环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中水循环系统的分析

以某石化公司的单苯抽提装置采用的环丁砜液-液抽提工艺为基础对环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中的水循环系统进行了分析,指明了环丁砜液-液抽提工艺中水的循环过程,循环水的主要作用在于生产汽提水和汽提蒸汽,从而提高汽提塔和回收塔中苯和非芳烃的分离效果,确保产品苯的高纯度;保护回收塔塔釜溶剂不被分解,减少溶剂损耗;溶剂回收利用为抽余油水洗塔提供合格的水洗水。     

茂名石化芳烃装置抽余油水洗塔技术改造

采用天津大学精馏技术国家工程研究中心开发的抽余油水洗系统改造工艺包,对茂名石化芳烃装置抽余油水洗工艺进行改造。通过对液-液抽提系统的水系统进行重新设计和核算,确定改造方案为:更换水洗塔塔盘、降液管、液体分布器,设计循环水洗涤,增设清洗塔和换热器。改造后的水洗塔能将抽余油中的环丁砜含量由原来的60mg/kg降到1mg/kg,达到工艺要求。改造后的水洗工艺具有节能、高效的特点,经济效益显著。     

芳烃装置抽提塔界位波动原因分析及处理

芳烃抽提装置抽提塔界位是反映抽提塔物料平衡的重要参数,对于稳定抽提效果、减少溶剂消耗、保证芳烃纯度及抽余油产品质量都具有重要作用。本文对引起抽提塔界位波动的原因进行分析,提出了稳定抽提塔进出各介质流量、稳定原料性质等控制方法,确保抽提塔界位平稳运行。     

芳烃装置抽余油中溶剂含量控制的技术改进及应用

文章就采用液-液抽提技术的相关石化和炼油厂的芳烃装置运行情况,阐述了在传统抽余油水洗工艺基础之上,采用改进技术,不仅实现了对抽余油中溶剂含量≤1mg/kg的有效控制,而且节能降耗和增加效益。     

加工食品级重整抽余油的对策

抽提蒸馏工艺(SED技术)较液-液抽提工艺省去了抽提塔,具有工艺流程简单、投资少、能耗低,主产品苯纯度高等特点,但其副产品重整抽余油纯度低,芳烃夹带量高,芳烃收率略低。装置在未增添任何分离设备的条件下,通过一系列工艺参数改进,最终产出了高纯度的食品级重整抽余油。     

芳烃抽提工艺改造

通过增设抽提塔顶抽余油出口、改造水系统补流程、改造湿溶剂回收流程及增设芳烃水洗罐等措施,对中原油田石化总厂芳烃抽提特种油装置进行技术改造,改造后芳烃抽提系统操作稳定,产品质量合格。     

混合二甲苯在苯乙烯抽提装置开车过程中的应用

苯乙烯抽提装置传统开工方式一般分为倒开车和顺序开车,倒开车即提前准备好苯乙烯产品,将其填充至系统中,顺序开车则将C_8/C_9原料按照工艺流程的顺序进行开车。介绍苯乙烯抽提装置第三种开车方式,即首先将混合二甲苯填充至C_8/C_9切割塔进行油运,待抽提系统溶剂热运正常后将混合二甲苯改至抽提系统,然后将混合二甲苯改至脱色和精制系统,打通全流程进行油运。采用混合二甲苯油运后,大幅减少了正常投料过程中各过滤器清理的频次,降低了开车阶段因设备故障导致的苯乙烯聚合风险,同时混合二甲苯油运过程中各工艺参数已基本调整到位,为产出合格苯乙烯产品提供了有利条件。     

低压醇分离器闪蒸气甲醇含量高的对策措施

针对甲醇装置开车后合成回路低压醇分离器闪蒸气甲醇含量高的问题,新增水洗塔,将闪蒸气引入水洗塔洗涤,降低闪蒸气中的甲醇含量,同时回收闪蒸气中的甲醇。水洗塔投用后,效果十分明显,闪蒸气中的甲醇含量得到有效控制。     

抽余油中溶剂含量高的原因分析与解决

分析了玉门炼化总厂重整车间苯分离装置抽余油溶剂含量偏高的原因是水循环系统的异常操作造成,对芳烃抽提装置水洗系统的溶剂含量分布和水汽提塔的操作异常现象进行分析,从而对现有装置生产中如何实现对水循环系统出现异常时的判断及处理提出了解决措施。     

化工行业拟／在建项目I

1）陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司榆林炼油厂,项目内容：榆林炼油厂20000m。／h制氢装置、20万t／aDCC裂解轻油加氢改质、20万t／a裂解石脑油加氢、苯抽提装置。其中,苯抽提装置为新增装置。项目进入工程设计阶段。主要设备：苯抽提装置抽提塔、汽提塔、水洗塔、水分馏塔等。     

