石墨烯负载金属氧化物催化剂在氧还原反应中的研究进展EI北大核心

催化剂对氧还原反应(ORR)起到至关重要的作用。近年来,人们为寻找可替代Pt金属的高性能非贵金属催化剂付出了诸多努力。过渡金属氧化物作为具备优异ORR催化活性的催化剂之一,成本低廉、储量丰富,在ORR催化领域具有巨大潜力,因而引起广泛的研究。但由于大部分过渡金属氧化物导电性差,极大地阻碍了其催化活性,所以将其负载于合适的载体上,对提高ORR性能有重要意义。石墨烯以其独特的电子特性、优异的导电性以及其他良好的物理、化学性质被广泛作为载体使用。本文综述了石墨烯负载过渡金属氧化物作为ORR催化剂的研究进展,主要从石墨烯载体分类、制备方法、过渡金属氧化物分类等多角度讨论了该类催化剂在ORR中的应用及发展前景,指出石墨烯负载过渡金属氧化物作为ORR催化剂应致力于将开发杂原子掺杂石墨烯作为载体、复合金属氧化物作为活性物质的主要发展方向,并趋向于降低制备工艺的能耗和周期,提高催化剂的性能,达到降本增效的目的。     

Co-MOF衍生Co-N-C催化剂的制备及其氧还原性能研究

金属-氮-碳(M-N-C)化合物作为非贵金属催化剂具有优异的氧还原(ORR)性能,在燃料电池和金属-空气电池等电化学能源转化方面展现了广阔的应用前景.开发出能够与贵金属铂催化剂相媲美的高效且廉价的催化剂以解决ORR缓慢动力学问题具有重要意义.选用金属有机骨架材料ZIF-67作为碳源和氮源,其中,二价钴离子、2-甲基咪唑...     

应用于氧还原反应催化剂的研究进展

燃料电池作为一种具有高能量转换效率和绿色无污染的能量转换设备,有望改善当前的高化石能源消耗的现状,推进社会绿色发展。燃料电池阴极氧还原催化剂高昂的成本及较差的电化学性能限制了其商业化进程,研究人员正在积极的开发具有高催化活性及稳定性的新型燃料电池氧还原催化剂,本文就近几年燃料电池阴极氧还原催化剂的研究进展进行了综述,并对其之后的发展方向进行了展望。     

ZIFs材料对Fe/N/C催化剂氧还原性能的影响

过渡金属/氮/碳(M/N/C)催化剂是替代铂基催化剂用于氧还原反应(ORR)的理想材料。沸石咪唑骨架(ZIFs)材料结合了无机沸石的高稳定性和MOFs材料的高比表面积、高孔隙率及可调孔结构等特点,是制备M/N/C催化剂的优良前驱体。本工作以FeSO₄·7H₂O为铁源,1,10-菲啰啉为氮源,探究不同ZIFs材料对FeN/C-Z_x催化剂ORR性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、比表面积和孔径分布测试、透射电子显微镜等对催化剂进行结构表征,使用线性扫描伏安法对催化剂ORR催化活性进行测试。结果表明：FeN/C-Z₈催化剂表现出最佳的ORR活性,具有较小的Tafel斜率(64.98 mV/dec)且反应过程是近四电子过程;在经过25 000次循环后,FeN/C-Z₈催化剂的半波电位仅有20 mV的负移,表现出良好的稳定性。FeN/C-Z₈催化剂中存在的Fe₃C化合物可有效提高催化剂的催化性能;Zn²⁺在碳化过程中挥发使FeN/...     

