网络与非信标网络中的效果对比.     

星载寄生式InSAR系统频率同步误差分析

频率同步是星载寄生式InSAR系统的关键问题之一。根据频率源的工作特性,建立了一种新的频率源误差模型,并在该模型的基础上详细分析了频率同步误差对双站SAR成像及分布式InSAR高程测量的影响。建立了频率同步误差到干涉相位误差的传递模型,指出了星载分布式InSAR系统对频率源准确度及稳定性的要求,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,分析结果对星载分布式InSAR系统的设计具有重要意义。     

双站SAR时频同步技术

基于星载SAR照射源的双站SAR系统,由于收、发系统分置,时间同步和频率同步误差会对成像结果造成影响,甚至不能成像,因此,时频同步问题是这类系统需要解决的关键问题之一。本文首先以基于星载辐射源、接收机固定在地面的双站SAR系统为例,详细分析了时频同步误差的模型,随后提出了一种利用直达波信号脉压峰值位置和相位信息提取时频同步误差,实现系统时频同步的方法,并对该方法的估计精度进行了分析。最后,通过仿真,对时频同步方法及其性能进行了验证。根据仿真结果分析,该方法取得了较好的性能,可以有效的应用于上述双站SAR系统。      

Performance comparison of MRC and EGC on a MC-CDMA system with synchronization errors over fading channels

This work derives the average bit error rate (BER) of the uplink and downlink multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems using maximum ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC) with synchronization errors over fading channels. The derived equation can simultaneously incorporate the parameters of the fading channel and all of the synchronization errors, including frequency offset, carrier phase jitter, and timing jitter. Numerical results indicate that those two combining schemes on the uplink and downlink MC-CDMA systems are degraded by all of the normalized synchronization errors over 10⁻². The comparison outcomes between MRC and EGC reveal that the MRC generally outperforms EGC in the uplink MC-CDMA system. However, EGC achieves better performance when the number of users is small, the normalized synchronization errors are low and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is high. In the downlink system, EGC mainly outperforms MRC when the SNR and the number of users are gradually increased and the normalized synchronization errors are low. Therefore, the selection of MRC or EGC depends on the SNR, the synchronization errors and the number of users in uplink and downlink MC-CDMA systems.     

OFDM系统中同步算法的分析与比较

对近年来具有代表性的53种同步算法进行了分析和比较,指出了各自的优缺点。提出了下一步研究的方向。这对于无线通信OFDM系统中同步技术研究具有重要指导意义。     

基于新型前导符号的OFDM同步算法

在多径信道中,循环前缀最大似然估计盲OFDM同步算法的性能较差,循环前缀集相关同步算法增强了对抗多径的能力,获得了较好的同步性能,但同步时延非常大.为了缩短集相关同步算法的同步时延,设计了一种前导符号,基于此前导符号,提出了一种快速集相关运算同步算法.蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,在多径信道下,该算法比循环前缀集相关同步算法具有更好的同步性能.进一步的分析还证明本文算法的同步时延也大大缩短.     

基于前导脉冲辅助的相位调制1090ES信号载频同步算法

基于相位调制扩容1090ES信号为ADS-B带来新的功能和应用,载波频率同步是扩容信号需解决的一项关键技术。针对扩容1090ES信号的突发载频同步问题,提出了一种基于频偏捕获和相位误差跟踪环的快速同步方法,频偏捕获采用前导辅助脉冲相关性判决进行二叉树频率搜索,捕获载频偏差并校正得到频偏较小的基带信号,相位误差跟踪环实现对小频偏信号进行频率估计和补偿。仿真结果表明:该方法适用于基于相位调制的扩容1090ES信号接收系统。     

DS/FH通信系统的跳频同步技术研究

同步是DS/FH混合通信系统的关键技术之一。根据跳频系统中对同步的要求,介绍了一种适用于DS/FH混合扩频通信系统的跳频同步方法,采用同步字头和精准时间相结合的方法实现跳频同步。对同步性能进行了分析,结果表明该跳频同步方法同步时间短,捕获概率高。     

突发OFDM系统中的同步算法研究

提出了一种应用于突发OFDM通信系统的同步算法。在粗同步阶段,采用两路延迟相关结构,通过适当选择两路的延迟量和累加量,可以有效实现估计精度与方差的折中,提高小数频偏的估计精度,在细同步阶段,在FFT之后进行整数频偏和残留时偏的联合估计,利用子载波上的线性相位得到更加精确的时偏估计。仿真显示,该算法具有较高的同步精度和较快的同步速度,能够适应于突发OFDM传输系统。     

GPS: primary tool for time transfer

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is not only a navigation system, it is also a time-transfer system. As a time-transfer system it provides stability very close to one part in ten to the fourteenth over one day (1 ns/day). After a brief introduction to timekeeping terms, this paper reviews the role of GPS in time distribution and clock synchronization. The GPS coarse acquisition (C/A)-code single-frequency single-channel (one satellite) common-view (CV) time transfer is then discussed. Special consideration is given to progress in GPS C/A-code CV time and frequency transfer through the use of “all-in-view” multichannel receivers. This technique increases the number of daily observations by a factor of ten relative to conventional single-channel receivers and results in an improvement in time and frequency transfer stability by a factor of about three. Other important improvements discussed are the use of GPS carrier phase measurements and temperature-stabilized antennas. The latter reduce the daily and seasonal delay variations of GPS time-receiving equipment. The use of GLONASS as a complementary tool to GPS time transfer is also be reported. These improvements indicate that GPS, as a time-transfer system, should provide the capability to reach a stability of one part in ten to the sixteenth over one day (10 ps/day)