绿豆皮抗氧化物质的提取及初步分析

通过分析提取溶剂、料液比、温度、时间等因素,采用正交实验优化了绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取工艺。结果表明,甲醇溶液对绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取效果最好;温度和甲醇浓度对抗氧化物质溶出有明显影响;绿豆皮抗氧化物质提取最佳条件为:75℃,45%甲醇,料液比1∶100,2h;绿豆皮中约50%的抗氧化物质为黄酮物质,并且可能主要是黄酮类和黄酮醇类物质。      

Rice hull smoke extract inactivates Salmonella Typhimurium in laboratory media and protects infected mice against mortality

A previously characterized rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) was tested for bactericidal activity against Salmonella Typhimurium using the disc-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of RHSE was 0.822% (v/v). The in vivo antibacterial activity of RHSE (1.0%, v/v) was also examined in a Salmonella-infected Balb/c mouse model. Mice infected with a sublethal dose of the pathogens were administered intraperitoneally a 1.0% solution of RHSE at four 12-h intervals during the 48-h experimental period. The results showed that RHSE inhibited bacterial growth by 59.4%, 51.4%, 39.6%, and 28.3% compared to 78.7%, 64.6%, 59.2%, and 43.2% inhibition with the medicinal antibiotic vancomycin (20 mg/mL). By contrast, 4 consecutive administrations at 12-h intervals elicited the most effective antibacterial effect of 75.0% and 85.5% growth reduction of the bacteria by RHSE and vancomycin, respectively. The combination of RHSE and vancomycin acted synergistically against the pathogen. The inclusion of RHSE (1.0% v/w) as part of a standard mouse diet fed for 2 wk decreased mortality of 10 mice infected with lethal doses of the Salmonella. Photomicrographs of histological changes in liver tissues show that RHSE also protected the liver against Salmonella-induced pathological necrosis lesions. These beneficial results suggest that the RHSE has the potential to complement wood-derived smokes as antimicrobial flavor formulations for application to human foods and animal feeds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The new antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory rice hull derived liquid smoke has the potential to complement widely used wood-derived liquid smokes as an antimicrobial flavor and health-promoting formulation for application to foods.     

The omnipotent suppressor SUP45 affects nucleic acid metabolism and mitochondrial structure

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains sensitive to a variety of drugs were used to select for novobiocin-resistant mutants that were simultaneously temperature-sensitive. The mutants remained as sensitive as the parent strains to a wide range of drugs other than novobiocin, and did not exhibit any suppression of suppressible auxotrophic markers. At the non-permissive temperature, the mutant cells arrested mainly as unbudded cells, and were instantly defective in DNA and RNA synthesis, but not protein synthesis. The cloned wild-type gene was identified as SUP45, which has been previously implicated in the translation process. Our results suggest that SUP45 may have a function in addition to, or different from, the one that has been assigned to it previously.     

Influence of calcium and phosphorus feeding on markers of bone metabolism in transition cows

A study was carried out to verify the effect of Ca and P levels on production, digestibility, and serum bone metabolism biomarkers in dairy cows. Fifty-two nonlactating multiparous cows (≥3 lactations) were confined in a free-stall barn approximately 20 d before calving. A standard close-up diet was fed to cows once daily until d 2 postpartum. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial approach averaging 0.64% Ca for high Ca (HCa), 0.46% Ca for low Ca (LCa), 0.47% P for high P (HP), and 0.38% P for low P (LP) on a dry matter basis. Experimental diets were fed twice daily from 3 d in milk (DIM) until 31 DIM. Intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk samples were collected on d 28, 29, and 30 postpartum for components analyses. Blood samples were drawn 10 d before expected calving, at calving, and at 15 and 30 DIM for serum analyses of osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone accretion, and pyridinoline, a biomarker of bone resorption. Total fecal collection was conducted when cows in a block averaged 20 DIM. Intake and production traits were not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatments. Cows averaged nearly 21 kg/d dry matter intake and 44 kg/d milk yield from 6 to 31 DIM. There were no significant differences across treatments in body weight or body condition score loss. Phosphorus intake, P fecal output, P digestibility, and P apparent absorption were affected by dietary P content. Calcium intake was higher with HCa, but Ca fecal output, digestibility, and apparent absorption showed an interaction between dietary Ca and dietary P. Calcium fecal output was 100.6 g/d for cows fed HCaHP, intermediate for cows on the HCaLP diet (89 g/d), and similar among cows fed the 2 LCa diets (70 g/d with LCaHP and 75 with LCaLP). There was no significant effect of Ca or P on osteocalcin measurements. Pyridinoline concentrations were affected by dietary Ca levels and tended to have a significant dietary Ca × dietary P interaction. Phosphorus apparent digestibility occurred independently of dietary Ca levels. Results of this study suggest that more bone was mobilized in cows fed LCa diets, but excess dietary P caused greater and prolonged bone mobilization regardless of dietary Ca content.     