氮掺杂氧化石墨烯的制备及其氧还原催化性能研究

以腺嘌呤为掺杂氮源,以均苯三酸为辅助碳源,采用水热法对多层氧化石墨烯进行氮掺杂,在惰性气氛下煅烧得到氮掺杂氧化石墨烯(NGO),重点研究了腺嘌呤用量对产物的氧还原催化性能的影响。利用上海辰华电化学工作站,采用线性扫描伏安法对其氧还原催化性能进行测试分析,并利用Koutecky-Levich方程对其氧还原电子转移数进行计算。结果表明,以腺嘌呤作为氮源能够大幅度地提高氧化石墨烯的催化性能,当腺嘌呤用量为6 mmol时,所制得的氮掺杂氧化石墨烯NGO-3的催化性能最好,催化氧气还原以4e~-途径进行。     

MOF(Co)/功能化石墨烯制备高效Co-N-C型氧还原催化剂研究

以六水合硝酸钴为金属源,苯并咪唑为有机配体,对苯二胺改性氧化石墨烯(PGO)为碳载体,采用一步溶剂热法合成金属有机骨架(MOF)-PGO前躯体,经过高温处理制备了多孔Co-N-PGO催化剂。采用比表面积孔隙度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱等物理表征手段对催化剂形貌、结构以及元素形态进行表征,同时利用线性扫描伏安法和计时电流法对催化剂在碱性电解液中的氧还原(ORR)性能进行测试。结果表明,Co-N-PGO催化剂具有较高的比表面积和电化学活性面积,良好的结晶程度以及丰富的孔洞结构。此外,Co-N-PGO催化剂表现出优异的ORR催化活性,半波电位与商业Pt/C催化剂相比仅相差10mV,同时拥有更好的稳定性及抗甲醇毒化性能。根据K-L方程,Co-N-PGO催化剂在ORR过程中主要为四电子途径,与Pt/C催化剂反应机理相似。     

燃料电池阴极氧还原非铂类催化剂研究进展

燃料电池是一种能将化学能直接转化为电能的装置,具有对环境友好,能量转化率高等优点。目前,燃料电池主要以铂基催化剂为主,但铂价格昂贵,储量有限,易中毒,其商业化应用受到限制,因此开发低廉高效、来源广泛的非贵金属阴极氧还原催化剂成为研究热点。介绍了燃料电池阴极氧还原非铂类催化剂研究进展。     

CoSeO3化合物的制备及对阴极氧还原的催化性能

以Co₄(CO)₁₂和Se为原料, 采用低温回流方法在乙二醇介质中合成了CoSeO₃化合物。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和旋转圆盘电极(RDE)技术表征合成的化合物微观形貌、结构特征和电化学性能。这种化合物主要由单斜结构的CoSeO₃•H₂O晶粒组成, 粒径大小约为26.7 nm, 具有规则的晶体外形。在25℃, 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄电解液中, CoSeO₃化合物对氧还原反应(ORR)表现出明显的电催化活性, 开路电位为0.80 V(vs NHE)。根据Koutecky-Levich方程计算出每个氧分子还原过程转移的电子数约为3.8。在0.64~0.76 V(vs NHE)电位范围内, 测得催化剂的传递系数、Tafel斜率和交换电流密度分别为0.50、119 mV和1.98×10^-6 mA/cm²。CoSeO₃化合物的催化活性和电化学稳定性也与商品Pt催化剂进行了比较。     

Stabilizing Co3O4 nanorods/N-doped graphene as advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries

Tricobalt tetroxide (Co₃O₄) is one of the promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor electrical conductivity and the rapid capacity decay hamper its practical application. In this work, we design and fabricate a hierarchical Co₃O₄ nanorods/N-doped graphene (Co₃O₄/NG) material by a facile hydrothermal method. The nitrogen-doped graphene layers could buffer the volume change of Co₃O₄ nanorods during the delithium/lithium process, increase the electrical conductivity, and profit the diffusion of ions. As an anode, the Co₃O₄/NG material reveals high specific capacities of 1873.8 mA·h·g⁻¹ after 120 cycles at 0.1 A·g⁻¹ as well as 1299.5 mA·h·g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 0.5 A·g⁻¹. Such superior electrochemical performances indicate that this work may provide an effective method for the design and synthesis of other metal oxide/N-doped graphene electrode materials.     

