共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
基于英国标准BS7910中的三级评定规程(3C),采用SC.ENG (表面裂纹工程估算方法) J 积分工程估算方法对承受纯弯曲载荷作用的管道环焊缝表面裂纹进行塑性撕裂评定.以X56钢管道环焊缝内表面缺陷为算例,讨论了选用 J 参量进行含缺陷结构的塑性撕裂评定时,裂纹尺寸和断裂评定参量选取对评定曲线及评定结果的影响规律,提出了在J积分评定中选择参量J mat确定评定点较Jg更趋合理.研究内容不仅对管线铺设安全评价具有指导作用,而且对含缺陷结构的塑性撕裂评定在工程上的应用具有推广和借鉴价值. 相似文献
2.
针对卷积神经网络(CNN)应用于焊缝探伤图像识别时,目标区域占比小,局部信息冗余,激活函数小于零时出现硬饱和区导致模型对输入变化较敏感、网络参数难以训练的问题,采用超像素分割算法(SLIC)和改进的ELU激活函数构建CNN模型进行焊缝探伤图像缺陷识别. 首先,在CNN模型中使用ELU激活函数,在缓解梯度消失时对输入噪声产生更好的鲁棒性,同时,利用SLIC算法对图像像素进行像素块处理的特点,增大焊缝探伤图像中感兴趣区域的占比,降低局部冗余信息,提高模型在训练过程中的特征提取能力. 通过对焊缝探伤图像感兴趣区域提取并与所述CNN模型进行对比试验. 结果表明,该方法在焊缝探伤图像特征提取、训练耗时及识别准确率方面较传统卷积神经网络有更好的表现. 相似文献
3.
超声无损检测已被广泛用来检测材料内部的缺陷,然而对缺陷性质的识别始终是检测的难点,为此研究了一种基于超声信号和图像融合的焊缝缺陷识别新方法.该方法充分利用检测数据,通过对缺陷回波信号特征与缺陷形态特征的数据融合,实现了焊缝缺陷的有效识别.利用自主研制的超声成像手动检测系统对含有气孔、夹渣、裂纹、未焊透和未熔合五类典型焊接缺陷的焊件进行了检测,分别提取缺陷的超声回波信号特征和缺陷图像的形态特征,构建神经网络实现超声信号和图像特征的数据融合.结果表明,该方法实现了多类缺陷的识别,提高了缺陷识别率,有助于焊缝质量评定. 相似文献
4.
An automated radiographic NDT system for weld inspection is developed. The entire system consists of two major components: weld extraction and flaw detection. Welds are first extracted from digitized radiographic images. The extracted welds are then processed by flaw detection algorithms to determine their qualities. This paper describes the weld extraction methodology, which forms the first part of the system. An example is used to illustrate the working of the methodology. The methodology is concluded to be effective for weld extraction after being successfully tested with 25 images. 相似文献
5.
T. Warren Liao 《NDT & E International》2009,42(4):229-239
This paper presents new results of our continuous effort to develop a computer-aided radiographic weld inspection system. The focus of this study is on improving accuracy by feature selection. To this end, we propose two versions of ant colony optimization (ACO)-based algorithms for feature selection and show their effectiveness to improve the accuracy in detecting weld flaws and the accuracy in classifying weld flaw types. The performances of ACO-based methods are compared with that of no feature selection and that of sequential forward floating selection, which is a known good feature selection method. Four different classifiers, including nearest mean, k-nearest neighbor, fuzzy k-nearest neighbor, and center-based nearest neighbor, are employed to carry out the tasks of weld flaw identification and weld flaw type classification. 相似文献
6.
应用刃口堆焊修补失效冲裁模 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从冲模磨损表面的分析上,提出采用刃口堆焊技术进行模具刃口表面磨损修补的具体方法,介绍了堆焊前的准备工艺、焊条如何选择、焊接过程如何控制以及焊后的机械加工方法。同时分析了刃口堆焊缺陷,提出防止缺陷的方法。结果表明:此方法在修补失效冷冲模是很实用的,对中小型企业在降低模具制造成本和生产周期有着很大的实用价值。 相似文献
7.
The visualization technique using an infrared radiometer has been widely used to estimate the two-dimensional temperature distribution on a surface. Infrared radiometry is a nondestructive remote sensing technique and is applicable to various engineering problems such as invisible flaw detection, heat transfer measurement and so on. It is important to analyse its fundamental characteristics to establish a practical technique of measuring temperature. We therefore discuss them experimentally using infrared radiometers with three detection wavelength bands. The radiative properties near ambient conditions are proposed for various non-metal surfaces, where the grey-body approximation may be applied. 相似文献
8.