Extraction of rice bran oil using aqueous media

Aqueous extraction of oil from rice bran was studied on a laboratory scale and the resulting product was examined. The following process parameters influencing oil extraction were individually investigated: pH of aqueous media, extraction temperature, extraction time, agitation speed and rice bran‐to‐water ratio. Extraction temperature and pH were found to be the main factors influencing oil extraction. The highest oil yield was obtained at pH 12.0, extraction temperature 50 °C, extraction time 30 min, agitation speed 1000 rpm, and rice bran‐to‐water ratio 1.5‐to‐10. The quality of aqueous‐extracted oil in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value and saponification value was similar to a commercial sample of rice bran oil and hexane‐extracted oil, but the peroxide value was higher. Furthermore, the colour of aqueous‐extracted oil was paler than solvent‐extracted oil. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

镍系顺丁橡胶溶剂及丁二烯回收装置过程模拟

溶剂及丁二烯回收装置是镍系顺丁橡胶生产工艺中的重要组成部分,其能耗占整个装置的40%左右,是顺丁橡胶生产过程中节能降耗的关键工序。某企业原本采用抽余油为溶剂,回收工艺采用六塔流程,后为降低能耗,将抽余油更换为己烷溶剂,并对原有工艺进行了相应改造,如降低溶剂脱重塔的回流量,并对回收油脱水塔塔底产物进行直采。本文结合其生产工艺改造前后的生产情况和实际生产操作数据,应用Aspen Hysys软件分别对改造前和改造后的溶剂回收流程进行建模和模拟,并与实际结果进行对比以验证模拟的准确性。在产品质量符合生产指标的情况下,对比分离要求和能耗,模拟结果表明改造后的流程总能耗降低15.25%,节能效果十分显著,其中回收油脱水塔和溶剂脱重塔的能耗降低最为明显。     

油浆抽余油FCC反应

油浆经萃取分离得到以饱和烃为主的理想组分——抽余油。利用该油作为原料进行FCC反应,并与石蜡基重油从原料性质、反应工艺条件、产品分布及性质、再生剂性能等方面进行对比研究。结果表明：抽余油具有良好的FCC性能,其合适的反应条件为剂油比6.0、反应温度520 ℃、重时空速12.0 h?1;在各自最优工艺条件下,抽余油比重油液体收率增加1.69%,生焦率上升0.02%;在相同工艺条件即剂油比5.0、反应温度500 ℃、空速14.4 h?1,抽余油比重油液体收率增加0.19%,生焦率上升2.55%;与重油相比,抽余油FCC汽油辛烷值相当,FCC柴油十六烷值降低3.7,其再生剂失活程度较小。因此,抽余油完全可以替代重油作为FCC的原料,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

A Review on Extraction Techniques and Its Future Applications in Industry

Extraction is a mandatory process for most of the industries, especially in the food processing industry to obtain the targeted compounds from various sources such as plant or seed samples. This review paper provides information about various extraction techniques that are normally used in the edible oil extraction industry. Five extraction techniques are presented in this paper. Among all the techniques presented in this paper, pressing and solvent extraction methods are considered as traditional techniques while supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extractions are considered as advanced techniques. Both advantages and disadvantages of supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted extractions are discussed. Furthermore, the parameters that would affect the output of each technique are included in each section. Nowadays, research is going on to further enhance the extraction method to obtain a higher extraction yield or increase the quality of the extraction product. The enhancement can be either combining two or more extraction techniques into one complete process or modifying the available technique alone. Therefore, the theoretical knowledge provided in this review will be useful for future researchers who are interested in enhancing the extraction techniques. Practical Applications : Extraction is a mandatory process in edible oil extraction industry. Extraction industry is always looking for a process which is high efficiency and low extraction cost. Therefore, various advanced techniques or treatments are applied to optimize the oil yield and shorten the extraction time. This paper provides a review on various techniques by summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The information can be very useful for improving the current extraction technique to further optimize the oil yield or enhance the quality of oil.     

超临界流体萃取沙棘油实验研究

建立了一套萃取实验装置 ,对超临界CO2 流体萃取沙棘油进行了实验研究。压力 15— 30MPa,温度 30— 5 0℃。分别考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、颗粒度、物料填充量以及萃取时间等条件对萃取率的影响 ,并就工艺参数对萃取率的影响机理和原因进行了分析与讨论。结果表明 :当压力为 2 5MPa、温度为 40℃时可获得较高的萃取率。流量为 0 .2m3 /h时 ,萃取时间为 4— 5h。化学成分分析结果证明 :沙棘油中饱和脂肪酸含量占 12 .3%,不饱和脂肪酸含量占 87.7%。     

