边界润滑摩擦面固体润滑涂层技术发展的若干趋势

随着表面工程与涂层技术的发展,固体润滑涂层在机械零件上得到了广泛的应用,涂层材料与涂层工艺取得了很大的进展。本文论述了边界润滑摩擦面固体润滑涂层技术发展的若干趋势,指出开发新的涂层材料、涂层结构、涂层工艺,实现固/液混合润滑,以及利用涂层激光纹理技术提高润滑效果是固体润滑涂层技术发展的重要方向。     

高分子固体润滑耐磨涂层研究进展

在阐明高分子固体润滑耐磨涂层的主要类型和减摩耐磨机理的基础上，总结评述了常用的几种高分子树脂基体固体润滑耐磨涂层的摩擦学特性，分析讨论了高分子涂层固体润滑耐磨性能的影响因素，并且展望了高分子固体润滑耐磨涂层的发展趋势和研究方向。     

固体润滑摩擦副有摩擦接触问题的数值分析

固体润滑摩擦副接触问题数值分析的传统的微分法涉及边界迭代，计算过程冗长且不易收敛。以新发展的变分法和非线性优化方法求解能量泛函，研究了固体润滑摩擦副表面摩擦力下的接触问题。考虑到表面涂层在固体润滑摩擦副中使用的广泛性，特别分析了表面涂层的影响，并对计算结果进行了讨论。计算结果显示，表面涂层和摩擦力对摩擦副的应力分布有重大影响。随着摩擦因数由0．1到0．5逐渐增大，各点最大应力增加了33％，且涂层表而的应力变化最明显，这对固体润滑涂层的强度提出了很高要求。     

二硫化钼基润滑涂层在润滑油中的作用机理及实际应用

讨论了在几种液体润滑介质(液体石蜡、10^#机油、HM46液压油)中，涂敷FM-510二硫化钼基润滑涂层的摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能和润滑机理。试验机评价和台架考核结果表明，在润滑油中，涂敷FM-510涂层的摩擦偶对能够协助流体润滑膜的形成并维持流体润滑状态。扫描电镜观察涂层和对偶的微观表面，用能谱分析表面元素组成，揭示了其作用机理：干摩擦条件下，二硫化钼基润滑涂层与金属对偶表面的相对滑动，形成了以Mo、S、Sb为主的转移膜，但在润滑油介质中没有形成这类转移膜；二硫化钼基润滑涂层的表面有大量的、均匀分布的、直径小于3μm的孔穴，起到了蓄油作用，更易于建立流体润滑条件，形成均匀分布的油膜。     

石墨含量对石墨固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响

利用简便的刷涂法在钢基体表面制备了石墨固体润滑涂层。利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对不同石墨含量的固体润滑涂层进行了详细的摩擦学性能对比试验。结果发现．石墨固体润滑涂层的摩擦学性能与石墨含量之间呈“马鞍形”变化规律，当石墨的质量分数为28％时，固体润滑涂层的减摩、耐磨性能最佳。     

激光熔覆金属基固体自润滑涂层的组织结构

铝合金板料的温成形过程中，为解决模具和铝合金板间的高温润滑问题，开发一种高效、环保的润滑技术非常重要。以Ni45-CaF2-WS2为复合固体润滑材料，分别采用Nd：YAG与CO2激光熔覆技术制备了金属基固体润滑涂层，研究了两种激光熔覆层的组织结构，并分析了两种涂层的组织结构形成机理。结果表明，CO2激光器较Nd：YAG激光器更适合该类涂层的制备。     

