防洪体系多目标优化调度的探讨

本文应用系统分析理论,探讨了多库防洪体系的优化调度问题,建立了多库防洪体系多时段多目标优化调度模型,并运用多目标求解技术与文中的线性规划方法进行求解。将其应用于黄河中下游防洪体系的防洪调度计算。计算表明,该模型及方法是可行的,有较高的效率。     

基于遗传-蚁群算法的库群长期优化调度

为克服蚁群算法前期收敛慢、易陷入局部最优解且参数难以确定的缺点,提出了遗传-蚁群算法进行库群长期优化调度问题的求解。该方法应用遗传算法生成问题的初始解,并将初始解的适应度转化为蚁群算法的信息素初始值,同时引入遗传算法染色体交叉、变异的思想进行蚁群算法参数最优组合的确定,提高了蚁群算法的优化性能和求解精度。对乌江流域4座水电站的计算结果表明,该算法可显著改善优化结果质量,获得良好的调度方案,是求解库群长期优化调度问题的一种有效方法。     

兴利随机优化调度模型及实例应用

与确定型优化调度将入流作为已知系列相比,随机动态规划将入流描述为随机变量,则更具合理性,因此该法是目前求解多库优化调度的最好方法。由于入流的随机描述,极大地增加了计算量,从而经常导致“维数灾”问题,故而又限制了该法在实际中的应用,本文以黄河上游５个梯级水电站群为例,应用随机优化调度方法研究其兴利优化调度问题,通过合理的入流描述,有效地避免了“维数灾”问题。     

跨流域引水工程多水库联合供水优化调度

本文以引滦工程为实例,研究跨流域引水工程多水库联合供水的优化调度问题。根据该工程的特点,建立了统一管理调度和分级管理调度两种模型。前者采用聚集解集技术,把高维问题降为低维问题,得到系统运行的聚集策略,然后将系统的时段决策分解为等效的各库决策,指导原系统运行。后者从联合调度出发,立足于当前体制,制订出体现系统统一指导各库分级管理的调度图。该模型应用确定型动态规划求出库群联合运行的理想策略,从中提炼出调度图的雏型,再通过人机对话和模拟调节对其不断修正,达到优化的目的,这是一种探索性的研究。用实测长系列资料对两种模型所得的策略进行调度,并与理想策略调度的结果进行对比,表明两种模型的概化与方法的应用是成功的。     

基于改进粒子群文化算法的机组组合联合调度研究

摘要： 电力系统联合优化调度可以提高电网运行可靠性的同时提高经济和环境效益。电力系统联合优化调度主要依赖于优化算法。建立了包含火电、光伏储能的机组组合问题调度模型,并针对机组组合问题的优化求解,提出了改进的粒子群文化算法。通过个体进化和参数调整选择粒子全局最优位置,采用循环拥挤距离来控制非劣解集的大小,实现信度空间和种群空间之间的交互。最后,针对实际的电力系统,结合改进粒子群文化算法和分支定界法对火电电力系统、包含光伏电力系统和储能的机组组合问题进行求解。算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

梯级水电站水库群优化调度的网络规划分解协调法(NP-DC)

本文提出了求解水库群优化调度的一种新方法——网格规划分解协调法(NP-DC)、其步骤是首先把库群调度的动态问题转化为一张静态网络图,然后按照大系统优化理论将网络沿时间座标分解为相互关联的子网络,并建立一个三级分解协调结构;子网络分别用OKA算法求解;引入到协调器中的关联变量采用POA法预测寻优。以实现系统的整体最优化。本方法可使网络流优化技术适用于多库、多目标、多时段以及目标函数不可微的复杂库群调度问题。     

基于三阶段逐步优化算法的三峡水库水沙联合优化调度研究

针对水沙联合优化调度多目标、高维、难以求解以及泥沙淤积计算具有后效性的问题,以泥沙淤积量为基本目标、发电量为约束目标,利用约束法将多目标水沙联合优化调度模型转化为单目标模型,并采用三阶段逐步优化算法进行求解。以三峡水库水沙联合优化调度为例,获得了满意的水库发电与泥沙淤积的非劣解集及水库非劣运用过程,验证了所建立模型及提出的求解方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于群居蜘蛛优化算法的水库防洪优化调度模型及应用

针对水库防洪调度问题多约束、高维、非线性不易求解的特点,提出了基于群居蜘蛛优化算法的水库防洪优化调度模型求解方法,该方法利用蜘蛛群体的协同机制,寻找最优的防洪优化调度决策。实例验证表明,该算法不仅获得较好结果,而且参数少,优化计算结果稳定,能满足实际水库防洪优化调度的需求,可推广应用。     

