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1.
The pressure drop, , across a redox flow battery is linked to pumping costs and energy efficiency, making fluid properties of the electrolyte important in scale‐up operations. The at diverse platinized titanium electrodes in Ce‐based redox flow batteries is reported as a function of mean linear electrolyte velocity measured in a rectangular channel flow cell. Darcy's friction factor and permeability vs. Reynolds number are calculated. Average permeability values are: 7.10 × 10?4 cm2 for Pt/Ti mesh, 4.45 × 10?4 cm2 for Pt/Ti plate + turbulence promoters, 1.67 × 10?5 cm2 for Pt/Ti micromesh, and 1.31 × 10?6 cm2 for Pt/Ti felt. The electrochemical volumetric mass transport coefficient, , is provided as a function of . In the flow‐by configuration, Pt/Ti felt combines high values with a relatively high , followed by Pt/Ti micromesh. Pt/Ti mesh and Pt/Ti plate gave a lower but poorer electrochemical performance. Implications for cell design are discussed. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1135–1146, 2018  相似文献   

2.
徐波  齐亮  姚克俭  谢晓峰 《化工进展》2013,32(2):313-319
为了提高全钒液流电池双极板流道电解液分布均匀性,考察流体流动行为,本文基于计算流体力学,在传统平直并联流道基础上通过增加倾斜挡板和入口流堰,改进流道结构;同时探究钒电池用电解液在分段式多通道蛇形流道内流体水力学特征。数值模拟结果表明:分段式多通道蛇形流道既可以保持传统蛇形流道流体均匀分配的性能,又能有效降低流阻,减少泵耗;合适的电解液流速及其均匀分布可以优化电解液活性物质浓度分布,提高电解液稳定性,增大钒电池能量效率。  相似文献   

3.
液流电池是一种技术比较成熟的储能系统,但因活性物质的溶解度问题影响了能量密度,由此导致的低能量密度限制了其广泛应用.为了促进液流电池的快速发展,而不影响原本液流电池所具有的相关特性,针对此缺陷而提出的氧化还原靶向反应进行详细的介绍,简述了氧化还原靶向反应的工作原理,并将对近些年此原理与液流电池结合的研究做简要的介绍,指...  相似文献   

4.
    
Sieve plate packing is a newly developed packing that has been used in several industries due to its simple structure and operating flexibility, and no liquid flooding. In this work, first, systematic experiments were conducted to measure the pressure drop of gas flow through six sieve plate packings. The results indicated that the geometric characteristics of the packing have complicated effects on the pressure drops. Based on this, CFD simulations on the gas flow field were conducted using the realizable k-ε model, and flow behaviours such as the pressure drop, pressure nephogram, and velocity distributions within different packings were obtained. The simulation results clearly showed interesting flow patterns, including the contraction and expansion of the gas stream through the sieve hole, the flow separation on the sharp edge of the hole, and the vortexes formed when gas impacts the downstream plate. By comparing the flow patterns and the pressure drop under different packings operating at different conditions, the effects of the geometric characteristics of the packing on the pressure drop could be clearly distinguished from the flow behaviours, so that the variations in pressure drop with various packing structures were clearly indicated. Finally, based on the experimental data and the simulated results, correlations for the prediction of the pressure drops were proposed. This work will provide a useful basis for understanding the flow behaviour of gas and liquid two-phase flow in sieve plate packing.  相似文献   

5.
Modifications were made to the Packed Bed Reactor Experiment (PBRE) and flown on the International Space Station as PBRE-2 to eliminate external pressure oscillations at higher liquid flow rates and the packing diameter was reduced to increase the pressure gradient for lower flows. It is found that gas hold-up is a function of bed history at low liquid and gas flow rates whereas higher gas hold-up and pressure gradients are observed for the test conditions following a liquid only pre-flow compared to the test conditions following a gas only pre-flow period. Over the range of flow rates tested, the capillary force is the dominant contributor to the pressure gradient, which is found to be linear with the superficial liquid velocity but is a much weaker function of the superficial gas velocity and varies inversely with the particle diameter.  相似文献   

6.
板翅式换热器压力特性工程计算方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
贺鹏程  庄莉  胡亮  刘刚  王瑞琪  包亚强 《化工学报》2020,71(z1):172-178
换热器是工业的基础设备,也是飞行器中的重要设备,其广泛应用于发动机、飞行器环境控制等飞机需要换热的系统中,用于维持人员舒适安全和设备高效正常运行,其准确工程设计方法影响设备及系统的可靠运行,很多换热器设计文献对其压力相关计算问题进行了详细说明,但将换热器设计和流体力学文献进行对比和分析,发现两者在一些概念和定义上存在差异,根据流体力学文献中的概念提出了相应的换热器压力特性工程计算公式。具体选取了一种空气换热器常用的锯齿翅片作为算例,不考虑散热的绝热情况,构建单流程及双流程板翅式换热器,以涵盖突扩、突缩、90°和180°局部等结构变化的压力变化特性计算,运用Halton序列进行拟Monte Carlo对一定跨度内的温度、压力、Re的单流程、双流程换热器出口条件进行计算,经过这两类换热器计算统计发现:封头压降和压力损失在整个换热器压损中占比概率情况下较小,概率密度最大在0.05附近,换热器总压降在大部分情况下较出口压力小,流体性质可按固定压力计算。  相似文献   