四氧化三钴阵列材料的制备及电化学性质研究

以酸化后的高导电柔性碳布为基底,通过电化学沉积及辅助热处理技术在碳布表面均匀地生长了规整排列的四氧化三钴(Co₃O₄)纳米片材料,纳米片厚度约为15nm,片层之间相互交织,形成三维网络多孔结构。这种独特的结构不仅增加了Co₃O₄纳米材料的有效利用率,而且缩短了电解质离子的传输通道,加速了其倍率性能。期待该材料成为组装高性能柔性电容器器件的备选电极材料。     

A simple synthesis method for nanostructured Co-WC/carbon composites with enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity

Co nanoparticles (Co NPs) and nanoscale tungsten carbide (WC) are successfully synthesized simultaneously with mesoporous structured carbon black (C) using an innovative simple method, which is known as solution plasma processing (SPP), and NPs are also loaded onto carbon black at the same time by SPP. The introduction of Co NPs led to not only superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in terms of onset potential and peak potential, but also to a more efficient electron transfer process compared to that of pure WC. Co-WC/C also showed durability for long-term operation better than that of commercial Pt/C. These results clearly demonstrate that the presence of Co NPs significantly enhanced the ORR and charge transfer number of neighboring WC NPs in ORR activities. In addition, it was proved that SPP is a simple method (from synthesis of NPs and carbon black to loading on carbon black) for the large-scale synthesis of NP-carbon composite. Therefore, SPP holds great potential as a candidate for next-generation synthetic methods for the production of NP-carbon composites.     

Facile synthesis of porous nitrogen-doped holey graphene as an efficient metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Nano Research - Nitrogen-doped graphene is a promising candidate for the replacement of noble metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). The addition of pores and holes...     

Functionalized graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and chitosan matrix as metal-free catalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction

The development of new catalysts for high-performance and cost-effective oxygen reduction is crucial in the commercialization of fuel cells. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a novel metal-free catalyst, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in CTAB and chitosan matrix (CTAB/GO/MCWNT/CS), which exhibits a significant synergistic catalytic effect on oxygen reduction reaction. Compared with commercially available Pt/C catalysts, enhanced electrocatalytic activity, improved long-term operational stability, and excellent tolerance to methanol in alkaline fuel cells were observed for the novel composite catalyst.     

Interface engineering of Co3O4---SmMn2O5 nanosheets for efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

Interface engineering is an efficient strategy to modify electronic structure and further improve electrocatalytic activity. Herein, crystalline/amorphous heterostructured Co₃O₄–SmMn₂O₅ nanosheets (Co₃O₄–SMO NSs) have been synthesized by coupling of SMO (electron acceptor) with higher Fermi-level Co₃O₄ (electron donor), via a one-step hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The resulting Co₃O₄–SMO NSs display higher half-wave potential and specific activity than those of pure SMO or Co₃O₄. In addition, Co₃O₄–SMO NSs exhibit superior stability and methanol tolerance. The crystalline/amorphous heterostructure and the electron interaction between SMO and Co₃O₄ result in interfacial charge transfer. This leads to more active valence states and more oxygen vacancies, optimizing the adsorption energy of O species and expediting electron migration, thus boosting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. This study provides a promising strategy to design efficient ORR electrocatalysts by interfacial engineering.     

Active catalysts based on cobalt oxide@cobalt/N-C nanocomposites for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions

Over the past few years, electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions has undergone tremendous advances, and non-precious metal catalysts are of prime interest. In this study, we present a highly promising CoO@Co/N-C （where N-C represents a N-doped carbon material） catalyst, achieving an onset potential of 0.99 V （versus the reversible hydrogen electrode （RHE）） and a limiting current density of 7.07 mA-cm-2 （at 0.3 V versus RHE） at a rotation rate of 2,500 rpm in an O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution, comparable to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The H2--O2 alkaline fuel cell test of CoO@Co/N-C as the cathode reveals a maximum power density of 237 mW.cm 2. Detailed investigation clarifies that a synergistic effect, induced by C-N, Co-N-C, and CoO/Co moieties, is responsible for the bulk of the gain in catalytic activity.     