西安市供水水库群优化调度函数的神经网络求解方法

水库群联合优化调度函数的传统求解方法难以表示出水库调度决策变量与影响因子间的非线性关系,也不能很好地反映水库之间的相互关系。用改进ＢＰ网络可弥补这方面的缺陷。将该方法用于寻求西安市城市水源供水的三个水库的联合优化调度函数,结果表明,该方法行之有效,且应用简便。     

基于总保证出力协调的梯级水库联合调度图研究

针对具有龙头调节的多个季调节性能及以上水库构成的串联梯级水电站的联合调度问题,借鉴单库水库调度图制作思想,基于梯级总保证出力协调原则,提出了梯级水库联合调度图制定的基本原理,以梯级总电量最大化为目标探讨了梯级水库联合调度图的优化方法,并以沅水为例研究了梯级联合调度图。结果表明,该方法在梯级水头及水量充分利用、梯级相互补偿等方面作用显著,对提高梯级水电站的年均发电量和梯级总保证出力成效突出。     

山洪灾害分析评价预警雨量应用机制与实践

山洪灾害预警是山洪灾害防治的重要手段,现有遥测自动雨量站可为山洪灾害预警提供基础支撑。针对各沿河村落已有预警雨量而无法有效投入使用的问题,提出了按流域分区使沿河村落与雨量站进行一一对应,使用泰森多边形法确定了预警雨量站及雨量站预警关联机制,并将其应用于商城县化眉笼小流域中。结果表明,提取出沿河村落上游流域范围,并在该范围内搜索雨量站,将沿河村落与这些雨量站进行逻辑关系对应,在流域中使用泰森多边形法确定雨量站的预警关系,符合流域降雨在空间上的分布,能够解决目前预警雨量站空报、错报问题。     

Multi-objective and multi-period hydrogen refueling station location problem

Creating a distribution network and establishing refueling stations arises as an important problem in order to meet the refueling needs of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this study, a multi-objective and multi-period hydrogen refueling station location problem that can take into account long-term planning decisions is proposed. Firstly, single objective mathematical models are proposed for the problem by addressing the cost, risk and population convergence objectives. Afterwards, a goal programming model is proposed and the results that will arise when three objectives are taken into consideration at the same time are examined. A risk analysis approach applied for each location alternative is considered in order to handle risk concerns about the hydrogen refueling station settlement. A case study is conducted in Adana, one of the crowded cities in Turkey, to determine the long-term location network plan. Covered population, operational risk and earthquake risks are used as input of the risk analysis method. The case study results show that the goal programming model covers the area with 77 hydrogen refueling stations by different types and capacities during the years from 2020 to 2030. In addition, a computational study is carried out with different alternative scenarios (different number of consumption nodes and all parameters in the model). The computational study results show that the highest deviations from the optimal solution on the model are observed in the distances between consumption nodes and targeted service area parameters which affect about 50% of absolute deviations on average. According to results, the proposed approach selects the station location suitable for the expected changes over the years.     

Analysis of customer queuing at hydrogen stations

An analysis is presented of service rates at nineteen retail hydrogen stations in a heavily-used California network to gain insight into station capacity impacts on customer wait times. Each station has only one fueling position resulting from just one, one-sided dispenser. Collected data of each refueling step for 1000's of hydrogen refuelings in California provides insight into station and network capacity for both California and emerging infrastructure elsewhere. The analysis herein concludes that customers would be exponentially better served with a network of larger, multi-position stations instead of smaller, one position stations.     

水电站继电巡检机器人导航技术研究

继电保护装置是保护水电站的重要方式。如果水电站存在安全问题,需要尽快消除故障电路并尽量减少安全问题,以最大限度地提高水电站的安全性。本文首先对水电站继电保护装置进行了基础分析,提出了对继电保护装置的重要性以及管理中存在的问题;其次,介绍了复杂动态工作环境下水电站继电巡检机器人导航方法,混合巡逻机器人混合导航和地图重建的基本方法;再次,介绍了巡检机器人的机械结构和软件平台,分析了巡检机器人的差分模型。对可视化机器人的数据特征以及应用范围进行分析。建立了环境特征导航图像和导航机器人导航,最后讨论了水电站继电保护装置管理核心对策,从根本上避免了水电站继电的问题,更好地完善继电机器人监测的性能,提出相应的观点与核心措施。继电器检测机器人具有良好的性能,已提出若干核心措施。     

基于熵权Shapley值法的梯级水电站补偿效益分摊

为使梯级水电站补偿效益分摊较好地兼顾到各水电站的利益、调动其参与联合调度的积极性,将熵权法与Shapley值法相结合,提出熵权Shapley值法,并建立熵权Shapley值效益分摊模型,将其应用于某流域梯级的三个水电站的效益分摊中。结果表明,该法不仅考虑了各水电站之间的公平性,同时兼顾了自身的装机容量、调节库容、额定水头和保证出力等个体特征;分摊结果公平合理,调动了龙头水电站参与梯级联合运行的积极性,有利于实现流域梯级联合运行及总效益最大的目标。     

