浅谈人性化设计在珠宝首饰中的体现

在现代社会中,从机械、服装到家具、工艺品、珠宝首饰各领域,人性化设计起着越来越大的作用,正在影响着人类生活的方方面面。其核心强调的是“以人为中心”,设计创造的成果要能充分适应和满足人的需求。本文主要就珠宝首饰“以人为中心”的设计理念进行探讨,通过人性化设计的发展、人性化设计的实现过程、珠宝人性化设计的发展历史、珠宝人性化设计的特征、人性化设计在首饰中的体现、珠宝人性化设计的发展展望等方面,详细阐述人性化设计对珠宝首饰的重要性。     

现代酒店人性化设计初探

“人性化设计”，是一个我们经常提及的理念。对于建筑空间来说，不再仅仅是一个遮风避雨的地方，更是想得到一个舒适的精神体验，一种生活质量。现代酒店设计亦如此，若想在竞争激烈的酒店行业中提脱颖而出，必须更多考虑人性化设计。文章简单阐述人性化以及人性化设计的概念，并浅析现代酒店各功能区域中人性化的设计体现。     

设计境界之天人合一

人类的设计和设计成果总是体现着一定时期人们的审美取向和伦理道德、历史文化以及情感等精神因素,这既是物的“人化”,也是人的“物化”。好的建筑,其实总是“人化”和“物化”的统一。上海设计周就“设计是为人的设计”进一步给予了阐述,认为设计的主体是人,设计的使用者和设计者也是人,因此人应是设计的中心和衡量尺度。这种尺度既包括生理尺度,又包括心理尺度,而心理尺度的满足是通过设计人性化得以实现的。从这个意义上来说,设计的人性化和人性化设计的出现,完全是设计的本质要求所使然,更决非是设计师追逐风格的结果。因为离开对人心理要求的反应和满足,设计便会偏离正轨。由此设计的人性化也已成为评判设计优劣的不变法则。     

公共空间的人性化设计——以澧水河景观为例

世界万物瞬息万变,生活节拍不断加速,生活水平提升随之对城市公共空间的需求也日益增大,更需要——以人为本、实用价值高、合理、绿色生态的公共空间。本文基于当下研究的背景、目的、意义以及国内外现状,从公共空间人性化角度入手,结合景观生态学、可持续发展等相关理论,总结和思考公共空间人性化设计与景观设计相关概念,设计理念和设计方法。     

基于人性化理念的SOHO办公家具系统设计的研究

本文从人性化的角度深入挖掘,通过分析SOHO办公家具的类别与特征、SOHO办公空间的类型与特点,SOHO人的人机、心理,行为、文化等人性化设计要点,得出SOHO办公家具人性化设计的原则和趋势,从而为SOHO办套家具的设计提供了有价值的参考。     

饰品点“亮”您的“家”

在生活水平日益提高的今天,家、家居、家具已成为人类唯一展现本我的唯一空间。“个性化”“人性化”再次成为都市艺术的追逐方向。国内外厂商记手工艺     

高校学生公寓多功能家具人性化设计初探

本文在对学生公寓的建筑格局和人性化设计的了解基础上,提出了学生公寓多功能家具的人性化设计。希望能设计出满足学生生理和心理需求的多功能家具,为高校学生提供一个良好的生活、学习、娱乐的空间。     

北方地区城市滨水空间公共服务设施人性化设计

随着我国社会政治、经济、文化水平的不断发展提高,城市居民对生活环境的质量要求不断提升,越来越多的人们走进滨水空间进行休闲、娱乐。随着空间内部人数激增,部分城市滨水空间公共服务设施人性化水平不足的问题逐渐凸显。本文通过对北方地区城市滨水空间公共服务设施设计进行分析研究,归纳总结滨水步行空间人性化设计的方法,为新时期北方地区城市滨水空间公共服务设施人性化设计改造做借鉴,营造出舒适宜人、环境优美的现代北方地区城市滨水步行空间景观环境。     

产品的人性化设计

工业设计的任务是解决“人－机－环境－社会”系统中存在的问题，其设计的出发点是人，最终使人与生存环境更为和谐。因此，产品的人性化设计意义重大。设计中应把握三个原则，即以人为中心，体现人的价值观念，把握人与社会整体的关系。进行人性化设计还要掌握需求动机要素、人机环境要素和文化审美要素。设计师应积极地用人性化设计思想指导设计实践。     

SOHO家具人性化设计的探索

SOHO是“Small Office ＆ Home Office”的首字母缩写，中文意为“小办公室，家庭办公室”，SOHO家具是办公家具发展过程中的一个分支，它除了满足使用功能外，因所处场所的不同而显现出特有个性，人性化即是这些个性中突出的一个。“人性化”不是一个具体的技术概念，而是一种设计理念。人性化是社会发展的更刘追求，它包含人情味，但并不等于人情化，人情化设计常常会以与众不同的面目出现，给人带来新奇的感受，人情化与时尚之间的联系更紧密一些。SOHO家具人性化设计就是以人为主体，关注人、关注人怀，以饱含人道主义精神的设计去打动人，让使用者获得亲切、舒适、愉悦的心理体验。[编者按]     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the