葡萄籽提取物对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

利用培养皿纸上发芽法,以清水和油菜素内酯为对照,研究不同质量浓度葡萄籽提取物溶液对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,葡萄籽提取物对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着葡萄籽提取物溶液质量浓度的增大,其促进作用先升高后降低;黑麦草各指标以200 mg/L葡萄籽提取物溶液处理最佳,与20 mg/L油菜素内酯处理相当。     

穿心莲内酯口服自微乳剂在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的:研究穿心莲内酯自微乳在大鼠体内的血药浓度经时曲线,评价穿心莲内酯自微乳在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征及相对生物利用度。方法:分别单剂量给予大鼠穿心莲内酯自微乳和穿心莲内酯混悬液,用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中的穿心莲内酯的质量浓度,采用DAS 2.0程序拟合药物浓度-时间曲线,计算药代动力学参数和生物利用度。结果:穿心莲内酯自微乳和混悬液的药动学参数分别是C_(max)为18.30μg·mL~(-1)和7.225μg·mL~(-1),Tmax为2.0 h和3.0 h,AUC0-24h为63.995μg·h·mL~(-1)和32.32μg·h·mL~(-1),穿心莲内酯自微乳相对于混悬液的生物利用度为156.39%。结论:穿心莲内酯自微乳相对于混悬液,能够显著提高穿心莲内酯在大鼠体内的生物利用度。     

植物源生长调节剂对小麦生理生长的影响

用浓度均为100mg/L的植物源生长调节剂(T)、赤霉素(GA3)和油菜素内酯(BR)分别在小麦苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期进行叶面喷洒,清水对照(CK)。结果表明,植物源生长调节剂、赤霉素和油菜素内酯分别使小麦叶片中叶绿素含量较对照平均增加了10.77%、4.95%、5.54%;使叶片可溶性糖含量分别平均增加了23.83%、16.65%、14.66%;硝酸还原酶(NR)活性平均提高16.14%、18.26%和12.32%,而对类黄酮含量的影响不明显。这说明植物源生长调节剂能够延缓叶片衰老,促进光合作用,延长叶片对氮素的利用和转化时间,促进同化物质的积累,对小麦的生理生长具有明显的促进作用。     

穿心莲内酯超临界CO2梯度结晶初探

利用超临界CO2 梯度结晶技术分离纯化穿心莲内酯。采用单因素法主要考察了压力、温度对梯度结晶穿心莲内酯晶体的形貌、纯度的影响 ,依扫描电镜、HPLC分析结果表明 ,超临界CO2 结晶穿心莲内酯的纯度在结晶板上呈梯度分布 ;在 2 5MPa以下 ,压力升高 ,结晶板上部晶体纯度升高 ;温度在一定范围内能提高晶体纯度。超临界CO2 梯度结晶为开发高质量穿心莲内酯等天然活性成分提供了一条新途径。     

HPLC测定莲芝消炎片中穿心莲内酯的含量

目的是建立莲芝消炎片中穿心莲内酯的含量测定方法;试验方法是利用超声提取,HPLC测定莲芝消炎片中穿心莲内酯的含量;甲醇-水(55∶45)为流动相;检测波长为225nm。穿心莲内酯在24.6～393.6μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9972,回收率为98.1%,RSD为1.0%。本方法灵敏、准确,可用于莲芝消炎片的质量控制。     

芸苔素内酯对花生幼苗生长的影响

芸苔素内酯(BR)是一种新型植物生长调节剂。通过适宜浓度芸苔素内酯浸种和茎叶喷施处理可以促进花生种子萌发和幼苗生长。用0.1 mg稬-1芸苔素内酯浸种可以使花生的发芽率提高62.7%,但浓度高于0.5 mg稬-1抑制花生萌发, 5.0mg稬-1浸种可引起花生幼苗生长异常。苗期BR茎叶处理对花生幼苗生长发育均有一定的促进作用,株高、根长、株鲜重、茎叶鲜重等生长指标均高于对照。     

扑尔敏对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内培养法,以清水和油菜素内酯作为对照,分析不同浓度的扑尔敏溶液浸泡玉米种子对其发芽率、茎长、根长、植株质量、叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量等指标的影响。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内扑尔敏对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着扑尔敏质量浓度的增大,玉米种子的发芽率、茎长、根长、植株质量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量等均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,以260 mg/L处理各指标最好,各项指标均优于0.3 mg/L油菜素内酯处理。     