梯级水电站群保证出力优化计算的一个直接算法

梯级水电站群保证出力优化计算问题是一个有非线性约束的maxmin问题max{M_f(X)|X∈G={X|g_j(x)≤0,j=1,…,N,X∈R~n}),其中M_f(X)=min{f_1(X),…,f_K(X)}。本文在文[1]的基础上,提出一个求解该问题的直接算法。所给出的算法保证了迭代序列{X~((i))_(i=1)~∞的可行性,即有{X~((i))_(i=1)~∞(?)G。本文最后计算了一个梯级水电站群(包含5个水电站)的保证出力优化的实例,计算结果表明该算法是有效的。     

Evaluating the wind speed persistence for several wind stations in Peninsular Malaysia

An important factor to consider when evaluating wind energy potential is the wind speed persistence. In this study, persistence of the wind speed in Peninsular Malaysia is investigated based on the hourly data available at 10 wind stations from 2007 to 2009. To determine the degree of persistence in the data for each station, stationarity and variability are investigated using unit-root tests and the test for equality of variance respectively. Results from the unit-root tests indicated that the hourly wind speed for each station exhibits stationarity. The test for equality of variance, based on Levene’s test, shows that there exists a significant difference in the variability of wind speed between the different stations. Because the variance of the hourly wind speeds for the Chuping station is the smallest observed, the wind speed observed at this location is the most persistent compared to other locations. However, it is more meaningful to measure the persistence at a particular level of speed, one suitable to generate energy. Accordingly, the wind speed duration curve method is applied to the observed data for each station. Consequently, the wind speed at Mersing is found to be the most persistent, and, consequently, this location has the most potential for energy production compared to other locations.     

Optimal configuration for photovoltaic storage system capacity in 5G base station microgrids

Base station operators deploy a large number of distributed photovoltaics to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high electricity costs of 5G base stations. In this study, the idle space of the base station’s energy storage is used to stabilize the photovoltaic output, and a photovoltaic storage system microgrid of a 5G base station is constructed. Aiming at the capacity planning problem of photovoltaic storage systems, a two-layer optimal configuration method is proposed. The inner layer optimization considers the energy sharing among the base station microgrids, combines the communication characteristics of the 5G base station and the backup power demand of the energy storage battery, and determines an economic scheduling strategy for each photovoltaic storage system with the goal of minimizing the daily operation cost of the base station microgrid. The outer model aims to minimize the annual average comprehensive revenue of the 5G base station microgrid, while considering peak clipping and valley filling, to optimize the photovoltaic storage system capacity. The CPLEX solver and a genetic algorithm were used to solve the two-layer models. Considering the construction of the 5G base station in a certain area as an example, the results showed that the proposed model can not only reduce the cost of the 5G base station operators, but also reduce the peak load of the power grid and promote the local digestion of photovoltaic power.     

Comparison of methods for generating typical meteorological year using meteorological data from a tropical environment

This paper presents the comparison of methods for generating typical meteorological year (TMY) data set using a 10-year period of meteorological data from four stations in a tropical environment of Thailand. These methods are the Sadia National Laboratory method, the Danish method and the Festa and Ratto method. In investigating their performance, these methods were employed to generate TMYs for each station. For all parameters of the TMYs and the stations, statistical test indicates that there is no significant difference between the 10-year average values of these parameters and the corresponding average values from TMY generated from each method. The TMY obtained from each method was also used as input data to simulate two solar water heating systems and two photovoltaic systems with different sizes at the four stations by using the TRNSYS simulation program. Solar fractions and electrical output calculated using TMYs are in good agreement with those computed employing the 10-year period hourly meteorological data. It is concluded that the performance of the three methods has no significant difference for all stations under this investigation. Due to its simplicity, the method of Sandia National Laboratories is recommended for the generation of TMY for this tropical environment. The TMYs developed in this work can be used for solar energy and energy conservation applications at the four locations in Thailand.     

国内早期光伏电站的系统效率及系统效率损失分析

我国早期建成的光伏电站在数据采集监控(SCADA)系统应用方面相对薄弱,导致电站运维人员无法科学、准确地判断光伏电站的系统效率及电站的健康运行情况.对我国境内于2010～2015年投产的15座装机规模为10 MWp以上的光伏电站进行了实地检测,电站所在区域覆盖了华北、华东、华南、西北4个地区,电站类型包括平原光伏电站、...