微生物处理含聚污水试验研究

针对我厂含聚后污水处理系统出现不适应性、水质处理难度加大的问题，2010年我厂开展了微生物处理含聚污水现场试验。试验分为高效油水浮选单元、生物反应器降解单元及高效固液浮选单元三部分，其核心技术是针对我厂油田含聚污水特点，通过筛选、配伍等方式培养出适应油田污水的高效生物菌群。通过生物降解，将污水中的油、有机杂质等降解成简单的无机物，从而有效地降低污水中油、悬浮物等的含量。     

双功能过滤器技术在油田污水处理中的推广应用

近年来,随着聚驱采油规模不断扩大,含聚污水站数量逐年增多,由于污水中含聚浓度增加,导致处理难度增大,沉降罐处理效率下降,含油量加大,过滤段处理负荷增加,传统过滤工艺难以达到油田回注水的要求。本文引进先进的高效节能型过滤器处理技术,解决油田污水处理中存在的难题。     

针对含聚生产污水处理的一种撇油器

本文简要介绍了中海油天津分公司绥中36—1作业区在实施注聚驱油开发后，针对含聚污水处理所做出的研究与尝试，设计了一种针对含聚生产污水处理的新型撇油器，并从技术、经济效益角度对该种撇油器适用性做出分析，以期不断摸索总结适合于海上生产的含聚产出液处理模式与经验，从而降低含聚产出液对油田正常生产处理带来的影响。为海上注聚驱油发展提供支持。     

油田水处理设备过滤装置的结构与改进

本文介绍了过滤装置在油田含油污水处理中的重要性,油田水处理使用的石英砂过滤装置、双滤料过滤装置、核桃壳过滤装置的结构、工作原理及特点。指出过滤装置在处理含聚污水时存在反冲洗憋压、滤料清洗不干净等问题,过滤装置改进的重点是布水器、集水器的结构及反洗方式,以满足含聚污水处理要求,提高油田水处理设计的技术水平。     

大王庄油田地面污水处理工艺技术应用

本文从立式除油工艺技术原理,多功能过滤技术工艺原理,污水处理药剂防垢、缓蚀、杀菌机理,污水污油回收及污泥排放工艺流程,大王庄油田污水处理工艺技术应用效果分析介绍了大王庄油田污水处理主要技术工艺,并对污水处理工艺存在问题与技术完善进行了分析和说明。     

喇嘛甸油田污水站地面系统工艺优化

喇嘛甸油田产能区块已转入以高浓度聚合物驱为主的开发方式。高含聚期采出液已成为一种复杂的注聚含油污水体系,采出液的性质的改变,导致沉降罐易形成老化油,过滤罐内部滤料板结,过滤水质不达标等现象产生,现有的污水处理工艺很难满足高含聚污水处理要求。污水站地面系统工艺优化采用的主要工艺技术有沉降罐连续收油,滤罐内部改造,变频反冲洗及静压排泥工艺,应用后污水站处理水质达标,提高了污水处理系统整体适应性。     

膜技术在降低含聚采油污水矿化度中的试验研究

试验利用膜技术将大庆油田常规处理后的含聚采油污水进行深度处理,在初步预处理的基础上,将超滤(UF)和反渗透(RO)联合,降低污水矿化度用以配聚.在试验中考察工艺的技术经济指标,掌握放大规律,为万吨级工业装置和系统的设计提供基础数据.经过长时间的试验,系统出水很稳定,足以满足配聚要求,并且与清水相比,配聚后的黏度也大大提高.因此经过此工艺处理后的油田污水代替清水作为聚合物驱用水是完全可行的.     

胜利油田采出污水处理技术研究与应用

油田采油污水水量大,含油量高,并含有机物、铁、锰、菌类等等影响回注的污染物质。本文分析总结了油田采油污水处理的基本方法,介绍了近年来胜利油区采油污水处理的新工艺、新技术、新设备。对其在污水处理中所发挥的作用和产生的经济效益进行了分析,同时在油田污水处理实际应用之中还需根据具体情况对其进行优化组合,系统配置。     

驱油用聚丙烯酰胺降解研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺作为驱油用的聚合物得到广泛应用,但随着采出液中见到聚合物,给油井生产和污水处理带来了难题.对聚丙烯酰胺进行降解是解决这些难题的有效方法之一.本文对有关聚丙烯酰胺降解的研究成果进行了综述,从机械降解、热降解、生物降解和化学降解等方面进行阐述.     

