壳聚糖对桑叶水提液的絮凝工艺研究

运用单因素实验和正交实验,以总黄酮和总多糖含量为指标,对壳聚糖加入量、桑叶水提液质量体积比、药液pH值及水浴温度进行考察,确定壳聚糖对桑叶水提液的最佳絮凝工艺条件为:桑叶水提液质量体积比1∶10(g∶mL)、壳聚糖加入量1.2 mL.g-1、药液pH值6.0、水浴温度35℃、絮凝时间3 h。在此条件下,所得总黄酮和总多糖平均含量分别提高至27.46 mg.mL-1、51.15 mg.mL-1。该方法成本低、生产周期短。     

云南元宝枫茶营养成分分析

对云南元宝枫茶的化学成分进行分析测定。结果表明,元宝枫茶粗蛋白含量为13.42%,氨基酸为11.79g/100g干叶;必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.48%。单宁含量10.82%。SOD含量91.40μg/g鲜叶。VE含量14.13mg/100g鲜叶。总黄酮含量4.13%,绿原酸含量2.38%。矿质元素含量丰富,尤其是Ca,K等,并具有十分典型的高钾低钠特点。有较高的营养价值及医疗保健作用。     

阳离子淀粉复合絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理

以玉米淀粉和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为原料,采用干法合成高取代度阳离子淀粉,并与聚合三氯化铝(PAC)复合来对高岭土悬浮液进行絮凝处理。考察了聚合三氯化铝和阳离子淀粉的质量配比、沉降时间以及pH对絮凝性能的影响。最佳絮凝条件ρ(阳离子淀粉)=5mg/L(高岭土悬浮液),m(PAC)∶m(阳离子淀粉)=10∶1,沉降时间为32min,pH=9。在此条件下,高岭土悬浮液的浊度可降至3.1。     

元宝枫植物单宁的提取及其阳离子改性的研究

采用丙酮-水的混合液提取元宝枫翅果中单宁,再利用甲醛、二甲胺和氯化苄对提取的单宁进行阳离子改性.实验结果发现,当丙酮-水混合液浸提温度为55℃,水与丙酮体积比为1:0.5时,提取效果理想.在单宁的阳离子改性中,发现单宁阳离子化改性的理想反应条件为胺甲基化反应温度85℃,pH 6.0左右,m(单宁):m(二甲胺):m(甲醛)=1:1.5:1,反应时间为3 h,氯化苄季铵化反应温度90℃,m(胺甲基单宁):m(氯化苄)=1:0.8,反应时间2 h.应用结果表明,阳离子改性单宁具有良好的阻垢和缓蚀作用.     

壳聚糖对银杏叶水提液的絮凝工艺研究

采用天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖对银杏叶水提液进行絮凝提取,其目的是优化生产工艺,提高药液的澄清度和药液质量。实验利用光的吸收和散射定律,以絮凝率和总黄酮损失率为衡量指标,判断不同影响因素对絮凝效果的影响,并将其与醇沉工艺的提取方法进行比较。结果通过单因素实验先判断出有利于絮凝的趋势,之后又利用正交实验确定了絮凝的最佳工艺条件:絮凝剂质量浓度1.071 g/L,絮凝温度40℃,体系pH值4.9。并且得出壳聚糖对银杏叶水提液的絮凝工艺效果明显优于醇沉法。     

