The effect of matched pairs of thermometers on the error in determining thermal energy using a commercial metering unit

The effect of individual and matched pairs of resistance thermometers on the error in determining thermal energy by a metering unit is estimated. Criteria for selecting domestic mass-produced matched pairs of resistance thermometers are given and the existing approach to producing matched pairs is analyzed. Metrological requirements, rules, and a program for selecting matched pairs based on a new criterion are formulated. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 32–36, November, 1999.     

Application of thermal converters and thermistors for measuring current in a measuring antenna

Conclusions The small error in measuring the antenna current by means of a thermal converter, the possibility of reading this current directly on a pointer instrument, and the small effect produced by ambient temperature on the readings (1% for 10°C) provide the possibility of using a dipole antenna with a thermal converter for calibrating and checking field-strength meters.     

Checking and correcting readings of commercial pH meters

Conclusions In selecting the methods for testing the pH-meter readings, one should, as a rule, give preference to the method which is specified by the testing scheme and consists of obtaining samples of the tested solution, evaluating their pH with a reference pH meter, and comparing its readings with those of the commercial pH meter. In cases when a narrow-range commercial pH meter is tested and standard buffer solutions with pH values which cover the instrument's scale are not available, the above method is the only one which can then be used.The values of the testing method error which are characteristic for this method of checking pH meters are adequately small and virtually do not reduce the precision of measurements.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 58–60, February, 1969.     

A Method for the Direct Simulation of Temperature Difference for Checking Heat Calculators

A metrological analysis of methods for the indirect and direct simulation of the temperature difference when checking heat calculators, which are a component of heat meters, is carried out. The advantages of the direct method are pointed out and recommendations are made on its use.     

Selecting Meters for Water-Based Heat Supply Systems

Basic criteria are considered for selecting meters for open and closed water-based heat supply systems. Results are given from an independent questionnaire concerned with the ranking of selection criteria and preferences for types of meter present on the Russian market, as well as the technical characteristics and services provided by meters made by the Teplocom company in St. Petersburg.     

Checking of DIIV-1, DINIR-1, and DINS-1 instruments

Conclusions As follows from what has been said, the amount of specific measurements during the checking of DINIR-1 and DINS-1 instruments is quite large. Taking into account the constant addition to the inventory of these instruments as they are being produced, it is desirable, in the authors' opinion, to consider the problem of developing and subsequently producing a special instrument intended for the checking of various types of time interval meters.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 77–81, June, 1971.     

Computerized Primary Standard Equipments for Metrological Support to Energy Resource Meters

Metrological support is considered for working means of measuring variable pressure differences, flow rates, and volumes of liquid and gases in commercial energy resource meters. A set of computerized standard equipments has been set up for testing, calibrating, and checking differential pressure sensors as well as gas and water meters.     

High-precision magnetic field-strength meter

Conclusions The above meter can be used as a reference instrument for checking other magnetic field-strength meters, and can be used as required in metrological and physical investigations for precision measurements of the strength of uniform magnetic fields.The values of the constants for measuring probes given in this article can be recommended for use in computations in magnetic-field measurements by nuclear meters using the resonance of protons, lithium nuclei and deuterons.     

Measurements of wattless power and the power factor with a nonsinusoidal current and voltage

Conclusions The above method can be used both for a direct measurement of wattless power and the power factor in single phase commercial and audio-frequency circuits (Fig. 1) and for checking and calibrating (Fig. 2) single phase VAR meters and phasemeters, including those designed for sinusoidal variables.The differential wattmeter is being used successfully in compensation method calibration and checking of three-phase phasemeters with two voltage coils [5 and 6] and phasemeters with two current coils.     

电能表产品技术指标体系的新变化(英文)

There is an imperfection in the accuracy indicators system and the technical parameters system in IEC standards 62053-21 implemented for watt-hour meters currently.This article quoted some parts of OIML MI-003 and R46 contents to provide a reference of the integrity comparison between the accuracy system and technical parameter system.The comparison result shows that the watt-hour meter accuracy technical indicators system of OIML R46 is more integrated.First reason is that it determines all the accuracy(basic error) defining rules just by using the technical parameter Imax efficiently;secondly,it can solve the contradiction that no error regulation of the range from starting current to minimum current in the process of providing,handing over and checking watt-hour meter products’ qualities efficiently.Please pay close attention to the R46 official version which will be released soon,as it is still in the Committee Draft(CD6) stage currently.     