油田含油污水处理及回用技术的应用

随着石油勘探和开发力度的加大,石油和天然气发展中的含有污水也越来越严重,这些含油废水主要产生于原油、钻井和冲洗的过程中,其中主要的污水来源是在原油的开采过程中,而且含油的浓度也比较高,所含的成分也比较复杂,不能采取合理的方法就会导致资源的浪费,甚至会造成对环境的污染,相反,如果采取适当的方法,则会实现资源的充分利用,并且达到保护环境的目的,可见加大对原油污水的处理方法措施,具有重要的现实意义,本文从油田含油污水处理存在的不足出发,对油田含油污水处理及回用技术的应用做了有关论述,旨在为做好油田含油污水处理及回用技术的应用提供参考。     

超声联合臭氧用于废水处理的研究进展

臭氧（O3）是一种强氧化剂，具有良好的杀菌消毒和降解污染物的能力，但臭氧与有机物的反应是选择性的。超声降解水体中有机污染物是近年来兴起的一项极具发展前景的新型水处理技术，能有效地降解废水中的难降解有机污染物。将超声与臭氧进行联合使用，可以提高降解有机物的效率。文章介绍了超声／臭氧联用技术降解有机物的机理．综述了国内外超声／臭氧联用技术在废水处理中的研究进展。并指出超声联合臭氧技术今后需解决的问题和发展方向。     

Numerical analysis of flow field and separation characteristics in an oilfield sewage separation device

A novel oilfield high-oil-recovery water injection treatment device, the hydrocyclone oil removal device, was developed to treat oilfield sewage in the oil phase. It addresses the problems of high oil content in oilfield sewage, direct discharge of contaminants to the environment, and reduction of formation water absorption capacity by reinjection formation. An experimental verification and numerical simulation of the device were carried out to analyze its mechanism and influencing factors. An analysis of the flow path, phase distribution, velocity distribution, and pressure distribution of oil and water revealed the oil removal mechanism of the hydrocyclone oil removal device: automatic separation of oil and water could be realized by using the physical properties of the fluid, the special structure of the equipment, and the appropriate operating parameters. The influence of the inlet oil concentration, flow, pressure, and oil droplet size on the separation efficiency was investigated. The inlet flow, pressure, and the oil droplet size were found to be directly proportional to the separation efficiency, and the oil concentration was found to be inversely proportional to the separation efficiency. These results could further the efficient application of the high-oil-recovery water injection treatment device. The research results also have important engineering value for the efficient treatment and recycling of oil and gas field wastewater.     

超声波灭菌技术的研究进展

超声波是一种有效的辅助灭菌方法,已经成功用于废水处理、饮用水消毒等领域,在液体食品灭菌中的应用也有较多的研究,如啤酒、橙汁、酱油等。介绍了超声波灭菌机理,认为超声波具有的杀菌效力主要由其产生的空化作用所引起的。介绍了超声波及其协同其它灭菌技术（如超声分别与臭氧、微波、激光、紫外线、热力、压力等方法联合使用）的研究进展情况,指出了超声作用参数、微生物特性以及介质等因素对其灭菌效果的影响。展望了超声波灭菌技术的发展趋势。     

超声波应用于稠油降黏的实验研究

稠油在我国已探明的储量中占比50%以上,而它的高密度、高黏度等特征使得其开采和运输的难度极大,因此,稠油降黏意义重大。超声波技术在稠油降黏的应用中已取得了一定的成效,但尚未得到现场大规模应用。为探究超声波在稠油降黏过程中的作用规律,基于室内实验设计了包括超声波发生器、流变仪、电子天平、恒温水浴等仪器组成的超声稠油降黏评价测试平台。在测试平台上,观测了超声波发生器的电功率、超声作用时间以及油样初始黏度对稠油降黏效果的影响。结果表明,只有在一定的条件下,超声波技术在稠油降黏中的应用才能取得较好的效果,说明了超声波技术对于稠油降黏以及油井的增产增注具有适用性。目前看来,超声波降黏技术在油田现场实际井中的应用及其降黏机理还需进一步深入的研究。     

超声辐射丙烯酸丁酯无皂乳液聚合

利用超声辐射特殊的空化、乳化效应,实现了在不加引发剂的情况下丙烯酸丁酯的无皂乳液聚合,借助TEM、FT-IR、粒度仪观察其微观结构、粒度大小和分布,研究了超声功率对聚合物转化率的影响,分析了其形成的机理,表明了超声辐射是一种比常规乳液聚合更有效的物理技术.     

