二茂铁磺酰氮丙啶衍生物的合成

本文以二茂铁为起始原料 ,经磺化、酰化得到二茂铁磺酰氯 ,将磺酰氯在碱存在下与取代氮丙啶反应 ,得到了二茂铁磺酰烷基取代的氮丙啶衍生物 ,对产物进行了元素分析、IR和 H1NMR表征     

含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以二茂铁为起始原料,通过一系列反应合成二茂铁二甲酰氯中间体;以酸或者苯氧乙酸为起始原料,合成中间体1,2,4-三唑化合物,最后二茂铁二甲酰氯与1,2,4-三唑化合物反应,生成含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物。通过1H-NMR、FT-IR及ESI-HRMS进行了目标化合物结构的表征;最后,将合成的目标化合物分别对小麦赤霉病、马铃薯干腐病、烟草赤星病和西瓜枯萎病进行了初步的抗植物真菌活性试验,测试结果显示,部分化合物表现出较好的抗植物真菌活性。     

羟甲基二茂铁的合成研究

以三聚甲醛为原料,在硫酸的催化作用下,与二茂铁发生亲电取代反应,合成了羟甲基二茂铁,并通过IR谱图确定其结构。并通过单因素法分析了原料配比、反应温度、硫酸浓度、反应时间等条件对反应的影响,确定了反应最佳条件:在二茂铁及三聚甲醛摩尔比为1∶1.4,反应温度为-5℃,硫酸的浓度为60%时,反应时间为18 min,其产率为65.7%。     

1,1′-二茂铁二羧酸二辛酯的合成方法研究

对1,1′-二茂铁二羧酸二辛酯的合成方法开展了研究.通过二茂铁的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应合成了1,1′-二乙酰基二茂铁,然后用次氯酸钠氧化1,1′-二乙酰基二茂铁得到1,1′-二茂铁二甲酸.研究了1,1′-二茂铁二甲酸直接酯化法制备1,1′-二茂铁二甲酸二甲酯,以其为原料通过酯交换的方法可以65％的收率和四步合计48％的总收率实现1,1′-二茂铁二甲酸二辛酯的合成,产物结构用1H-NMR、IR进行了表征.     

N-二茂铁乙酰基-Leu-Gly-OMe的合成

以二茂铁乙酸为原料,液相法合成了二茂铁肽衍生物FcCH2CO-Leu-OMe,用IR、1HNMR、元素分析对其进行了结构表征,并对其波谱数据进行了分析.     

4-氯丁基二茂铁的合成

以γ 二茂铁丁酸为原料经过还原、氯代二步反应合成4 氯丁基二茂铁。用正交实验优化了氯代反应的工艺条件,得到最佳工艺条件为:n(4 二茂铁丁醇)∶n(五氯化磷)=1∶0 85、反应温度5℃、反应时间2h、溶剂(氯仿)用量200mL(30g4 二茂铁丁醇)。在最优条件下收率可达55%。经过提纯后产品纯度w(4 氯丁基二茂铁)≥99%。     

合成乙烯基二茂铁的简易方法

乙烯基二茂铁的合成方法,以往是将二茂铁在磷酸等催化剂作用下与乙酸酐或乙酞氯反应合成单乙酰基二茂铁,分离后用氢化锂铝或硼氢化钠还原成a-二茂铁基乙醇,再经脱水制成乙烯基二茂铁。此方法按原始原料计算乙烯基二茂铁的产率很低。本文提出依据二茂铁在低温浓硫酸溶液中,与醛反应生成a-二茂铁正碳离子的反应机理,不经分离即可脱水,制得乙烯基二茂铁。该方法可使乙烯基二茂铁的产率大大提高。其反应式如下:     

含二茂铁结构单元的新型共聚物乳液的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、二茂铁单甲酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸甲酯为原料制备了新型、对热稳定的含二茂铁单元的共聚物乳液,研究了共聚工艺,并对所制备的乳液进行了表征.     

手性α-(二甲胺基)乙基二茂铁的制备

以二茂铁为原料,通过烷基化、加氢还原、酯化、胺化反应以及手性拆分方法,开发了一种简单、经济的手性α-(二甲胺基)乙基二茂铁的合成方法。     

(2,2-双二茂铁基丙烷)-6,6′-二酰基取代衍生物的合成与表征

以2,2-双二茂铁基丙烷为原料,在BF3催化下进行两步酰化反应,合成了3种6,6′-不同酰基取代双二茂铁基丙烷,在进行戊酰化时分离到了6,6′-二戊酰基双二茂铁基丙烷,利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对合成的化合物进行了表征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。