Enzyme and high pressure assisted extraction of tricin from rice hull and biological activities of rice hull extract

Food Science and Biotechnology - Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed in conjunction with high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) treatment to extract tricin from rice hull. Enzymatic hydrolysis performed...     

Deep-sea water supplementation and swimming exercise improves bone metabolism in growing rats fed a high-fat diet

This study was examined the effects of deepsea water (DSW) supplementation and swimming exercise on bone metabolism in growing male rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomly divided into high-fat diet sedentary (HS, n=8) or exercised group (HE, n=8) and DSW supplemented sedentary (DS, n=8) or exercised group (DE, n=8), given a high fat diet to all groups for 8 weeks. In the results, serum osteocalcin level of the DS was significantly lower than that of the HS (p<0.01). In addition, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), tibial bone mineral content (BMC), and breaking force of the DS were significantly higher than that of the HS (p<0.05). Furthermore, femoral BMD and tibial weight of DE were significantly higher than that of the HE (p<0.05). These results suggest that drinking deep-sea water and exercise has a crucial role for prevent osteoporosis and increase peak bone mass in growing male rats.     

苦瓜皂甙对小鼠血糖代谢的影响

本研究的目的是采用高血糖模型小鼠观察不同剂量苦瓜皂甙对血糖代谢的影响。雄性昆明小鼠分为4组,即低中高剂量组和对照组,每组12只。每日分别灌饲120、240和720mg/kgbw苦瓜皂甙和蒸馏水30天。实验结果表明,不同剂量苦瓜皂甙对正常小鼠空腹血糖无影响。与模型对照组相比,低、中、高剂量苦瓜皂甙能明显降低四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖水平(p0.01),且灌胃葡萄糖后苦瓜皂甙低、中、高剂量组葡萄糖曲线下面积也小于模型对照组(p0.05或p0.01)。试验结果显示苦瓜皂甙具有辅助降小鼠血糖的功能。     

The effects of dietary supplementation with Yucca schidigera extract or fractions thereof on nitrogen metabolism and gastrointestinal fermentation processes in the rat

Yucca schidigera was fractionated with butan-1-ol, yielding a butanol-extractable (BE) fraction, containing all the in vitro antimicrobial activity, and the aqueous, non-butanol-extractable (NBE) fraction. Four groups of five female rats (12 weeks old) were allowed ad libitum access to diets supplemented with water (control) or 200 mg kg⁻¹ total Y schidigera (TOT) or its fraction equivalent of NBE or BE for 64 days. The effects of the fractions and their interactions in the TOT treatment were analysed according to the factorial experimental structure by two-way ANOVA. NBE reduced serum urea (-50%, P=0·019) and ammonia (-46%, P=0·037) concentrations, serum/urine concentration quotients of urea (-79%, P=0·009) and ammonia (-57%, P=0·002). NBE also reduced hindgut acetate/propionate (-12%, P=0·007) but increased faecal ammonia concentration (+87%, P=0·039). BE reduced hindgut indoles (-25%, P=0·023) and interacted synergystically with NBE in the TOT treatment to further reduce hindgut acetate/propionate by 6% (P=0·006). NBE increased (+27%, P=0·002) and BE decreased (-57%, P=0·005) hindgut urease activity levels, resulting in essentially no change (+4%) in the TOT treatment. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Y schidigera is an unlikely explanation for most of its effects in vivo because these are caused by NBE and in vitro antimicrobial activity is exclusive to BE. Sarsasapogenin and smilagenin were also exclusive (>98%) to BE and cannot account for the effects of Y schidigera on N metabolism. © 1998 SCI.     

茯砖茶水提物对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的影响 及其抗氧化作用的研究

目的考察茯砖茶的降血脂及肝保护作用。方法用高脂饲料饲喂小鼠建立高脂血症动物模型,以不同剂量(50 mg/kg·BW、150 mg/kg·BW、300 mg/kg·BW)茯砖茶水提物给小鼠每天灌胃,连续4周后检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。同时观察其对肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、体重、肝体比及肝组织病理变化的影响。结果结果显示,与模型组相比,茯砖茶水提物可呈剂量依赖性地降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C的水平,提高HDL-C的含量。茯砖茶水提物还可以显著降低小鼠体重、肝体比及肝组织中MDA含量,极显著提高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD活性,并减轻了肝脏的脂肪变性程度。结论茯砖茶水提物有较明显地改善脂质代谢和抗氧化的作用。     

