新型隧穿磁强计结构－多梳齿结构

水平式隧穿磁强计在应用中,直梁所受的最大应力超出其许用应力出现直梁断裂的现象,同时由于所需驱动电压较高,限制了磁强计的应用范围。文中优先考虑梁内部应力对隧穿磁强计直梁尺寸进行设计,并改变其结构,采用新型的隧穿磁强计结构多梳齿结构,然后采用Ansys验证了改进后结构的正确性,同时对驱动电压和理论灵敏度进行了计算。研究结果表明：在保证直梁正常工作的前提下该设计可将磁强计所需的驱动电压降低到16．5V、在文中设计宽度下灵敏度较原宽度提高了1．35倍。     

推挽式线性驱动隧穿加速度计研究

介绍了隧穿加速度计的工作原理,设计了一种利用线性梳齿驱动、推挽式力平衡闭环控制的MEMS隧穿加速度计,采用体硅溶片工艺研制出了原理样机,由于结构和工艺简单,获得了较高的成品率,此技术还应用于隧穿陀螺仪和隧穿磁强计的研制.     

基于ADAMS车辆橡胶式扭转减振器特性分析

运用传统的双扭摆模型进行数学建模,应用单目标设计的解析法,设计了具有适合参数的橡胶式减振器,确定了转动惯量、阻尼和扭转刚度。运用MATLAB数学计算、绘图函数和ADAMS动力学仿真软件分别对减振前后的传动轴在发动机各种工况下的扭振特性进行比较和分析。首先编制程序绘制发动机典型工况下加装减振前后的传动轴的扭振响应对比图;其次采用ADAMS虚拟样机仿真的方法对安装有减振器的传动系统进行实体建模和仿真。计算结果表明,对于所研究的系统而言,橡胶式扭振减振器传动轴的扭振振幅在许用范围内波动均匀,保证传动轴的可靠安全运行。并且在发动机临界转速和最大功率时,减振器将传动轴的扭振角位移控制在了许用振幅以下,橡胶式扭振减振器能够达到更好的减振效果。     

基于共振隧穿微结构的GaAs基加速度计

介绍了一种基于共振隧穿微结构的GaAs基四梁式加速度计，设计了共振隧穿微结构以及GaAs基加速度计的结构，分析了加速度计的力学特性，讨论了加速度计的加工工艺，并利用该工艺在国内首次制作出加速度计。在分析了串联电阻的影响后，设计了加速度计的输出信号提取电路，并通过实验测试了该加速度计的线性度和灵敏度。结果表明：该加速度计的输出具有较好的线性度，而灵敏度比硅材料的最大压阻灵敏度高一个数量级，适合于高精度测试场合。     

某矿用车橡胶式扭振减振器的优化设计研究

针对某矿用车的传动轴断裂问题,通过对其发动机轴系扭振状况的研究,利用传统双扭摆模型求取了橡胶式扭振减振器基本参数,据此设计的减振器在理论上达到了减小轴系扭转振动的目的,可用于解决由发动机激励引起的传动轴扭振过大问题.     

后掠式叶片气动外形优化设计

后掠式叶片具有载荷自适应性，提出了一种以自然样条曲线为后掠曲线，以扭角为优化参数的后掠式叶片优化设计方法。以直叶片模型为设计起点，通过Profili软件获得叶片的截面数据并计算叶片翼型在不同攻角下的升力系数与阻力系数，以叶片功率系数最大以及叶片根部载荷最小为优化目标，采用遗传算法对叶片进行优化设计。根据优化结果获得的参数，建立后掠式叶片三维模型，在ANSYS Workbench中建立流场模型进行仿真分析得到叶片模型的压力分布情况。结果表明，通过对扭角、后掠值进行优化，后掠叶片模型对比直叶片模型其受到的载荷有所减小，优化设计方法可以用于指导后掠叶片的设计。     

水平式隧穿磁强计的反馈控制系统设计

分析了水平式隧穿磁强计控制系统的原理和特点;给出了反馈控制系统传递函数方框图;求出了水平式隧穿磁强计的表头、隧道效应及梳齿静电驱动等框图的传递函数.采用二阶有源带通滤波的方式来减弱外界的噪声影响,经实验验证,降低了隧道间隙的变动量,使得隧道间隙从0.4～1.6nm减少到0.9～1.1nm,满足设计要求.     

