真空低温油炸食品生产及设备

一般油炸食品在加工过程中发生的实质性变化远胜于其脱水干制的要求,故认为这种过程不属于食品干制范围,称为油炸.食品真空低温油炸时由于真空的存在,使脱水占有相当地位,因此与原有意义的油炸有所不同.油炸与脱水作用的有机结合,使该种新的加工工艺有其独道之处.其产品在国外大受欢迎,存在着巨大市场.近年国内已见到由引进设     

几类食品保鲜新技术

食品保鲜是一项既实用又迫切需要解决的难题,致力于研究该技术的外国科学家不断推出新的食品保鲜方法.与传统保鲜方法相比较,现代保鲜正朝着处理简便、保鲜期长不改变食品原有的风味、低能耗、无毒无害方向发展.     

调理食品高效油炸的研究进展

作者主要介绍了调理食品的常压油炸技术和真空油炸技术。阐述了常压油炸、真空油炸技术、微波常压油炸技术在调理食品中的应用现状,详述了高效油炸设备的国内外研究进展,阐明了常压油炸和真空油炸技术在调理食品中存在的问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

食品低温干燥新技术

利用干燥空气作为干燥介质的低温干燥对热敏性食品干燥有许多优点。本文详细介绍了新型干燥系统一吸附干燥系统及吸附干燥的影响因素。     

微生物控制的新技术

食品工业界在继续发展现有控制微生物控制方法的同时,正研究新技术以保证食品的微生物安全,同时也为消费者提供稍需加工或不需加工的高质量食品。这些年,辐照、高强度电子场、脉冲光、紫外线、高压加工和臭氧已作为消灭微生物的非加热方法。然而,在商业上运用这些技术仅在最近几年。尽管这些新技术以及其它方法看起来能达到预期结果,但通常也受到限制而不能应用于实际生产。因此在现有食品加工中采用上述新技术时,必须理解每个方法的优点、缺点和由那些要求。     

新技术在功能食品开发中的应用

本文介绍了生物技术、膜技术、冷杀菌技术、超临界流体萃取、超微粉碎、层析分离、冷冻干燥、微胶囊技术在功能食品开发中的应用。     

新技术与食品工程

近年,新技术在食品工程上掀起了一场革命。这些技术主要有:双轴挤压机技术、超高压处理技术、超临界流体萃取技术、膜分离技术、电磁波利用技术、生物技反应器技术、真空技术、冻结技术、干燥新技术、微粉碎技术、微胶囊技术、杀菌技术、包装技术等等。对于这些世纪之交的食品工程新技术,认识其原理、现状和问题,对发展我国食品工业很有必要。     

肉食品保鲜新技术

在肉类食品的货架期角是生产流通业瓶颈的今天，各种新型的食品保鲜技术也在不断涌现，含气烹调保鲜、天然保鲜剂的开发以及栅栏理论的应用，为我们打开了新的视野。     

Use of hydrogenated rapeseed oil for French frying in household fryers

Both solid and liquid partially hydrogenated rapeseed oils were tested for deep intermittent French frying in a household fryer. The frying time could be estimated on the basis of viscosity or trichromatic colour changes, or of the content of polar compounds in frying oil. Still better results were obtained by combining several variables and their combinations in one expression. The frying time could be determined by means of an expression based on sensory profiles of French fries. The regressions were different for different oils used for frying.     

白酒杂醇油酯化酶的高效表达

该研究提取具有酯化杂醇油能力的近平滑假丝酵母（Candida parapsilosis）的总RNA,逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）得到酯化酶的编码序列,构建重组质粒并转化至毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）,筛选得到高效表达杂醇油酯化酶的毕赤酵母转化子,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）结果显示毕赤酵母转化子表达了分子质量为50 kDa酯化酶。酯化酶在30 ℃酯化底物1 d,乙酸正丙酯含量为14.38 mg/100 mL,乙酸异丁酯含量为5.93 mg/100 mL,乙酸异戊酯含量为2.09 mg/100 mL。高效表达杂醇油酯化酶的毕赤酵母转化子对小曲白酒和液态酿造蒸馏酒的品质提升具有重要的实际意义。     

Efficient degumming of crude canola oil using ultrafiltration membranes and bio-derived solvents