绿豆皮纤维素的超声波-微波联合辅助提取及其性质研究

以绿豆皮为原料,采用超声波-微波联合辅助碱法提取其中的纤维素,研究了Na OH质量分数、Na OH添加量、超声波-微波联合作用时间、微波功率及脱色时间这5个因素对绿豆皮纤维素得率、膨胀力及持水力的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对绿豆皮纤维素的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:与碱提取法、超声波或微波单独辅助碱提取法相比,超声波-微波联合辅助碱提取法能够有效的提高绿豆皮纤维素的得率并改善其理化性质。通过单因素试验得到了绿豆皮纤维素提取的最佳工艺条件:Na OH质量分数10%、Na OH添加量15 m L/g、超声波-微波联合作用时间15 min、微波功率300 W、脱色时间90 min,在此条件下,获得的绿豆皮纤维素得率为44.91%,膨胀力为4.01 m L/g,持水力为7.16 g/g。绿豆皮纤维素的红外光谱分析结果表明,超声波-微波联合辅助碱法提取的绿豆皮纤维素特征峰没有发生明显变化,且木质素残留较少。本研究结果可以为废弃绿豆皮的再利用提供参考。     

Placental markers of folate-related metabolism in preeclampsia

The etiology and degree of clinical symptoms of preeclampsia depend on genotypic and phenotypic maternal and trophoblast factors, and elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are one of the pathogenetic factors of preeclampsia. To assess the impact of the folate-related metabolism, we characterized the indices of this metabolism in 40 samples from uncomplicated term placentas and 28 samples from preeclamptic pregnancies by quantifying the total content of folate, methionine (Met), Hcy and related cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) in compliance with the 677 C/T genotype of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The prevalence of MTHFR genotypes was not significantly different between the two groups. The polymorphism of MTHFR was not unambiguously connected with the content of total placental Met, Hcy and related cysteine, and GSH either in uncomplicated or in complicated pregnancies. By contrast, the combination of the heterozygous MTHFR genotype with folate deficiency in the samples from preeclamptic pregnancies was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the Met content, a trend toward increased Hcy levels and a tight association between metabolically directly and indirectly related compounds, e.g. positive relation between Hcy versus cysteine and folate versus GSH and negative relation between folate versus Hcy and both Hcy and cysteine versus GSH. We demonstrated the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in human placenta at term by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, for the first time, and confirmed its catalytic activity and the accumulation of cysteine and CBS in placental explants cultivated in the presence of elevated Hcy concentrations. We suggest that disturbance in placental folate-related metabolism may be one of the pathogenetic factors in preeclampsia.     

Red bean extract reduces inflammation and increases survival in a murine sepsis model

This study used in vitro and in vivo experimental models to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the butanol fraction of red bean ethanol extract (BF-RBEE), which contains the biologically active molecule catechin-7-β-d-glucopyranoside. Treatment with BF-RBEE inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages through suppression of extracellular signalregulated kinase and IκBα activation. In an in vivo murine sepsis model, oral administration of BF-RBEE improved mouse survival. Specifically, the survival rate of mice injected with LPS was 0 and 40% in ICR and BALB/c mice, respectively, whereas the survival of mice co-treated with BF-RBEE was 100% in both mouse types. This increase in survival with the BF-RBEE administration was correlated with decreased tumor-necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ and increased interleukin-10. Oral administration of BF-RBEE also inhibited total and ovalbumin-specific IgE production in experimental mice. These results suggest the possible usefulness of red beans in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.     

Anti-obesity role of adzuki bean extract containing polyphenols: in vivo and in vitro effects

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of polyphenol‐rich adzuki bean extract on lipid metabolism, triglyceride accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: For the in vivo study, rats were divided into four groups: group C was fed a control diet, group A was fed the control diet with 1% adzuki bean extract, group CF was fed a high fat diet, and group AF was fed a high fat diet with 1% adzuki bean extract. For the in vitro study, the ability of adzuki bean extract to suppress triglyceride incorporation, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity and inflammatory response was investigated in cultured human adipocytes. Data from the animal study showed that adzuki bean extract improved lipid metabolism in both the normal and high‐fat diet groups. Adzuki bean extract treatment in the high‐fat group resulted in significant reductions in total hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid secretion into the feces. Incubation of adipocytes with adzuki bean extract significantly decreased triglyceride accumulation, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity and inflammatory responses without affecting cell viability. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that adzuki bean extract has high potential to serve as a natural anti‐obesity agent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation and tentative identification of a new constituent of bourbon vanilla bean extract

Separation of a fragrant 5-piperidone compound, containing three methyl groups and also of methylbenzoate from bourbon vanilla bean extract was achieved by liquid chromatography and by gas-liquid partition chromatography, respectively.     

Effect of mung bean ethanol extract on pro-inflammtory cytokines in LPS stimulated macrophages

The anti-inflammatory effect of mung bean ethanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages (J774) was evaluated. The mung bean extract was separated into 5 fractions by normal phase silica gel column chromatography and the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined after incubation with each fraction in LPS stimulated macrophages. All pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were remarkably decreased in the cells treated with 3.7 mg/mL of F3 fraction. The active F3 fraction did not show any cytotoxcity according to propidium iodide staining and no inhibitory effects on J774 cell proliferation were observed by MTT assay. The active fraction contained gallic acid, vitexin, and isovitexin as major components.