双质量飞轮的弧形弹簧角刚度计算及优化设计

针对汽车传动系扭转振动的减振问题,根据某C级轿车性能参数,通过推导并运用弧形螺旋弹簧的角刚度公式,提出了以角度为主要变量的弧形螺旋弹簧优化设计方法;考察了双质量飞轮各参数对传动系统固有特性的影响,并通过仿真,分析了在典型工况下各参数对减振效果的影响;设计了适合该型车的双质量飞轮式扭振减振器,建立了仿真模型,通过扭振仿真对所设计的双质量飞轮进行了分析;最后,在实验台上进行了扭振减振测试实验,结果表明减振效果达到了设计要求。     

关于改善石英谐振器的温度梯度及测温方法的研究

考虑到外界环境温度变化对石英谐振器输出的影响,提出了旨在减小石英谐振梁与外界环境温度之间温度梯度的结构设计和改进原则。一方面,通过传热学理论推导与ANSYS仿真建立了石英谐振器不同结构尺寸与温度梯度之间的关系,验证了该原则的有效性,并在此基础上对结构进行了改进,设计了一种具有更小温度梯度的石英谐振梁的结构。另一方面,提出了一种新型的间接测温方法,为后续准确的温度误差补偿工作建立条件。     

基于离散元法的立轴冲击式破碎机转子的结构优化

为了改善立轴冲击式破碎机转子对物料的加速效果,采用离散元软件EDEM仿真分析了转子结构对物料加速效果的影响并提出了采用正交试验、离散元仿真和回归分析相结合的方法对转子结构参数进行优化。首先,通过EDEM建立立轴冲击式破碎机转子关键结构参数对物料加速效果影响的仿真模型,设计正交试验方案并进行仿真试验,再运用MATLAB软件对仿真结果进行回归分析,建立以转子抛料速度为衡量指标的物料加速效果与影响因素的关系模型,最后利用该模型对转子的结构参数进行优化,得出当转子直径为830mm、分料锥倾角为17°、导料板安装角度为38°时物料加速效果最好,为立轴冲击式破碎机转子结构的改进设计提供了理论依据。     

Symmetric Equations for Evaluating Maximum Torsion Stress of Rectangular Beams in Compliant Mechanisms

There are several design equations available for calculating the torsional compliance and the maximum torsion stress of a rectangular cross-section beam, but most depend on the relative magnitude of the two dimensions of the crosssection(i.e., the thickness and the width). After reviewing the available equations, two thickness-to-width ratio Independent equations that are symmetric with respect to the two dimensions are obtained for evaluating the maximum torsion stress of rectangular cross-section beams. Based on the resulting equations, outside lamina emergent torsional joints are analyzed and some useful design Insights are obtained. These equations, together with the previous work on symmetric equations for calculating torsional compliance, provide a convenient and effective way for designing and optimizing torsional beams in compliant mechanisms.     

物料装载工况刮板输送机纵扭耦合振动分析

为提高刮板输送运行可靠性,研究了刮板输送机纵向与扭摆耦合振动特性。基于Voigt模型和逐点张力法建立刮板链条体系的扭摆振动分析模型,研究货载激励作用下激励作用点前后方有无物料的刮板链条体系扭摆振动特性。以求解可靠性和精度为前提,研究物料装载工况的扭摆振动影响区域和衰减特性,确定沿线不同区段扭摆振动单元的刮板最大数量,构建扭摆振动缩略模型。建立刮板链条体系的纵向与扭摆耦合振动力学模型,研究货载激励作用下刮板链条体系纵向与扭摆振动特性。理论和实验研究表明:物料装载工况下,货载激励引起激励施加处最大值为119.5%的刮板速度波动和78.6%的张力波动;在货载激励单元区段内两根链条的张力差最大为8.6%,并且初始时刻无物料情况下,货载激励引起的扭摆振动更明显。     

汽车扭力梁侧倾工况性能设计

主要阐述侧倾工况下扭力梁3个重要性能指标及其设计方法,即侧倾角刚度、侧倾前束角变化梯度和侧倾外倾角变化梯度。介绍相关结构参数和性能指标,建立整车-系统-结构三级性能指标的分解关系,提出一种侧倾性能结构布置长方体设计理念,通过汇总统计扭力梁结构参数和性能指标总结其常用范围,为扭力梁的性能设计提供参考。     

Computer automation of data acquisition from a Knudsen, torsion-effusion pendulum

A computer-automated data acquistion system has been developed for a dynamic torsion pendulum applied to measurement of vapor pressures at high temperatures by the torsion-effusion method. Laser beams reflected from mirrors on the pendulum are detected by a bank of photodetectors which, in turn, transmit signals representing pendulum positions through an encoder and interface to a laboratory computer with an internal clock. The computer uses pendulum position and time data with stored information to solve the equation of motion of the pendulum and to calculate vapor pressures. The physical parts, electronic circuits, and software are described and discussed. The rest point of a dynamic torsion pendulum has been reproduced within 1 min of arc.     