7.
佘铭钢  刘铮 《化工学报》2003,54(8):1044-1048
采用流体动力学方法模拟多孔介质内的电渗流动行为,探讨了电场强度、多孔介质的孔隙率等对填充床层中电渗流场、宏观电渗流动及传质特性的影响,并以羟基磷灰石电色谱、采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的离子交换电色谱及Blue Sepharose Fast Flow为介质的亲和电色谱分离过程为例将理论计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,二者吻合较好,证实了上述理论研究的正确性并显示出此方法在发展新型固-液电动分离技术中的应用前景.  相似文献   

8.
针对不同类型的锌溴液流电池通道,利用流体力学计算软件 FLUENT对流体的流动状态进行了模拟。结果表明,在相同流速条件下,直角通道和弯角通道流体的局部流速最大值都出现边壁突变处;在液流电池反应区,流体的局部流速和湍流程度的分布存在不均匀现象。通过改变进出反应区的分流通道数量和结构,可以使电解液在反应区流动均匀,改进整个流动体系的传质性能,进而使锌溴液流电池电堆的充放电性能得到提高。  相似文献   

9.
纳米流体圆管内的湍流流动特性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
采用Eulerian-Eulerian模型和Eulerian-Lagrange模型研究了TiO2-水纳米流体在水平管内的湍流流动特性,并与实验结果进行对比分析,探讨了不同模型中各种相间作用力的影响。从微流动角度探索纳米流体的流动本质,从而进一步揭示其传热强化机理。结果表明:在壁面附近,纳米颗粒与水存在着明显的速度差异,相间的动量交换十分明显,从而强化了局部微流动,导致边界层变薄。纳米颗粒在整个流场内部是不均匀分布的,使得边界层内部换热能力得到大幅度增强。纳米流体流动特性的改变是影响其强化换热的主要因素。  相似文献   

10.
旋转填充床(RPB)在强化反应、过程传质中存在巨大的潜力,但其内部复杂的流场研究仍然是一个挑战。研究流体运动对于探索传质过程至关重要,由于RPB运行需要处于高密封状态,所以限制了对RPB内部流场细节的捕捉,然而,计算流体力学(CFD)模拟为流场分析提供了有效途径。本研究提出了一种CFD模型用于研究RPB内部各个腔区的气相流动。采用多孔介质模型模拟填料区域,特别将离心旋转引入到阻力计算中,提出了一种结合转子转速的阻力系数修正方程。实验研究了不同转子转速和气体流量条件下的稳态运行过程,通过对阻力修正后的CFD模型进行迭代计算,得到了RPB的干压降,并作为关键性能指标,收敛压降值和实验结果的平均偏差仅为4.71%,最大偏差为12.24%,验证了CFD模拟的结果。基于验证后的理论模型,通过结合复式逆旋转子(CIR)结构,将内转子设置为1500 r/min,开展了进一步的转子性能研究。结果显示,RPB填料处的平均湍流动能最高提高到5.77倍,证实了结构优化在提升RPB传质和处理效率方面的可能性,为RPB强化化工行业环保设备的深入研发提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
    
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) hold great potential for large-scale, extended-duration stationary energy storage. Here, a novel computationally cost-effective hydraulic-electrical analogous model (HEAM) for fluid flow in RFBs is developed. The HEAM demonstrated that lowering the electrode compression and enhancing the channel area lowers the pump power loss independent of the flow fields and electrodes. Additionally, the HEAM helped elucidate the deficiencies of flow distribution in interdigitated flow fields (IFFs) and suggested designing wider manifolds and/or shorter channels improve the flow distribution. Moreover, the HEAM suggested shallower and/or wider channels, and more permeable electrodes enhance the flow penetration rate above the channels. Finally, the HEAM showed that the average penetration depth in the electrode above the ribs (hpen) was the critical parameter in the fluid-flow modeling of IFFs and was inversely proportional to the permeability. Hence, there is a trade-off between the pump power loss and hpen when configuring electrode permeability.  相似文献   

12.
统筹考虑纤维结构特性、纤维排布及纤维层数等因素,基于MATLAB编写控制程序,建立褶型纤维过滤介质微观尺寸模型,并计算过滤介质固体体积分数?,采用数值模拟方法获取微观尺寸下过滤风速v与压力损失Δp之间的数学关联式,进而获取介质的粘性阻力系数C1。在此基础上,建立褶型纤维过滤介质宏观尺寸模型,基于微观尺寸模拟得到的?及C1,采用数值模拟的方法得到宏观尺寸下迎面风速u与Δp之间的数学关联式,并将数学关联式与多个经验公式进行对比。结果表明,褶型纤维过滤介质内纤维排列方式及介质厚度对Δp有影响,但对C1等性质参数影响不大;微观尺寸研究得到的参数可以为宏观尺寸研究提供指导,微观结构与宏观结构性质参数可以沿用。本研究结果对拓展纤维过滤介质的研究方法及优化其结构具有重要理论及实际意义。  相似文献   