稠油乳状液屈服特性及环道启动压力预测

针对海上平台稠油管线停输置换、再启动难题,以旅大稠油为研究对象,利用Rheolab QC流变仪测量系统剖析稠油及其乳状液启动过程与初始阶段力学响应特性,讨论含水率、启动温度、静置时间与恒定剪切速率对启动屈服应力的影响作用,自主研制并加工搭建了室内小型再启动环道实验装置,测量与验证再启动压力理论预测值可靠性。实验结果表明：稠油乳状液启动过程可划分为屈服、衰减和平衡3个阶段,启动屈服应力均在反相点附近达到最大值,随着启动温度升高而降低,随恒定剪切速率增大而增大;适当增大启动流量可缩短管线启动时间,但同时也增大了启动压力;基于启动屈服应力的启动压力预测值是环道实验装置测量值的2～3倍,而基于平衡剪切应力的启动压力预测值与实测值吻合较好,平均相对误差为4.5%。     

Untersuchungen zur Extraktion ölhaltiger Rohstoffe I Theoretisches Modell eines Gegenstrom-Extrakteurs

Investigations of the Extraction of Oil Containing Raw Materials I: The Theoretical Model of a Countercurrent Extractor Pressing and extraction of oil containing raw materials belong to the processes of fat technology with high demands on energy. To obtain the fats from raw materials of high oil content seems to be an interesting solution from this point of view. For an objective valuation of the trials or a semi technical solution it is necessary to explain the countercurrent extraction mathematically. In the present work a model is suggested basing on the balance equation in the final form log (1-E) = -0.4343 B.t, where constant B characterizes single variable dimensions.     

合成煤焦油在煤粉锅炉点火中的应用试验研究

为了降低发电成本,解决石油深加工后造成的火力发电厂燃煤锅炉点火用渣油不存在的问题,经过试验研究,成功地实现了风扇磨煤机直吹式制粉系统锅炉启动点火用合成煤焦油代替渣油,并且达到了锅炉小油点火启动,每台锅炉一次冷态启动减少耗油量20 t;并对原来的油系统和油喷嘴进行了改造,实现了无蒸汽加热、小油枪雾化的点火方式,总结出相应的启动运行方案.通过热态试验测得,锅炉启动时参数变化平稳,锅炉升温、升压速度及壁温控制正常.     

A Comparative Study on Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Parameters to Obtain Portulaca Oleracea Seed Oil with Higher Bioactive Content and Antioxidant Activity Than Solvent Extraction

Portulaca oleracea (purslane) seed oil is a rich source of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Extraction of the purslane seed oil while preserving its high nutritive quality has been a challenge since conventional solvent extraction has many adverse effects on bioactive content. This study aims the optimization of purslane seed oil supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions and to compare purslane seed oils obtained with SFE and conventional solvent extraction in terms of oil yield, along with the purslane seed oil quality and bioactive content. For this purpose, the SFE process parameters (pressure, temperature, static time, and dynamic time) are optimized for oil yield, omega-6, omega-3, and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum SFE pressure, temperature, static time, and dynamic time levels are determined as 350 bar, 50 °C, 20 min, and 90 min, respectively. Oil yield and physicochemical quality properties of conventional solvent extract and SFE samples are determined and compared. Consequently, samples obtained via SFE and solvent extraction have similar quality properties. Distinctly, SFE allows an extraction with 5.6% higher total phenolic compound (TPC) and 33% higher antioxidant activity than solvent extraction. Practical Applications: In the study, the extraction of purslane oil using supercritical fluid extraction is optimized with different approaches. At optimum conditions, purslane oil is extracted and all physicochemical properties and the process efficiency (yield) are compared with the solvent-extracted samples. The results of this study make supercritical fluid extraction of purslane seed oil possible since all optimum operating conditions of a pilot-sized extractor are reported in the study. It is believed that the results provide a good starting point for industrial operations. Moreover, researchers also believe that research studies unveiling the new potential oil-bearing seeds are important to overcome the vegetable oil shortage that emerged this year.     

Optimization of Solvent Extraction of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Seed Kernel Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Extraction of seed kernel oil from moringa (Moringa oleifera) was investigated with hexane, petroleum ether and acetone as the first extraction medium at various kernel particle size, extraction temperature and residence time, which were called as independent variables. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of experiments was used to study the effect of solvent type, particle size, extraction temperature and residence time of solvent on the oil yield, which was called as dependent variable. The maximum oil yield of 33.1% for hexane, 31.8% for petroleum ether and 31.1% for acetone was obtained. Among the three solvents, hexane yielded the maximum oil from moringa seed kernels. Among three process parameters studied, particle size had the most significant effect on the oil yield followed by extraction temperature and time for all the solvents. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the independent variables for maximum oil extraction. From the optimized values of particle size (0.62 mm), extraction temperature (56.5°C) and residence time (7 h), maximum oil yield obtained was 33.5%, using hexane. Optimized values of independent variables for maximum yield were varied for other two solvents. This protocol provides improved opportunities for the medicinal use of moringa oil in addition to its popularity as a vegetable in south Asia.