Thrust stand for vertically oriented electric propulsion performance evaluation

A variation of a hanging pendulum thrust stand capable of measuring the performance of an electric thruster operating in the vertical orientation is presented. The vertical orientation of the thruster dictates that the thruster must be horizontally offset from the pendulum pivot arm, necessitating the use of a counterweight system to provide a neutrally stable system. Motion of the pendulum arm is transferred through a balance mechanism to a secondary arm on which deflection is measured. A noncontact light-based transducer is used to measure displacement of the secondary beam. The members experience very little friction, rotating on twisting torsional pivots with oscillatory motion attenuated by a passive, eddy-current damper. Displacement is calibrated using an in situ thrust calibration system. Thermal management and self-leveling systems are incorporated to mitigate thermal and mechanical drifts. Gravitational force and torsional spring constants associated with flexure pivots provide restoring moments. An analysis of the design indicates that the thrust measurement range spans roughly four decades, with the stand capable of measuring thrust up to 12 N for a 200 kg thruster and up to approximately 800 mN for a 10 kg thruster. Data obtained from calibration tests performed using a 26.8 lbm simulated thruster indicated a resolution of 1 mN on 100 mN level thrusts, while those tests conducted on a 200 lbm thruster yielded a resolution of roughly 2.5 mN at thrust levels of 0.5 N and greater.     

超小型化弯扭组合实验装置的设计

提出了老式弯扭组合实验设备的缺点，通过对所测点A、B处应力应变状态分析，确立了设计超小型化弯扭组合实验装置的理论基础、设计原则，设计出了体积小，加载简单，结构尺寸合理，精度高的超小型化弯扭组合实验装置。     

周向长弧形弹簧式双质量飞轮迟滞非线性扭转特性模型研究

周向长弧形弹簧式双质量飞轮（DMF-CS）的扭转特性是扭转刚度及阻尼作用的综合效果,能更贴切地反映DMF-CS的隔振、阻振特性。对DMF-CS的扭转特性进行仿真分析,获得了不同摩擦因数下的扭转特性迟滞非线性曲线。仿真结果表明其滞回面积随摩擦因数的增大而增大,且以无摩擦时的扭矩曲线为基架。根据仿真分析结果建立了该DMF-CS的迟滞非线性扭转特性模型。进行了该DMF-CS扭转特性试验,应用试验数据对建立的模型进行了参数识别,模型识别结果与试验结果较接近,从而验证了模型的可靠性。     

扭摆加速度计负反馈电容驱动控制系统设计

该文建立了扭摆加速度计的数学模型,研究了运用复合形优化方法对负反馈电容驱动控制系统中PID调节器参数进行整定,分析了整定后的扭摆加速度计的相关性能。仿真结果表明,应用复合形法整定扭摆加速计中的PID参数是可行的,并取得了很好的整定效果。     

Coach simplified structure modeling and optimization study based on the PBM method

For the coach industry, rapid modeling and efficient optimization methods are desirable for structure modeling and optimization based on simplified structures, especially for use early in the concept phase and with capabilities of accurately expressing the mechanical properties of structure and with flexible section forms. However, the present dimension-based methods cannot easily meet these requirements. To achieve these goals, the property-based modeling (PBM) beam modeling method is studied based on the PBM theory and in conjunction with the characteristics of coach structure of taking beam as the main component. For a beam component of concrete length, its mechanical characteristics are primarily affected by the section properties. Four section parameters are adopted to describe the mechanical properties of a beam, including the section area, the principal moments of inertia about the two principal axles, and the torsion constant of the section. Based on the equivalent stiffness strategy, expressions for the above section parameters are derived, and the PBM beam element is implemented in HyperMesh software. A case is realized using this method, in which the structure of a passenger coach is simplified. The model precision is validated by comparing the basic performance of the total structure with that of the original structure, including the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order bending and torsional modal frequencies. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to choose design variables. The optimal Latin hypercube experiment design is adopted to sample the test points, and polynomial response surfaces are used to fit these points. To improve the bending and torsion stiffness and the first-order torsional frequency and taking the allowable maximum stresses of the braking and left turning conditions as constraints, the multi-objective optimization of the structure is conducted using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm on the ISIGHT platform. The result of the Pareto solution set is acquired, and the selection strategy of the final solution is discussed. The case study demonstrates that the mechanical performances of the structure can be well-modeled and simulated by PBM beam. Because of the merits of fewer parameters and convenience of use, this method is suitable to be applied in the concept stage. Another merit is that the optimization results are the requirements for the mechanical performance of the beam section instead of those of the shape and dimensions, bringing flexibility to the succeeding design.     

扭转刚度测试方法及对构架疲劳强度影响

根据构架在线路运行中的扭曲状态和标准JIS E 4207：2004《铁路车辆-转向架-转向架构架设计通则》中规定的构架扭转刚度测试方法提出改进的刚度测试方法,新的测试方法简单且实用性较强,误差有效地控制在7%之内。构架根据结构设计形式的不同分为管梁型构架及箱梁型构架。利用新的扭转刚度测试方法分别对管梁型构架及箱梁型构架进行扭转刚度测试,同时理论分析两种类型构架扭转刚度不同的原因。利用ANSYS仿真分析软件对两种类型的转向架构架进行仿真分析,得出：构架扭转刚度的大小主要取决于测量的横截面积及横梁的结构形式,管梁型结构构架扭转刚度小于箱梁型结构构架的扭转刚度;在构架受扭转变形影响较大的区域,如横梁与侧梁的连接位置,由于箱梁型构架扭转模态频率较高,其动应力幅值较管梁型构架要小。