天然生态型腐植酸APEX-10对植物生长影响的比较研究

通过研究风化煤腐植酸钾、底泥腐植酸钾、褐煤黄腐酸钾、生化(物)黄腐酸、APEX-10等5种天然生态型腐植酸对小麦根系、茎生长的影响,并重点研究了APEX-10对不同植物生长的影响。得到如下结果:APEX-10对麦苗的生长促进作用、物质的积累以及持水能力的作用最佳,褐煤黄腐酸钾对小麦根部的生长促进作用最佳,风化煤腐植酸钾则对小麦根部的物质积累作用最佳。APEX-10与营养液复配施用于白菜时,不同的栽培方式其适宜浓度不一致。从经济、资源利用和效果等多个方面综合考虑,APEX-10对农作物和水果的最适宜浓度为75 mg/L。     

苦参碱对大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内培养皿法,以清水和油菜素内酯作对比,分析不同浓度的苦参碱制剂浸种大麦种子对大麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长等形态指标,以及叶绿素和可溶性糖含量等的影响。结果表明,苦参碱对大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着苦参碱质量浓度的增大,大麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,以100 mg/L处理各指标最好。此外,100 mg/L苦参碱浸种处理对大麦幼苗各项指标的影响与25 mg/L油菜素内酯相似或比25 mg/L油菜素内酯好。     

穿心莲内酯新型给药系统的研究进展

目标:以穿心莲内酯为研讨对象,为制备新型给药系统的进一步探索与开发提供重要参考依据。措施:经查阅近几年有关穿心莲内酯的研究文献,对它新载体新剂型的研究进度做进一步的概述、对比及总结。结果与讨论:通过把穿心莲内酯和新型给药系统进行联合,为中药有效成分穿心莲内酯的推行和运用提供了一个有利的平台,有利于穿心莲内酯新剂型的研究及其应用进程的成果提高。总结了穿心莲内酯在药物制剂现代研究中的应用,并瞻望了发展前景。     

Mimosine-inhibited seed germination,seedling growth,and enzymes ofOryza sativa L

The effect of mimosine (50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations) onOryza sativa (rice) seed germination; root and shoot growth, i.e., length and fresh weight of seedlings; activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase were investigated. Significant inhibition in seed germination and shoot length was noted. Root length was inhibited by 100 ppm mimosine; however, the 50 ppm was not significant. Root and shoot fresh weight was not significantly inhibited by the tested concentrations of mimosine. Significant inhibition in activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase and its isoenzymes, catalase, and IAA oxidase was observed. Ecophysiological implications of mimosine phytotoxicity are discussed.     

Effects of phenolic acids on germination and early growth of herbaceous woodland plants

Four herbaceous plant species from woodland (clearings),Deschampsia flexuosa, Scrophularia nodosa, Senecio sylvaticus, andChamaenerion angustifolium, were tested for their sensitivity to phenolic acids. Seven commonly occurring phenolic compounds were used in a germination experiment in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM, i.e., salicylic,p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, caffeic, vanillic,p-coumaric, and ferulic acids. Germination was delayed rather than inhibited. Radicle elongation was strongly affected; at lower concentrations stimulatory effects were observed, whereas at high concentrations radicle elongation was severely reduced. Salicylic acid was the most effective phenolic compound, whereas caffeic acid caused no effects. Early growth was studied in more detail in a second experiment withDeschampsia flexuosa andSenecio sylvaticus and the phenolic acids, ferulic and p-coumaric acid. Primary root length, number and length of secondary roots, and dry weight were stimulated at 0.01 mM but were inhibited at 10 mM of both compounds. The results are discussed in view of the allelopathic relations between trees and herbaceous understory vegetation.     

腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育的影响

采用不同浓度的济农生根壮苗液肥、济农生根粉、吲哚丁酸钾、生根颗粒剂和市售较好的某种生根粉进行试验,旨在探明不同腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽、鲜重、根长及扦插生根的影响。结果表明:5种生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育均有不同程度的促进作用。其中400ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、10000ppm生根颗粒剂浸种能显著促进小麦种子生根发芽;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂能显著促进小白菜生长,其中喷施833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥2次后比对照根长增加31.29%,提高地上部分鲜重28.17%;使用8000ppm济农生根粉蘸根后能够提高成活率49%,红叶石楠扦插生根时间提前3d;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂分别增产19.53%和18.29%,增加经济收入分别为15.89%和14.53%,增产增收效果明显。     

甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂促进干旱条件下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的研究

主要研究了干旱条件下,甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂作为包衣剂对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响规律,为该高吸水树脂在农业生产中的应用提供依据。实验在模拟干旱条件下,考查了未包衣与有包衣(甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂与小麦质量比分别为1∶30,1∶40,1∶50,1∶60,1∶70)下小麦种子的发芽率、苗高,还考查了小麦幼苗的H_2O_2、MDA、叶绿素含量,幼苗自由基清除相关酶SOD、CAT、POD、GPX、APX活性与自由基清除剂GSH、ASA含量的变化。结果表明:小麦种子经甘薯淀粉高吸水树脂包衣后,提高了种子的发芽率、幼苗自由基清除相关酶的活性及自由基清除剂的含量,有效减轻了小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用,大大改善了干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长状况。同时不同包衣质量比下的差异也较大,质量比1∶50效果最好。     