阳离子淀粉絮凝剂St-g-PDMC-GTA的合成及其絮凝性能

针对常用絮凝剂金属离子和有毒有机单体残留等问题,通过淀粉(st)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)合成St-g-PDMC,再与3-氯-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)醚化反应接枝共聚合成阳离子淀粉絮凝剂St-g-PDMC-GTA。考察了催化剂用量、单体比例、反应温度和反应时间对产物氮含量的影响。结果表明,当m(St-g-PDMC):m(CTA)=1:1.4,催化剂NaOH用量为反应物固含量的8%,反应温度70℃,反应时间4h时,St-g-PDMC-GTA的氮含量最高为4.17%,特性黏度为0.1581 dL·g~(-1)。采用高岭土悬浊液为模拟污水,对St-g-PDMC、St-g-PDMC-GTA和市售阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)进行絮凝实验,考察了絮凝剂投加量、絮凝体系pH值、絮凝温度和絮凝时间对透光率的影响。结果表明,St-g-PDMC-GTA的适宜投加量为5～8 mg·L~(-1),pH为2～8,絮凝时间30 min后模拟液的透光率大于90%。     

阳离子淀粉复合聚铁基絮凝剂的制备及絮凝效果研究

以聚铁基化合物为基本单元,用3-氯-2-羟丙基氯化铵(CHPTA)为醚化剂制备阳离子淀粉(CS),修饰聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF),制得两种聚铁基-淀粉复合絮凝剂,即PFS+CS和PSAF+CS。并通过红外光谱(IR)对絮凝剂进行了结构表征;通过对废水絮凝前后COD_(Gr)及Zn~(2+)含量测定,探讨了絮凝剂的絮凝效果。结论表明,聚铁基-阳离子改性淀粉复合絮凝剂的絮凝效果较好。     

壳聚糖对赤芍水提液的絮凝工艺研究

采用壳聚糖法对赤芍水提液进行了絮凝研究.通过单因素实验和正交实验,以芍药苷含量为指标,确定壳聚糖最佳絮凝工艺条件为:赤芍水提液浓度1∶10(g∶mL)、药液pH值5.0、壳聚糖加入量1.0 mL·g-1、絮凝水浴温度50℃、絮凝时间4 h,在此条件下,芍药苷的含量达到3.47 mg·mL-1.采用该方法精制赤芍水提液,芍药苷含量较高,且成本低,生产周期短.     

阳离子型接枝淀粉絮凝性能研究

以玉米淀粉和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成阳离子型接枝淀粉St-g-PDMC。通过正交实验对St-g-PDMC的合成条件进行了优化,并采用FTIR和SEM对产物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,St-g-PDMC的最佳合成条件:淀粉2 g,m(St)∶m(DMC)=1∶1.25,引发剂质量0.6 g,反应温度60℃,反应时间5 h。在此条件下,合成的St-g-PDMC中氮为3.40%,接枝率101.8%。以质量分数为2%的高岭土悬浊液为模拟水样,研究了St-g-PDMC的絮凝性能。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液絮凝性能的研究

以相对分子质量为20 000的聚乙二醇(PEG20000)为分散剂,将丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)进行自由基共聚,得到了具有较低表观黏度,较高固含量的稳定的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)水包水乳液。研究了PEG20000、DMC、引发剂(KPS)、聚合温度等因素对聚合体系的表观黏度的影响;高岭土的絮凝实验表明,在聚合温度为40℃,反应时间5～8 h,w(PEG20000)=80%、w(KPS)=0.8%,w(MBA)=0.3%,w(DMC)=10%,产品的絮凝效果较好;TEM分析表明,分散相液滴以球状和丝状分散于体系当中;并用FTIR表征了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的结构。     

Aqueous enzymatic extraction and quality evaluation of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil

Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated. The effects of enzyme type on the extraction yield of oil were studied, and the results showed that the oil yield obtained with pentosanase was higher than that obtained with the other enzymes. The combination of pentosanase and cellulase showed better extraction performance than a single enzyme, and the operation parameters of the AEE method were optimized. A maximum oil yield of 37.94% was obtained. The analysis results of chemical compositions of the extracted oils showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil extracted by the AEE method was 90.28%, and the content of nervonic acid was about 5.59%. In addition, the main physical and chemical properties of A. truncatum Bunge seed oil were measured. The oil obtained by the AEE method met the China National Standard of A. truncatum Bunge oil.     

