薄层强化技术在机械基础件上应用研究

薄层强化技术是以CVD、PVD和离子注入等工艺为主要手段，对工程材料表面在极薄范围内进行改性处理，生成具有特殊耐磨特性和耐腐蚀特性以及其它特性的功能表面层，以满足专门或高性能要求的一种高新技术。薄层强化技术可以大幅度提高被处理件的使用寿命，节约材料，节约能源，无污染，因而在国际上受到科研和产业部门的高度重视。但由于表面层硬度很高，导致与其配副的时偶件的磨损加剧，耐脉注下降，因此，其应用只局限于提高工模具的耐磨性和使用寿命上，很少用于要求配副双方耐磨性的机械零件摩擦副上，制约了现有薄层强化工艺设备充…     

CVC8铝合金电子束改性的组织与性能的研究

利用电子束扫描处理对CVC8铝合金试样表面进行改性试验研究,以便提高铝合金表面的硬度和耐磨性。本文对铝合金电子束改性试样表层组织特征和金相结构进行分析,并对铝合金强化层的硬度和耐磨性进行了试验与测试。实验结果表明:铝合金电子束表面处理处理后,能够得到细晶粒的表面层组织,同时生成了非平衡态的共晶体和金属间化合物新相,改性层与基体材料间有过渡层组织,整个重熔区组织中无裂纹出现。铝合金电子束表面处理处理后表面硬度有所提高,是基体硬度的1.32倍。铝硅合金电子束表面处理层的表面的耐磨性相对基体有所提高,能够提高铝合金的耐磨性。     

激光淬火+冲击复合强化处理45钢的试验研究

将45钢激光淬火强化处理区域再进行激光冲击强化处理。处理结果表明:复合强化处理后的45钢与经激光淬火强化处理区域相比,其硬度和耐磨性能都得到了很大提高,其中,硬度提高了15％,耐磨性提高了100％,尤其是材料内部残余应力全部变成了残余压应力。     

氮离子注入改善20号钢疲劳性能的研究

本文用实验事实介绍两种不同热处理的20号钢(正火态与淬火态)经氮离子注入处理改善抗疲劳性能的情况。通常应用滚压技术处理也可改善20号钢的抗疲劳性能,而滚压后再采用离子注入还能进一步提高20号钢的抗疲劳性能。对20号钢氮离子注入试样进行了TEM 和X 射线分析,对强化抗疲劳性能的机制作了初步说明。     

Mo离子注入提高TC4合金微动磨损抗力的研究

对TC4合金进行了Mo离子注入表面改性处理,利用摩擦磨损试验机进行了点接触微动磨损试验,借助读数显微镜和表面粗糙度仪测量出有关参数,计算出试样的微动磨损体积。结果表明,Mo离子注入使试样表面硬度提高,微动磨损体积明显降低。在微动磨损初期,Mo离子注入具有较好的减摩效果。Mo离子注入带来的表面强化效应是基体合金的微动磨损抗力得以提高的主要原因。     

氮离子注入与氮化提高Ti6Al4V合金冲击磨损性能的研究

采用高频低压等离子体浸没离子注入(HLPⅢ)技术对Ti6Al4V合金实施氮离子注入与氮化处理,在新型小载荷冲击磨损试验机上进行了冲击磨损试验,并与基体试样作对比研究。结果表明:经氮离子注入与氮化处理后的试样,在同一冲击力、冲击周次下磨痕深度减小;在不同冲击力下,试样临界冲击周次增加;离子注入与氮化处理可有效降低冲击载荷作用时表面的黏着性能,提高Ti6Al4V合金抗冲击磨损的能力。     

离子注入轴承钢的磨损试验及其磨损机理的探讨

为了验证有关文献中介绍的离子注入可改善金属材料的耐磨性,我们试探在MM-200型磨损试验机上,进行了离子注入轴承铜试样的对比性磨损试验。并对磨损试样的表面磨痕进行了实测和扫描电子显微镜观察,取得了一些可资比较的结果。最后,对磨损机理作了扼要的、初步的讨论。     

Ar离子注入超高分子聚乙烯的摩擦磨损性能

采用离子注入技术对超高分子聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行了Ar离子改性,采用OM、AFM、NTM和FT-IR观察和测定了Ar离子注入UHMWPE表面特性.采用万能磨损试验机分别考察了不同粗糙度、表面改性对UHMWPE摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:Ar离子注入改变了UHMWPE表面颜色、形貌和微观的分子结构,提高了表面硬度和弹性模量.当Ar离子注入试样与316L不锈钢对磨时,呈现出低的磨损率,摩擦因数略有增加.此外,UHMWPE表面粗糙度一定程度影响其本身的耐磨性.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金QPQ盐浴复合处理工艺的优化

通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对QPQ(淬火-抛光-淬火)盐浴复合处理后Ti6Al4V钛合金的显微组织和相组成进行分析,采用正交试验法研究共渗时间、共渗温度、氧化时间和氧化温度等4个参数对钛合金耐磨性的影响,并与盐浴氮碳共渗钛合金试样进行对比。结果表明:QPQ盐浴复合处理后,Ti6Al4V钛合金表面形成的渗层由表面至内部依次为氧化层、化合物层、扩散层;当钛合金在610℃共渗1.5h,400℃氧化40min时,其平均磨损量最小,为1.11mg,比氮碳共渗试样的降低了38.3%;当钛合金在580℃共渗3.5h,400℃氧化40 min时,其平均摩擦因数最小,为0.246 7,比氮碳共渗试样的降低了21.8%;经过优化的QPQ盐浴复合处理后,钛合金的耐磨性得到明显提高。     

激光淬火+冲击复合强化处理40Cr的实验研究

将激光淬火强化处理后的40Cr钢的强化区域再进行激光冲击强化处理，处理结果表明，复合强化处理后40Cr钢与经激光淬火强化处理区域相比，各项机械性能都得到了大幅提高，其中，硬度提高了10．9％，耐磨性提高了100％，尤其是材料内部残余应力全部变成了残余压应力。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.