汽车高强钢纵梁热冲压实验研究

通过在自主研制的热冲压实验线上开展汽车纵梁热冲压实验,探明并对比了无涂层和不同润滑条件下Al-Si涂层22MnB5板对复杂零件热冲压成形质量和组织性能的影响。结果表明：①相比于无涂层板,涂层板能有效改善氧化脱碳现象,但涂层中形成的孔隙和裂纹容易导致零件在成形时产生破裂;采用水基石墨润滑不能消除破裂;采用玻璃润滑能有效避免破裂。②无涂层板的抗拉强度和屈服强度较高,无润滑和石墨润滑涂层板次之,玻璃润滑涂层板的抗拉强度和屈服强度较低;无涂层板的延伸率较涂层板的延伸率大。③玻璃润滑涂层板的表面粗糙度较小,无涂层板次之,无润滑和石墨润滑涂层板的表面粗糙度较大。     

固体自润滑涂层摩擦磨损特性研究

随着机械加工技术和空间技术的发展,固体润滑涂层在比较恶劣的润滑环境下能起到独特的润滑效果,得到高速发展和广泛应用.在综合国内外研究和报道的基础上,对一般固体润滑涂层和纳米固体润滑涂层的摩擦磨损特性的研究现状进行归纳,指出固体润滑涂层摩擦磨损研究的发展方向.     

涂层材料热特性参数对点接触弹流润滑的影响

为探究涂层材料热特性参数对点接触弹流润滑的影响,选择3种不同方法制备的类金刚石（DLC）涂层和氧化锆陶瓷涂层,构建考虑涂层热特性的点接触弹流润滑模型,分析涂层材料、涂层厚度和润滑剂的流变性对接触区润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在弹流润滑状态下具有不同热特性的4种表面涂层导致了膜厚的差异,固体表面温度及润滑区温度场会随涂层热惯性变化;热惯性最小的DLC涂层加在快速运动表面能获得更高的膜厚;随着涂层厚度的增加,会引起固体表面的温度升高,使摩擦因数降低;非牛顿流体对压力、膜厚的影响很小,但与牛顿流体相比,能获得相对较低的温度。在弹流润滑状态下,涂层覆在快表面对于减小摩擦、提高膜厚是有益的。     

复合固体润滑材料涂层高速钢刀具的减摩性能

用M-2型摩擦磨损实验机研究了多种固体润滑材料复配时的减摩性能。结果表明:MoS2、石墨和Al2O3三种固体润滑材料按一定比例复配制成的涂层比各自单因素制成的涂层减摩性能有了很大提高;固体润滑涂层涂敷在高速钢麻花钻头、车刀上进行对比试验,固体润滑涂层麻花钻头的使用寿命比未涂层钻头同样钻削条件下提高了近3倍;固体润滑涂层车刀的耐磨性及使用寿命比未涂层车刀都有所提高,且工件表面质量更好。     

Detecting Wear and Migration of Solid-Film Lubricants Using Simultaneous Exoelectron Emission

This study was carried out to see if solid-lubricant films on metal surfaces wear monotonically, or if there is occasional migration from a region on the wear track with copious lubricant to one from which the lubricant has been worn away. To facilitate this study, a new pin-on-disk apparatus was constructed with the capability of continuously measuring the friction and the exoelectron emission from tile wear track. Sliding tests were carried out using a circular wear track which, initially, traversed a path partly on an unlubricated surface and partly on a surface covered by a solid-lubricant film. It was found that lubricant films of rubbed graphite and molybdenum disulfide showed no spreading of the lubricant along the wear track, but polytetrafluoroethylene had some capability for migration and, hence, healing of a denuded wear track.     

Silicon Nitride Rolling Bearings for Extreme Operating Conditions

The high hardness and excellent high-temperature performance of ceramics are attractive for critical rolling-bearing applications, such as in high-thermal-efficiency engines. In addition, the lower density of ceramics permits lower centrifugal loads, less skidding at high speeds, and, consequently, results in longer bearing component life than conventional bearing steels or alternative super-alloys or cermets. Silicon nitride has the lowest friction and elastic modulus of the available ceramics, which reduce bearing contact stresses. This paper reviews the merits and demerits of silicon nitride as a bearing material, its processing, and different mechanisms for solid-lubricant replenishment in severe environments. Test data and application design guidelines accumulated to dale are also provided.     