Enrichment of high-purity nervonic acid ethyl ester from Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil by combination method of urea inclusion and molecular distillation

Acer truncatum Bunge is a type of maple that is unique to China. Its fruit setting rate and seed oil content are both high. The oil is mainly composed of C16–C24 fatty acids and contains 5%–7% nervonic acid (NA). NA and its derivatives can delay ageing and prevent and treat disorders such as senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The content of NA ethyl ester prepared by the seed oil of A. truncatum Bunge is 5.84%. We report a new process for the enrichment of NA ethyl ester by urea inclusion (UI) and molecular distillation (MD), with the aim of obtaining highly pure NA ethyl ester. First, based on the difference in fatty acid ethyl ester saturation and carbon chain length, unwanted compounds such as oleic acid ethyl ester, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and sterol were removed by one-stage UI, the content of NA ethyl ester was increased to 18.69%. The oil in the UI compound was used as a feed, and differences in the mean molecular free paths between the components were exploited to separate the C16–C20 fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) by two-stage MD. The total content of C16–C20 FAEEs decreased to 3.69% and the purity of NA ethyl ester increased to 47.47%. A new purification process of UI-MD-UI was established and NA ethyl ester could be purified to 91.8%. The combination of MD and UI has an important reference value for the industrialization of producing high-purity NA ethyl ester.     

元宝枫黄酮提取方法研究

采用将正交试验与单因素实验相结合的方法,对影响黄酮提取率的主要因素进行研究。结果表明,从元宝枫叶中提取黄酮的较佳条件为:用50%甲醇为溶剂,料液比1∶16,温度800℃,提取时间6h。     

元宝枫绿原酸的超声提取方法研究

以乙醇溶液为溶剂 ,利用超声效应提取元宝枫叶中绿原酸 ,对超声强度 ,超声作用时间 ,料液比等因素进行研究。其较佳条件为 :室温下乙醇质量分数 3 0 % ,超声强度 2档 ,作用时间 15min ,料液比为 1∶16,提取次数2次。     

Flocculation properties and adsorption kinetics of cationic starches in kaolin suspensions

The flocculation characteristics of cationic starches with degree of substitution (DS 0.32–0.63) have been evaluated in 1.0 wt % kaolin suspension by spectrophotometry and colloid titration. Cationic starch is found to be an effective flocculant for removal of anionic suspension particles. Changes in the electrokinetics of kaolin as a function of pH were investigated in the absence of flocculant. The results show that kaolin in water exhibits a negative surface charge at pH > 2.5. The negative hydrophilic surface sites of kaolin are responsible for the adsorption of cationic starch molecules. The experimental data of the adsorption of cationic starch (DS 0.51) follow a Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities of 16.89 mg/g. For the adsorption of cationic starch, chemical reaction seems significant in the rate‐controlling step and the pseudosecond‐order chemical reaction kinetics provides the best correlation for the experimental data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

超声波提取元宝枫种壳中单宁的研究

利用超声波以水为溶剂提取元宝枫种壳中单宁,对超声功率、超声作用时间、水量、提取次数等因素进行研究。其较佳条件为:超声功率中挡、作用时间10~20 m in,固液比1∶24,提取次数1次。波谱分析得出单宁类型为缩合型。     

超声波提取元宝枫叶总黄酮方法研究

利用超声波以水为溶剂提取元宝枫叶黄酮 ,对超声功率 ,超声作用时间 ,水量等因素进行研究。其较佳条件为 :超声功率中挡 ,作用时间 15min ,固液比为 1∶2 0 ,提取次数 2次     

采出水处理反应设备的研究与试验

在采出水处理工艺流程中,第一次引入专门设计的混合、反应、分离设备,以提高药剂的使用效果,提高重力分离单元(沉降和浮选)的处理效果。通过现场试验,确定药剂的反应条件。试验结果接近药剂筛选的指标,提高了后续设备的分离效率和控制精度。