乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的合成

以硬脂酸和乙二胺为原料在高温下脱水得到乙撑双硬酸脂酰胺产品。研究了硬脂酸种类、反应物料比、催化剂、抗氧剂、反应温度和反应时间对产品的影响。适宜的工艺条件为:n(硬脂酸1840)∶n(乙二胺)=2∶1.15,磷酸与亚磷酸为复配催化剂(硬脂酸质量的0.92%),m(磷酸)∶m(亚磷酸)=3∶10,硼氢化钠做抗氧剂(硬脂酸质量的0.21%),成盐温度100¹10℃,成盐时间2h,脱水温度190110℃,成盐时间2h,脱水温度190²00℃,脱水时间5200℃,脱水时间5⁶h,此工艺条件下得到白色产品,m.p.1436h,此工艺条件下得到白色产品,m.p.143¹50℃。     

乙二醇硬脂酸酯的合成

以对氨基苯磺酸为催化剂催化合成乙二醇硬脂酸酯。研究了酯化反应时间、醇酸摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量等对产品收率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:n(醇)∶n(酸)=1.3∶1,催化剂的用量为2.0 g,控温135℃,反应时间为3 h,酯收率可达92.6%。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙二醇单硬脂酸酯

以硬脂酸和乙二醇为原料,采用对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成乙二醇单硬脂酸酯。考察了影响反应的因素,实验结果表明酯化反应的最佳条件为:n(硬脂酸)∶n(乙二醇)∶n(对甲苯磺酸)=1∶3∶0·125,反应时间50min,带水剂甲苯用量为10mL。产率可达96·34%。     

硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷(SBM)合成工艺优化研究

基于SBM工业化生产工艺路线，开展合成工艺优化研究实验，分析研究影响SBM收率及色泽的影响因素，并结合产品毛利率分析，得出经济效益最佳的反应物料配比。甲酯合成酯化工序需控制催化剂的加入量为硬脂酸投料量的15%,甲醇最低加量为理论量的1.5倍，生产中需严格把控硬脂酸原料的入厂品质检测；缩合反应控制需严格规范物料投料顺序，以滴加苯乙酮的方式控制反应，可防止苯乙酮自身的缩合副反应发生，确保SBM收率；在缩合反应过程中，需控制好反应温度，缩合反应温度最佳控制在125℃,反应物料配比为n(苯乙酮)∶n(硬脂酸甲酯)=1.0∶1.25,n(甲醇钠)∶n(苯乙酮)=1.5∶1.0,在此条件下SBM的收率在82.5%,色泽纯白，毛利率在34.19%。     

负载型对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙二醇硬脂酸单酯

探讨了以负载型对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成乙二醇硬脂酸单酯的工艺。研究了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对硬脂酸转化率的影响。结果表明,合成乙二醇硬脂酸酯优化条件是:n(乙二醇)∶n(硬脂酸)=3.5∶1,催化剂用量为硬脂酸的物质的量的2.8%,带水剂甲苯的用量为硬酯酸质量的30%,反应时间150min,在此条件下,酸的转化率可达97.82%。     

受阻胺光稳定剂UV3853的合成

受阻胺光稳定剂UV3853的合成以硬脂酸甲酯和2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶醇为原料,在催化剂甲醇钠的作用下,以二甲苯为溶剂进行酯交换而得。通过正交实验,取得了较佳的反应条件:n(C9H19NO):n(硬脂酸甲酯)=1.15:1,反应时间为7h,催化剂用量为硬脂酸甲酯质量的8%。在此条件下合成的产品符合质量标准,产品的收率达95.6%。     

乙撑双硬脂酰胺的合成新工艺

研究以乙二胺和硬脂酸为主要原料,在常压下一步法制备乙撑双硬脂酰胺,通过添加抗氧剂解决了产品颜色发黄的问题。实验结果表明最佳工艺条件为:n(硬脂酸):n(乙二胺)=1:0.57;乙二胺滴加温度100℃,滴加时间40～60min;反应温度200℃;反应时间4～5h;催化剂为磷酸其用量为硬脂酸质量的0.5%;抗氧剂的用量为硬脂酸质量的0.4%。抗氧剂的加入能够显著提高产品的颜色。     

新型肥料缓释剂酰胺蜡的合成

以硬脂酸和二乙烯三胺为原料,通过加入添加剂利用催化合成反应制备了能够用于肥料表面作缓释剂的酰胺蜡。结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:n(硬脂酸)∶n(二乙烯三胺)=1.00∶1.05,反应温度140~150℃,反应时间2~3 h,催化剂质量分数0.5%,增硬剂的质量分数0.5%,抗氧剂的质量分数0.5%。在该工艺条件下产品的颜色为白色,酸值5.23 mg(KOH)/g,滴点78~82℃,针入度0.2 mm,胺值145.42 mg(KOH)/g。用户使用表明该产品可以替代国外同类产品,而且价格低于国外同类产品。     

甲基葡萄糖苷脂肪酸酯的合成与研究

以碱性化合物CT作为催化剂,采用甲基葡萄糖苷和十八酸为原料合成甲基葡萄糖苷硬脂酸酯,对影响反应的主要因素进行了分析,通过IR分析不同反应条件下合成产品的组成,得到较优的反应条件为:n(甲基葡萄糖苷)∶n(十八酸)=1∶1.4,催化剂CT用量为甲基葡萄糖苷质量的0.6%,反应温度控制在150℃左右,反应压力0.01MPa,产品收率可以达到85%,颜色较浅。     

对叔丁基邻苯二酚的合成研究

以邻苯二酚、异丁烯为原料,混酸作催化剂催化合成对叔丁基邻苯二酚的新工艺,探讨了工艺条件对反应结果的影响,确定了优惠条件:反应温度125℃,反应时间2h,物料比n(邻苯二酚)∶n(异丁烯)=1∶0.65,催化剂用量为邻苯二酚的0.1%(m/m),对叔丁基邻苯二酚收率可达93%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。