Uniformity in gas meter functioning

Conclusions The value ofq in relation to angle for three types of meters is shown in Fig. 6. By examining these curves and summarizing the analysis of the uniformity in the functioning of the three meters it is possible to note the following. Meters whose rotors have simplified profiles and profiles formed by involutes and arcs of a circle produce flows which vary asymmetrically about a mean value. The swing of oscillations for both meters is approximately the same and amounts to 24%. Meters with two pairs of blades in the shape of annular sectors produce a uniform flow. Since this feature is responsible for their low error, this type of meter deserves consideration. It is advisable to develop a gas-measuring installation with such meters operating, for instance, in a dispensing condition (with forced rotation from a motor). Mass production of commercial blade-type meters should also be considered in order to replace meters which are now being manufactured. This is particularly attractive since the new meters will probably be simpler to produce.     

A systems approach to vacuum measurement methods

A general approach is presented to the methodological principles of vacuum metrology: methods of reproducing low-pressure scales and methods of calibrating and checking vacuum gauges and flow meters. This provides a scientific basis for classifying methods and identifying working resources on the basis of gas-dynamic formulas. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1999.     

基于感性工学研究的热计量器设计

采用感性工学推论法对热计量器进行感性工学研究,确定0次感性概念为热计量器与居家装饰一体,以此类推,得到热计量器的设计细节。该设计改变了传统的设计理念,将设计分成几个细节,并将一些其他产品的现代元素引入到热计量器的设计中,再根据推论逐渐的展开,该设计对于国家热计量设备的改进具有一定的启发和指导意义。     

变介质结构烟囱的定向爆破拆除

根据一烟囱底座为高3 m的钢筋混凝土结构,筒体为40 m高砖结构的特殊变介质烟囱特点,通过对爆破方案进行精心设计和严密组织,使得烟囱准确定向倾倒取得成功.包括了预定方案的分析和选取、爆破参数、起爆网路、预处理和安全防护等,并对爆破效果进行了描述.     

New hygrothermal balanced moisture meters for sheet materials

Conclusions The investigations carried out have shown that the static characteristic of hygrothermal moisture meters for sheet materials depends strongly on the temperature of the surrounding medium, i.e., on the temperature of the investigated material. In order to eliminate the temperature error in such moisture meters it is possible to recommend a method based on use of two identical sensitive elements-resistance thermometers the first of which is in hygrothermal balance and the second of which is only in thermal balance with the investigated material.Analysis of the static and transient characteristics of hygrothermal balanced moisture meters for cellulose, paper linen, and leather shows that the moisture meters developed can be used for other sheet materials up to their maximum hygroscopic moisture contents.The hygrothermal method can be the basis for creating instruments for automatic monitoring and control of the moisture of solid and friable materials for which the electrical and other measurement methods for moisture measurement are unsuitable for a number of reasons.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 65–67, December, 1971.     

Metrological Aspects of the Application of GOST R 51649–2000 to Heat Meters for a Water-Based Heat Supply System

The requirements formulated for the metrological characteristics of separate measuring channels of heat meters ensure that the GOST R 51649–2000 requirements concerning errors of thermal energy measurement are satisfied.     

Uddeholm热疲劳图谱的分析与定量评定

通过建立热疲劳裂纹图像采集和计算机分析系统，对Uddeholm热疲劳评定标准图谱进行了分析，结果表明，Uddeholm标准图谱评定热疲劳程度是不够精确的，即无法用肉眼精确地评定热疲劳裂纹的级别，针对Uddeholm标准图谱的不足，提出损伤因子概念，并制作出一套相应的计算软件；用它定量地分析了进口8407S钢和国产4Cr5MoSiV1钢的热疲劳性能，揭示了两种钢的热疲劳性能的变化规律，实现了热疲劳裂纹的计算机辅助评定。     

基于改进SUSAN算子的一种遥感影像配准方法

首先介绍TSUSAN（Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus）边缘检测算子的工作原理及在特征点提取中的应用,改进TSUSAN算子阈值的自动获取方法。最后将改进的SUSAN算子应用在图像配准中,通过计算候选匹配角点对,然后利用图像间的不变信息对候选匹配角点对进行筛选,最终得到正确的匹配角点对集。试验表明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Selecting a Standard Thermal Converter for Checking Working Noble-Metal Ones

A method is considered for comparing electrodes one by one during checks on technical thermocouples of types TPP 10 and TPR by means of third-class standard thermal converters. It is shown that there are advantages in that method on checking such thermal converters.     

Certification of and metrological support to measurement systems for metering energy resources

The checking and certification procedure is considered for commissioning systems for metering energy resources in accordance with existing regulatory documents and rules. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 62–63, January, 2000.