13.
The combination of interdigitated flow fields (IDFF) with porous electrodes offers lower pressure drop and better performance than conventional flow‐through porous electrodes in redox flow batteries. Comprehensive three‐dimensional and simplified one‐dimensional + two‐dimensional models describing flow uniformity and pressure losses within flow through, parallel, and interdigitated flow fields were developed and used to demonstrate the benefits of IDFF. Analytical solutions for IDFF that compare favorably with computational fluid dynamics quantify the trade between pressure loss and velocity maldistribution both along the channels and within the electrode. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3746–3755, 2018  相似文献   

14.
赵成明  谢晓峰 《化工学报》2012,(Z2):132-135
利用Cluster-Continuum模型,通过B3LYP方法计算出VO2+/VO2+电对的第一溶剂化层的水分子数分别为3和5个,并得到了水溶液中VO2+、VO2+离子的溶剂化自由能。利用此计算数值并通过热力学计算推算出VO2+/VO2+电对的标准反应电势为1.29 V,与理论值相差不大。这表明利用Cluster-Continuum模型可以较为准确地描述VO2+、VO2+离子的溶剂化作用。  相似文献   

15.
全钒液流电池模拟与仿真研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
全钒液流电池(VRB)的模拟和仿真是电池系统设计、放大、控制和优化的基础。根据VRB模型的复杂程度,本文详细介绍了VRB经验和半经验模型的研究内容,重点分析了近年来发展迅速的机理模型研究,对比分析了每个模型的优缺点,指出了VRB模拟和仿真未来的研究方向主要是建立接近真实的模型以及与实际运行控制系统联合,同时模拟仿真的实体也应从单电池向电堆、模块和电池系统发展。  相似文献   

16.
多孔介质/纯流体耦合区域内可压缩气体的流动   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
张锡文  李亨  姚朝晖 《化工学报》2003,54(9):1209-1214
采用统一形式的修正N-S方程描述多孔介质/纯流体耦合区域的流动,提出了方程中用于处理多孔介质内流动的源项确定方法,并利用成熟的CFD技术对圆管内具有前后台阶的耦合区域内可压缩气体的流动进行了数值模拟,得到了与实验吻合的计算结果.  相似文献   

17.
规整填料干塔压降与波纹齿角的关系   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
罗淑娟  宋新月  费维扬 《化工学报》2007,58(11):2764-2769
研究了规整填料压降和波纹齿角的关系,以期探索强化传统规整填料性能的新途径。干填料层压降可分解为3部分:气流在交叉单元碰撞所产生的压降,气流在填料层间改变方向所产生的压降以及塔壁区摩擦力所产生的压降。用计算流体力学(CFD)计算了这3部分压降。结果表明,当波纹齿角从90°减小到20°时,干填料层压降大幅度下降。实验数据也验证了CFD模拟计算结果。  相似文献   

18.
佘铭钢  刘铮 《化工学报》2003,54(8):1037-1043
采用周期性空间模型描述多孔介质,根据电动力学理论及计算流体动力学方法对多孔介质内的电渗流动行为进行数值模拟,得到多孔介质孔内与颗粒表面可视化的流场,并对比了多孔介质中压力场驱动与电场驱动的流体流动特性,显示出电渗在强化固体表面流体流动所具有的优势.  相似文献   

19.
刘震  杜华东  胡旭  姬忠礼 《化工学报》2021,72(5):2669-2679
为探究高压工况下天然气滤芯的过滤性能变化规律及影响因素,选取了四种规格的滤芯为研究对象,开展了现场实验和实验室性能测试。发现在现场运行410 d后,四种滤芯的压差平均增长约20%,在相同气固过滤实验条件下压差增长速率更大,而四种滤芯的过滤效率和品质因子的差异相对缩小。高压工况下过滤材料压缩了7%~31%,大量颗粒嵌入过滤材料或沉积在表面,各过滤层的透气度普遍下降,而抗拉强度均有所上升。结果表明,选用孔径分布均匀的纤维材料、过滤精度梯级设计的复合材料,对过滤层打褶以及采用导流式骨架,均有助于滤芯在高压运行工况下长周期稳定可靠运行。  相似文献   

20.
The graphite plate is easily suffered from corosion because of CO2 evolution when it acts as the positive electrode for vanadium redox flow battery. The aim is to obtain the initial potential for gas evolution on a positive graphite electrode in 2 mol dm−3 H2SO4 + 2 mol dm−3 VOSO4 solution. The effects of polarization potential, operating temperature and polarization time on extent of graphite corrosion are investigated by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The surface characteristics of graphite electrode before and after corrosion are examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the gas begins to evolve on the graphite electrode when the anodic polarization potential is higher than 1.60 V vs saturated calomel electrode at 20 °C. The CO2 evolution on the graphite electrode can lead to intergranular corrosion of the graphite when the polarization potential reaches 1.75 V. In addition, the functional groups of COOH and CO introduced on the surface of graphite electrode during corrosion can catalyze the formation of CO2, therefore, accelerates the corrosion rate of graphite electrode.  相似文献   

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