Natural products phytotoxicity A bioassay suitable for small quantities of slightly water-soluble compounds

A large variety of secondary metabolites that can inhibit germination and/or seedling growth are produced by plants in low quantities. The objective of this study was to develop a bioassay capable of reliably assessing reductions in germination percentage and seedling length of small-seeded plant species caused by exposure to minute quantities of these compounds. The germination and growth of alfalfa (Medicago saliva), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) were evaluated against six known phytotoxins from five chemical classes; cinmethylin (a herbicidal cineole derivative) was selected as a comparison standard. Each phytotoxin, dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, was placed on water-agar in small tissue culture wells. After the solvent evaporated, imbibed seeds were placed on the agar; after three days, germination percentages and seedling lengths were measured. Compared to a commonly used filter paper procedure, this modified agar bioassay required smaller quantities of compound per seed for comparable bioassay results. This bioassay also readily permitted the measurement of seedling length, a more sensitive indicator of phytotoxicity than germination. Seedling length decreased sigmoidally as the toxin concentration increased logarithmically. Phytotoxicity was a function of both compound and plant species. Cinmethylin, a grass herbicide, reduced the length of annual ryegrass seedlings by 90–100%, whereas that of alfalfa and velvetleaf was inhibited slightly. The agar bioassay facilitated the rapid and reliable testing of slightly water-soluble compounds, requiring only minute quantities of each compound to give reproducible results.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Bioassay of naturally occurring allelochemicals for phytotoxicity

The bioassay has been one of the most widely used tests to demonstrate allelopathic activity. Often, claims that a particular plant species inhibits the growth of another are based entirely on the seed germination response to solvent extracts of the suspected allelopathic plant; few of these tests are of value in demonstrating allelopathy under natural conditions. The veracity of the bioassay for evaluating naturally occurring compounds for phytotoxicity depends upon the physiological and biochemical response capacity of the bioassay organism and the mechanism(s) of action of the allelochemicals. The possibility that more than one allelochemical, acting in concert at very low concentrations, may be responsible for an observed allelopathic effect makes it imperative that bioassays be extremely sensitive to chemical growth perturbation agents. Among the many measures of phytotoxicity of allelochemicals, the inhibition (or stimulation) of seed germination, radicle elongation, and/or seedling growth have been the parameters of choice for most investigations. Few of these assays have been selected with the view towards the possible mechanism of the allelopathic effect.     

Aqueous Hydrotropic Solution as an Efficient Solubilizing Agent for Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata Leaves

Abstract

An aqueous solution based extraction process for andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata leaves has been developed using alkyl benzene sulfonates and carboxylates as hydrotropes. The plant cells are permeabilized by the hydrotrope solutions followed by solubilization of andrographolide into the solutions. The extraction and solubilization of andrographolide is affected by structure and concentration of hydrotrope, temperature and particle size. Sodium cumene sulfonate (Na‐CS) shows the most efficient solubilization of andrographolide amongst the hydrotropes studied. The solubility of andrographolide increased by two orders of magnitude in Na‐CS aqueous solutions and ～96% andrographolide extraction was achieved in just 20 min.     

Interactions oftrans-cinnamic acid,its related phenolic allelochemicals,and abscisic acid in seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce

Phenolic compounds have been identified as the most common allelochemicals produced by higher plants. Inhibitions of cinnamic acid, its related phenolic derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) on seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce were studied.trans-Cinnamic acid, ando-,m-, andp-coumaric acids inhibited the growth of etiolated seedlings of lettuce at concentrations higher than 10^–4 M and seed germination above 10^–3 M. Coumarin inhibited seedling growth and seed germination at 10^–5 M or above. Chlorogenic acid inhibited seedling growth above 10^–4 M, but did not inhibit seed germination at 10^–5–5×10^–3 M. Low concentrations (below 10^–3 M) of caffeic and ferulic acids promoted the elongation of hypocotyls, but higher concentrations (over 10^–3 M) inhibited seedling growth and seed germination. These phenolic compounds and abscisic acid had additive inhibitory effects both on seedling growth and seed germination. The inhibition on lettuce was reversed by caffeic and ferulic acids at concentrations lower than 10^–3 M except for the inhibition of germination by coumarin. These results suggest that in naturetrans-cinnamic acid,o-, m-, p-coumaric acids, coumarin, and chlorogenic acid inhibit plant growth regardless of their concentration. However, caffeic and ferulic acids can either promote or inhibit plant growth according to their concentration.