Entrainment of Pressure-Hardening Solid-Lubricant Coatings in Hydrostatic Extrusion

The theory for the entrainment of solid-lubricant coatings developed by White and Wilson is modified to allow for the effect of increases in the lubricant shear strength due to applied pressure, including the case where the lubricant strength approaches that of the workpiece. The latter condition is analyzed using the force diagram associated with the upperbound velocity field. The modified theory shows good agreement with experimental measurement of the entrained film thickness of lead, lead/tin, alkyd-bonded graphite, and polyethylene coatings on steel and/or aluminum workpieces.     

Investigation of Extreme-Pressure and Antiwear Properties of Antimony Thioantimonate

Detailed studies including synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimony thioantimonate, SbSbS₁, have been carried out. The amorphorus complex chalcogenide was prepared by a solution precipitation method. As a solid-lubricant additive in various greases, this material exhibits superior extreme-pressure and antiwear properties as demonstrated by the Four-Ball weld points and load-wear indexes on both AISI-52100 and AISI-440C steels. Antimony thioantimonate appears to be compatible with all the base greases investigated including a silicone grease in which very few additives show good response.     

纳米二氧化钛功能薄膜研究进展

综述了近年来纳米二氧化钛功能薄膜的研究及进展，并就其制备方法、机理以及应用进行了介绍，着重介绍了纳米二氧化钛薄膜的光催化活性、超亲水性的机理及其应用。     

磁头/磁盘表面保护膜及抗吸附分子膜研究

在中国国家自然科学基金重大项目《先进电子制造中的重要科学技术问题研究》资助下，针对2nm厚度的DLC薄膜的制备和磁头、磁盘间的吸附等问题，探索“磁头、磁盘表面润滑规律和超薄保护膜的生长机理及技术”，目标是寻找磁头、磁盘表面超薄DLC薄膜新的制备方法和制备工艺，发现超薄DLC保护膜的生长机理和生长极限，开发磁头表面抗吸附分子膜的制备技术。报告研究所取得的体系化理论成果。 为了制备厚度为2nm的超薄DLC薄膜，使用FCVA技术代替磁控溅射和CVD技术。通过优化制备参数，制备出厚度为2nm，表面粗糙度为0.128nm，并且连续均匀的DLC薄膜。探索基体形貌对薄膜生长模式的影响规律。发现在脉冲偏压幅值-100V、占空比20%条件下制备的薄膜性能最优     

高质量光学薄膜制备用新型无栅霍尔离子束辅助镀膜系统

介绍一种无栅霍尔离子束辅助镀膜系统。并对该系统的特点、性能和应用结果作了叙述。     

带垫板焊缝缺陷在底片上的辨认及防止措施

剖析带垫板焊缝中各种缺陷产生的主在射线底片上进行辨认的方法,并提出这些缺陷的防止措施。     

光学镀膜用大束密均匀区离子源

介绍一个适用于光学镀膜用的直径为1 2 0 mm的大束密均匀区离子源的结构设计及性能参数 ,并对影响束密均匀性的因素进行了讨论     

The Antiwear Action of Zinc Di-n-Butyl Phosphate

The dynamics of MoS₂ particles in a mineral oil dispersion are studied in the same manner as reported in Part I for graphite dispersions. A Hertzian contact consisting of a steel ball in contact with a glass disk is lubricated with MoS² dispersions and observed by optical microscopy at various. slide/roll conditions. In general, the behavior of MoS₂ and graphite are similar. That is, the solids lend to enter the contact and form a film on the contacting surfaces whenever a rolling component of motion is used, but solid particles seldom enter the contact during pure sliding. MoS₂ has more pronounced plastic flow behavior than graphite. However, the polished steel ball is more readily scratched by MoS₂ than by graphite. Under the conditions of these studies, lower friction and wear are observed with pure oil rather than with the dispersions. However, under other conditions (such as different contact geometry or rougher surfaces), the solid-lubricant dispersions might be beneficial.