Tuning the band gap of ZnO nanoparticles by ultrasonic irradiation

In this present paper, we report the tunability of ZnO nanoparticles by ultrasonic irradiation. Different sized ZnO nanoparticles viz. 2.58–2.97 nm have been synthesized with variation of ultrasonic irradiation time 75–270 min in presence of Histidine as capping agent. UV and visible spectroscopy study revealed that as ultrasonic irradiation time increases, there is increase in amount of formed ZnO nanoparticles and also there is red shift in absorption edge. This confirms the tunability of bandgap of histidine capped ZnO nanoparticles with ultrasonic irradiation. Growth mechanism for controlling the size of ZnO nanoparticles are also discussed.     

Ultrasonic Study of Environmental Damage Initiation and Evolution in Adhesive Joints

This article reports on an experimental study of environmental degradation of adhesive joints by an ultrasonic angle—beam technique. The technique is based on measurements of the frequency response of the reflection of obliquely incident ultrasonic signals from a joint bondline. Ultrasonic measurements were performed using a special ultrasonic goniometer with only one ultrasonic transducer. By this method, the degradation of single lap adhesive joints was studied as a function of exposure in NaCl solutions at 68°C under static tensile load. It was found that joint degradation is accompanied by a shift of the ultrasonic reflection spectrum minimum to a lower frequency. Two stages of adhesive joint environmental degradation can be distinguished: a) a relatively slow adhesive joint degradation dominated by adhesive creep, and b) delamination along the adhesive/adherend interface, leading to failure. Several degradation mechanisms are found in the first stage to affect the position of the spectral minimum. The first is adhesive creep caused by normal-to-bond-plane stress concentration at the joint overlap edges. This mechanism is found to have the dominant effect on the ultrasonic signature. Second, changes of the effective density and elastic moduli of the adhesive layer also affect the spectrum of the reflected signal. The third mechanism is the degradation of the adhesive—adherend interface. In the second stage of the joint degradation process, delamination along the adhesive/adherend interface occurs and is followed by joint failure. While the time span of the first stage changes significantly from joint to joint, the time span of the second stage (failure by delamination) in our conditions is about 30—40 h. The delamination results in a significant additional spectral minimum shift to a lower frequency that can be used as an indicator of failure initiation.     

Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of parathion in the presence of nanometer rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst

The nanometer rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder was adopted to act as the sonocatalyst after treatment of high-temperature activation and the ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce heat-treated TiO2 powder performing sonocatalytic degradation of parathion. Although there are many factors influencing sonocatalytic degradation of parathion, the experimental results demonstrate that the optimal degradation condition of parathion can be obtained when the experimental conditions such as initial concentration of 50 mg/L parathion, addition amount of 1000 mg/L nanometer rutile TiO2, ultrasonic of 30-50 kHz frequency and 50 W output power, acidity of pH 10.0 and temperature of 20 degrees C are adopted. The degradation ratio of parathion surpassed 90% within 120 min ultrasonic irradiation in these optimal experiment conditions. The total degradation process of parathion has been monitored by UV-vis spectra and ion chromatography. At last, the parathions in aqueous solution are completely degraded and become some simple inorganic ions such as NO3(-), PO4(3-), SO4(2-), etc. In addition, the sonocatalytic activities of reused TiO2 catalysts were also studied and found to decline gradually along with the reused times. In this paper, the research on sonocatalytic degradation kinetics was also been performed and found to follow pseudo first-order reaction. All experiments indicated that the sonocatalytic method in the presence of nanometer rutile TiO2 powder was an advisable choice for the treatments of non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters in future.     

Electrochemical oxidation of textile wastewater and its reuse

It is attempted in the present investigation to treat organic pollutant present in the textile effluent using an electrochemical treatment technique. Experiments are carried out in a batch electrochemical cell covering wide range in operating conditions. Due to the strong oxidizing potential of the chemicals produced, the effluent COD is reduced substantially in this treatment technique. The influence of effluent initial concentration, pH, supporting electrolyte concentration and the anode material on pollutant degradation has been critically examined. It is further attempted in the present investigation to reuse the treated wastewater for dyeing purpose. Several cycles of dyeing operations have been performed with the treated textile wastewater and the dye uptake and water quality have been critically examined at each cycle of dyeing process. The results indicate that the electrochemical method is a feasible technique for treatment of textile wastewater and electrochemically treated wastewater can be effectively reused for dyeing application.     

超声-表面活性剂对原油降粘的实验研究

本文研究了超声和表面活性剂对原油粘度的影响。当原油含水率不大时,超声降粘主要是由于超声降解的作用,但这种降粘效果不理想。掺入表面活性剂SP－20后,在低含水率下,原油未能形成水包油乳状液,当含水率为50％时,掺入表面活性剂,能使原油形成水包油乳状液。将超声与表面活性剂相结合,能使原油形成的乳状液更稳定。