It is necessary to detect suspected defect regions in the radiographic weld images to find the type of flaw and its causative factors. This requires processing of radiographic images by a suitable approach. This paper presents an approach to process these radiographic weld images of the weld specimens considering morphological aspects of the image. The proposed approach first determines the flaw boundaries by applying the Canny operator after choosing an appropriate threshold value. The boundaries are then fixed using a morphological image processing approach i.e. dilating few similar boundaries and eroding some irrelevant boundaries decided on the basis of pixel characteristics. The flaws detected by this approach are categorized according to their properties. 相似文献
9.
An automated radiographic NDT system for weld inspection has been developed. The entire system consists of two major components: weld extraction and flaw detection. Part I of the system implemented a weld extraction methodology, which has been presented in a previous paper. This paper presents Part II of the system dealing with the detection of welding flaws. The flaw detection methodology is developed based on the fitted line profiles of a weld image and consists of four modules: preprocessing, curve fitting, profile-anomaly detection, and postprocessing. The successful detection rate and false alarm rate of the methodology are reported based on the test results of 24 representative welds. 相似文献
10.
11.
电磁超声技术利用洛伦兹力或磁致伸缩原理在金属或磁性材料中激发出超声波,它是一种超声无损检测新技术。相对于其他无损检测技术而言,电磁超声具有所有的超声检测的优势。声波的激发发生在材料的表面而不是在传感器内部。所以它与传统的基于压电换能器的超声检测相比,具有无需耦合剂、可非接触、可适用于超低温或超高温环境、有利于工业自动化以及可方便有效地实现横波检测及导波检测等优势。Innerspec Technologies公司致力于电磁超声技术的研发和应用,在近十几年中开发了150多台工业在线电磁超声检测系统,广泛应用于钢铁、汽车制造、石油天然气管道和压力容器等领域。作为一种超声波技术,电磁超声可以应用于各种厚度测量、缺陷检测以及材料表征。举例讨论了电磁超声在焊缝检测中的应用。第一个应用是利用导波对激光拼焊板的检测。第二个应用是电阻焊钢管的在线检测。利用沿着周向传播的超声导波对焊缝进行检测,克服了由于焊缝位置偏转对传统超声焊缝检测设备带来的困难。第三个应用是水平横波以及多通道电磁超声相控阵技术实现奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的检测。 相似文献
12.
13.
针对钢轨闪光对焊的特点,根据GAAS80/580焊机记录的压力、电流和动端位移随时间而变化的曲线,从中提取了10个主要影响接头灰斑面积的特征参数作为BP神经网络预测模型的输入量,建立了钢轨闪光对焊接头的灰斑面积预测模型.采用粒子群算法优化了BP神经网络的权值和阈值,并利用优化后的BP网络模型对接头灰斑面积进行了预测.结果表明,提取的特征参数能较好地反映焊接接头灰斑情况,粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络预测模型能较准确地预测出焊接接头灰斑面积. 相似文献
14.
煤矿液压缸环焊缝缺陷超声成像检测系统的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在液压支架制造企业的实际生产中,采用A型超声探伤仪,以传统的手动方式检测液压缸对接环焊缝质量,存在效率低、可靠性差等问题。为了克服手动超声检测方式的缺点和不足,保证焊接质量,研制了一种以数字超声探伤仪为基础,计算机为核心,现有自动焊接装置为工件装夹平台的超声成像检测系统。介绍了该系统的总体设计、硬件组成和软件结构,并利用含有人工缺陷的无缝钢管试样对系统进行了试验验证。结果表明,该系统实现了液压缸环焊缝检测的自动化、数字化和图像化,为缺陷的自动定量、定位和智能识别奠定了良好地基础。系统功能的进一步完善以及在实际生产中的应用,将大大提高超声检测的可靠性和效率,从而解决液压缸环焊缝质量检验的难题。 相似文献
15.
高温过热器安全门是电站锅炉运行过程中一个重要的保护设施,在运行过程中承受较高的温度和压力,其安装质量对机组的安全运行起着重大的影响.在机组的建设过程中,合理的焊接方案、热处理方案和质量检验是安装质量的重要保证.考虑焊缝的重要性和两种母材的材质特性以及较大的壁厚,制定了一套两次焊接、两次探伤的施工方案,保证了焊接质量,提高了机组运行的可靠性. 相似文献
16.
在进行一次纤维素根焊的工艺评定试验的过程中,对取样进行刻槽锤断实验时,发现采用纤维素打底焊容易产生一种特殊的根部未熔合缺陷.通过分析试样的取样部位和刻槽锤断试样断口的特点,发现产生缺陷的原因是焊接工艺参数选择不合理;焊工未能很好地掌握纤维素焊条与其他低氢型焊条相区别的特性,运条不合理或操作手法不熟练.根据缺陷产生的原因,找出了解决这种特殊的根部未熔合缺陷产生的方法,提高了纤维素根焊的焊接质量. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.