N-doped graphene grown on silk cocoon-derived interconnected carbon fibers for oxygen reduction reaction and photocatalytic hydrogen production

Carbon-based metal-free catalysts are a promising substitute for the rare and expensive platinum (Pt) used in the oxygen reduction reaction.We herein report N-doped graphene (NG) that is exquisitely integrated into highly conductive frameworks,simultaneously providing more active sites and higher conductivity.The NG was in situ grown on carbon fibers derived from silk cocoon (SCCf) using a simple one-step thermal treatment.The resulting product (NG-SCCf),possessing a meso-/macroporous structure with three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks,exhibits an onset potential that is only 0.1 V less negative than that of Pt/C and shows stability and methanol tolerance superior to those of Pt/C in alkaline media.Moreover,in the absence of Pt as co-catalyst,NG-SCCf shows a photocatalytic H2 production rate of 66.0 μmol·h 1·g-1,4.4-fold higher than that of SCCf.This outstanding activity is intimately related to the in situ grown NG,hierarchically porous structure,and 3D interconnected networks,which not only introduce more active sites but also enable smooth electron transfer,mass transport,and effective separation of electron-hole pairs.Considering the abundance of the green raw material in combination with easy and low-cost preparation,this work contributes to the development of advanced sustainable catalysts in energy storage/conversion fields,such as electro-and photocatalysis.     

磷氮掺杂石墨烯层封装FeP纳米颗粒的增强ORR催化性能

开发高效的非贵金属氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂来替代铂基催化剂受到了广泛关注.设计合成在碱性电解质和酸性电解质中均表现出高催化活性的非贵金属催化剂仍然是一个挑战.在本文中,我们通过前驱体热解法制备了一种纳米复合催化剂(FeP@PGL),该催化剂由氮掺杂的碳纳米片以及镶嵌在片层上的磷掺杂石墨烯层封装磷化铁(FeP)纳米颗粒组成.FeP@PGL催化剂表现出优异的ORR催化性能,在碱性介质中的起始电位和半波电势分别高达1.01 V和0.90 V vs.RHE;在酸性介质中的起始电位和半波电势分别高达0.95 V和0.81 V vs.RHE.通过详细的电子显微和谱学表征,我们发现碳纳米片基质与包裹纳米颗粒的碳包裹层存在组成的差别,磷掺杂主要发生在包裹FeP纳米颗粒的石墨烯层上.封装的FeP纳米颗粒与外层磷掺杂石墨烯层之间存在界面电荷转移,并且通过界面相互作用降低了催化剂表面的功函数.FeP和磷掺杂石墨烯层之间的界面协同作用对于增强催化剂ORR活性至关重要.本文不仅证明了封装型FeP基纳米复合催化剂在氧还原反应上的应用价值,而且为界面电荷转移效应及其在ORR过程中的作用提供了实验证据.     

金属掺杂聚吡咯碳化物PPY-M的制备及其氧还原反应电催化活性

在Fe³⁺或Co²⁺存在下进行吡咯的聚合反应, 得到金属离子掺杂的聚吡咯, 并在N₂气氛下700℃碳化, 再将该碳化产物在900℃焙烧得到含有不同金属的复合催化剂PPY-M(M为不同的金属)。采用SEM、XRD等对催化剂的结构进行了表征。通过循环伏安和线性电位扫描等电化学手段, 研究了催化剂对氧还原(ORR)的电催化活性及其稳定性。结果表明, 掺杂金属钴的催化剂的活性最好, 在酸性溶液中ORR的起始电位达到0.54 V(vs SCE),电流密度为7.5 mA/mg@-0.3 V(vs SCE); 在碱性溶液中ORR的起始电位为-0.11 V(vs SCE),电流密度为5.7 mA/mg@-0.8 V。Fe或Co掺杂的聚吡咯碳化物对ORR具有较强的电催化活性, 而且制备过程简单、成本低, 有较重要的研究意义。