Vegetable oils derived from rapeseed and its genetic variant canola, are conventionally extracted from oilseeds by means of an organic solvent, typically hexane. Concerns regarding the toxicity of hexane have meant safer and more environmentally friendly solvents such as terpenes are becoming attractive. In this research, the degumming of canola oil/terpene mixtures using ultrafiltration is considered as a critical step in such an extraction process. Polysulfone (PSF) and polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were found to be ineffective in this application, as the oil appeared to cause swelling of the membrane structure. This meant that the original flux could not be restored after cleaning. Conversely, a ceramic membrane (MWCO 5 kDa) provided stable behaviour over several cycles of operation when cleaned with pure solvent at high cross-flow velocity at 40 °C. This membrane showed high phospholipid retention (95 ± 2%), although some oil was also retained (16 ± 3%). Cymene emerged as the most attractive of the three terpenes tested, with higher permeate flux and phospholipid rejection than limonene or pinene.Industrial relevanceWhile hexane has been traditionally used for oilseed extraction, toxicity concerns are likely to restrict its industrial use in the future. This article provides information to engineers and food scientists on the use of terpenes as an alternative solvent. In particular, the potential for ultrafiltration to be used in degumming of canola oil/terpene mixture is assessed. Our research shows that polymeric membranes are unlikely to be useful at scale in this application, as they are not readily cleaned for reuse. Conversely, a ceramic membrane of 5 kDa pore size provides the necessary rejection of phospholipids. There is some oil retention, that might require a downstream recovery step. The best results were obtained with cymene, suggesting this is a good target for industrial use.     

油库漏油检测系统

国内大中型油脂、石油化工企业，大型油库通常用几十个油罐联结存油，油罐由油管相互联结埋于地下，与油管相接触的是一沙层，沙层之外为土。天长地久油罐或油管总会发生漏油现象，漏油方位通常发生在接缝处，有时渗油，有时小漏，也可能中漏或大漏。由于油库油面面积太大，因此用油面液面检测法很难发现油库是否漏油。有时漏油随地下水流失，严重污染水源；有时可能造成火灾，引起人身伤亡和重大经济损失。     

Efficient hydrogen sulfide adsorbents obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge derived fertilizer modified with spent mineral oil

Terrene, sewage sludge derived granulated fertilizer, was impregnated with spent mineral oil and then pyrolyzed at 600, 800, and 950 degrees C. Materials obtained were characterized from the point of view of the pore structure and surface chemistry. Then the H2S breakthrough capacitywas measured using a lab designed test. The results showed that the new adsorbents over perform by 30% materials obtained by simple thermal treatment of Terrene and by 230% virgin coconut shell based activated carbon. The surface reaction products were evaluated using thermal analysis. On the surface of new adsorbents hydrogen sulfide is oxidized mainly to elemental sulfur which is then deposited within the pore system. The breakthrough occurs when all small pores available to promote catalytic oxidation (caused by the inorganic sludge component) are filled with sulfur. An increase in pyrolysis temperature leads to an improvement in the performance of materials as hydrogen sulfide adsorbents. This is caused likely by changes in an inorganic phase and inorganic/carbonaceous phase interactions during pyrolysis.     

核桃制油榨油机的比较与选择

选择ZX10螺旋榨油机、低温螺旋榨油机、德国KEK螺旋冷榨机、6yy-230仿韩国液压榨油机、QYZ系列液压榨油机对核桃仁进行压榨试验,对核桃出油效果和饼中残油进行对比和分析,选择出适合核桃制油的最佳设备为QYZ系列液压榨油机。该机在压榨温度低于60℃,压榨30 min时,饼中残油16.1%,蛋白几乎无变性,为核桃制油尤其是冷榨制油作出了有益探索。     

小型燃煤有机热载体炉简易烟气降温、除尘节能装置的探讨

随着我国工业化发展进程的加快,燃煤有机热载体锅炉市场占有率逐年上升,但存在运行热效率、节能技术利用率低下的现象。本文探讨了一种简单易行的烟气降温、除尘装置的节能技术,经实践应用,发现该技术可行,经济效益明显,并有良好的环保效益。     

Efficient production of fatty acid methyl ester from waste activated bleaching earth using diesel oil as organic solvent

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE) discarded by the crude oil refining industry was investigated using fossil fuel as a solvent in the esterification of triglycerides. Lipase from Candida cylindracea showed the highest stability in diesel oil. Using diesel oil as a solvent, 3 h was sufficient to obtain a yield of approximately 100% of FAME in the presence of 10% lipase from waste ABE. Kerosene was also a good solvent in the esterification of triglycerides embedded in the waste ABE. Fuel analysis showed that the FAME produced using diesel oil as a solvent complied with the Japanese diesel standard and the 10% residual carbon amount was lower than that of FAME produced using other solvents. Use of diesel oil as solvent in the FAME production from the waste ABE simplified the process, because there was no need to separate the organic solvent from the FAME-solvent mixture. These results demonstrate a promising reutilization method for the production of FAME, for use as a biodiesel, from industrial waste resources containing waste vegetable oils.     

小桐子油非临氢催化裂化制备燃料油的研究

以硅铝比20∶1的HZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂、小桐子油为原料,于实验室的小型模拟固定床装置中进行催化裂化试验。通过考察不同裂化温度、质量空速、催化剂用量对催化裂化反应的影响优化反应条件。结果表明:小桐子油催化裂化制备燃料油的最佳工艺参数为裂化温度500℃、质量空速2.72 h~(-1)、催化剂用量33.3%(以原料质量计),此时转化率最高,为29.60%,脱氧率为53.77%,产物多为芳烃类化合物。