不同冷速下超高摩尔质量聚乙烯性能变化的研究

采用超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)粉体为原料,通过模压成型,分别在炉、空气、水、液氮中冷却来改变其冷却速度。对不同冷速下的UHMWPE样品进行硬度、拉伸、接触角、摩擦磨损测试。利用SEM观察试样磨损形貌,DSC测试样品结晶度。结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样的结晶度降低;随着结晶度的增加,试样的硬度、屈服强度、拉伸强度和抗蠕变性能提高,但是试样的延伸率下降,同时试样表面润湿性降低。在25%小牛血清润滑条件下,随着结晶度的增加,UHMWPE的摩擦因数和磨损量降低,耐磨性提高。     

退火工艺对3D打印制品性能的影响

使用熔融沉积成型(FDM)工艺,3D打印了聚乳酸(PLA)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)材质的试样,并将试样在不同退火温度和时间下进行热处理。将退火后的试样进行拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜分析和X-射线衍射分析。结果表明:ABS试样在退火温度为40℃、退火时间为3 h时,平均拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大。随着退火温度的提高,PLA试样的拉伸强度和结晶度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,且试样的拉伸强度和结晶度呈正相关关系。当退火温度为100℃、退火时间为1 h时,PLA试样的拉伸强度最大。通过扫描电镜观察发现,随着退火时间的延长,PLA和ABS打印试样的断面层间孔隙减小,丝材的粘结面积增大。     

热拉伸处理温度对PPTA纤维结晶和力学性能的影响

为提高国产聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)纤维的拉伸模量，采用热拉伸法在不同温度下对PPTA纤维进行处理，利用纤维强伸度仪、乌氏黏度计、X射线散射仪对纤维进行测试，研究热拉伸处理温度对纤维结晶性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着热处理温度的升高，PPTA纤维的拉伸强度降低，模量先增大后减小，在440～480℃时综合力学性能较好；PPTA纤维的结晶度与模量变化趋势相似，在拉伸温度为500℃时结晶度最大为74.0%;与未处理PPTA纤维相比，热拉伸处理后纤维的晶粒尺寸增大，取向度提高；比浓对数黏度与拉伸强度的变化趋势一致，随着热处理温度的升高而降低。     

胶料预处理对补强硅橡胶性能的影响

本文研究了胶料预处理的不同方式对硅橡胶补强的影响。结果表明：无论含羟基硅油与否,170℃预处理硅橡胶的拉伸强度最高,放置处理试样的拉伸强度介于未处理和170℃预处理之间;胶料预处理与否对不含羟基硅油的硅橡胶硬度没有影响。含羟基硅油的硅橡胶中,170℃预处理的试样硬度最低,未处理的试样硬度最高。含羟基硅油的硅橡胶断裂伸长率变化不大。不含羟基硅油的硅橡胶断裂伸长率为170℃预处理的试样最低。     

钛酸钾晶须填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的性能研究

创新地采用钛酸钾晶须(PTW)填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料。实验表明:PTW的加入对复合材料性能影响各异,经过偶联剂处理的PTW改性的复合材料具有较好的拉伸强度、较高的维卡软化点、较高的硬度和摩擦磨损性能。其中硅烷偶联剂KH-550的处理效果比NDZ-201处理的好。PTW的加入能够改变UHMWPE的磨损机理,纯的UHMWPE表现为犁沟及塑性变形,填充PTW可减轻磨损表面的犁沟和塑性变形状况。热分析表明:PTW在UHMWPE中有一定的异相成核作用,减少晶粒尺寸的大小,增加结晶度。     

UHMWPE纤维针织物-环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

将等离子体处理前后的超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维针织物分别与环氧树脂在平板硫化机上进行复合,制作出UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料,对其进行裁样,测试UHMWPE纤维针织物复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和压缩性能。结果表明:经等离子体处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均有较大提高,压缩强度有小幅增加。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯表面改性及对天然橡胶性能的影响

以过氧化二苯甲酰对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行表面处理,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪进行了表征,并用扫描电镜观察了微观形貌,制备了天然橡胶(NR)/UHMWPE复合材料,研究了改性UHMWPE对NR硫化特性、力学性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,改性后的UHMWPE表面粗糙度增加,熔融温度升高;NR/UHMWPE复合材料的最佳硫化条件为140℃、20 min。随着改性UHMWPE用量的增加,NR/UHMWPE复合材料的邵尔A硬度逐渐增大,拉伸强度逐渐减小。改性UHMWPE与NR基体黏结性较好,改善了复合材料的力学性能和动态力学性能。     

多级拉伸中超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的结构与性能研究

采用凝胶纺丝-超拉伸技术纺制了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维。采用双折射法、DSC热分析法对不同拉伸级数的纤维进行了结构分析并测试了其力学性能和抗蠕变性能。研究结果表明:随着拉伸倍数的增加,纤维的取向度、结晶度及热性能得到了提高,力学性能和抗蠕变性得到改善,可得到纤维强度大于30cN/dtex,模量超过1200cN/dtex的高性能纤维。     

EVA对PP/EVA共混物力学性能的影响

将不同配比的聚丙烯(PP)和乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)进行共混,测试了共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度;用差示扫描量热法研究了共混物的结晶性能;用扫描电镜(SEM)二次电子成像系统分析了试样的断口形貌,研究了EVA含量对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明:EVA的加入提高了EVA/PP共混体系的韧性,同时降低了PP的结晶度。     

聚醚醚酮的FDM工艺参数与结晶行为研究

采用熔融沉积成型技术(FDM)制备了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)试样,并应用试验设计(DOE)方法分析研究了打印层高、热台温度和打印速度对PEEK试样拉伸强度和结晶行为的影响。结果表明:当打印层高、热台温度和打印速度分别为0.10 mm、160℃、30 mm/s时试样的拉伸强度最大(82 MPa)。3个打印参数从试样的层间结合、缺陷与结晶行为等方面不同程度地影响着PEEK试样的拉伸强度;随着热台温度的提升,试样的结晶度提高。而在同一热台温度下,由于打印过程中存在的温度分布差异,试样存在着明显的结晶不均匀现象,从试样的中心到边缘、沿厚度增加方向,结晶度逐步降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。