超声引导下乳腺肿块的穿刺活检

目的:探讨超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检鉴别良、恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法:对476例经常规超声检查明确有乳腺肿块的患者,应用巴德自动活检枪、16G组织切割针,在实时超声引导监视下,选择每个病灶的合适部位取材2-4次送病理检查。结果:476例共492个病灶,取材均较满意。除2例患者有术后血肿,其他患者术后均无明显并发症,病理诊断为乳腺Ca347例,约占全部病例的73%。结论:超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检,对诊断乳腺良、恶性病变具有重要价值,就该在临床中大力推广应用。     

超声引导下穿刺置双管冲洗引流治疗哺乳期乳腺脓肿的临床应用

目的:探讨超声引导下穿刺置双管冲洗引流治疗哺乳期急性乳腺炎所致乳腺脓肿的临床应用.方法:选择临床诊断急性乳腺炎并超声诊断为单侧乳腺脓肿的70例哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者,在超声引导下穿刺脓腔同时置入两根引流管,一根为进水管,另一根为出水管.抽吸脓液后用生理盐水、抗生素溶液经进水管注入,从出水管引出,配以全身抗炎治疗.结果:7...     

CT引导下经皮穿刺骨骼活检时穿刺针的选择与应用

在行骨骼活检时，穿刺针的选择非常重要，甚至直接影响着活检的成功与否。笔者根据多次实践，应用环锯和Ackerman钻取外替代传统的活检方法取得了较好的效果。     

超声造影引导细针穿刺对甲状腺不明确类型结节的诊断价值研究

选取在珠海市香洲区人民医院就诊的90例甲状腺结节患者,年龄49岁～63岁,随机分组为细针穿刺活检组(FB组)和超声造影引导细针穿刺活检组(UF组),每组45例.通过分析FB组、UF组诊断结果、检测种类、诊断价值、形态特征的差异性来研究超声造影引导细针穿刺对甲状腺不明确类型结节的诊断价值.FB组患者检测结果与组织病理学诊...     

不同超声下肾囊肿穿刺硬化术治疗肾囊肿的临床观察

目的:观察比较不同超声下肾囊肿穿刺硬化术治疗肾囊肿的临床疗效.方法:选取我院于2017年11月至2019年2月收治的42例单纯性肾囊肿患者作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将其分为单次组和多次组,各21例;单次组患者采用常规经皮肾囊肿穿刺硬化单次穿刺治疗,多次组则采取超声下经皮肾囊肿置入猪尾巴导管持续多次治疗;比较两组患者...     

基于肝脏超声图像的纤维化量化分析

超声诊断除了受主观性和诊断经验等人为因素影响外,检测频率、机器参数的设置等成像条件的变化也会对图像产生很大的影响,因而使肝脏纤维化的量化分析受到很大限制.本文基于任意的肝脏超声图像提出了利用纹理边缘共生矩阵(TECM)进行纤维化量化分析的方法,首先由Canny算子提取纹理边缘,并计算其共生矩阵的熵作为分类的特征值.通过用leave-one-out最近邻法和Fisher线性分类器进行分类试验,证明其分类精度优于分形维(FD).而且,用Fisher线性分类器对TECM和差分盒计数法(DBC)组成的联合特征向量(J-DT)进行分类试验,当阈值为时,分类正确率(CCR)可以达到95.1%;取阈值为时,灵敏性可以达到100%.     

超声引导下神经阻滞治疗颈源性头痛的临床研究

颈源性头痛(CEH)是由颈椎或颈部软组织病损所引起的慢性、单侧头部疼痛为主的综合征。在城乡发病均非常普遍,发病率达17.8%。CEH是1983年由英国Sjaasad首先命名,1990年国际头痛委员会正式颁布了CEH的诊断标准。2006年美国Mayo医学中心的Wes Crisp Jr教授采用一种新的技术—超声引导下枕大神经阻滞术可有效治疗CEH,在国际上引起了轰动。国内仅北京、武汉等几家大的医院刚刚起步,西北地区尚未见报道。传统治疗方法有康复物理治疗,热疗、超短波、中频电疗、按摩、针灸等。神经阻滞与皮质激素的联合使用可松弛软组织痉挛、改善局部血供、减轻局部无菌性炎症、消除水肿,阻断疼痛的恶性循环。以往神经阻滞治疗多采取盲探操作方法,依靠局部体表标志、患者主观感觉及医生经验判断,存在盲目性,缺乏客观的科学依据,同时医生为了更好地阻滞目标神经,会增加药物用量以扩大阻滞范围,增加了发生并发症的风险。CEH受枕大神经支配痛阈,枕大神经与枕动脉伴行,超声引导能精确定位枕动脉,直视下精确、安全地把药物注射到阻滞部位,操作简单,在超声科即可完成。     

F10 超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿剌造影

本文报告14例超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿剌造影(P.T.C.C)。 一、适应症 1.胆管不全性梗阻,肝管扩张小于6mm,作P.T.C.有困难,用P.T.C.C使肝内外胆管显影。2.超声显示胆囊颈、胆囊管不理想,口服及静脉法胆囊造影不显影者。3.胆囊隆起性病变鉴别诊断。4.胆结石溶石治疗的观察。 二、禁忌症 1.肝硬化、腹水、凝血机制不良者。2.慢性胆囊炎囊壁明显增厚、胆囊萎缩,胆囊充满结石。3.过于肥胖,肠胀气,胆囊位于肋弓穿剌有困难。 三、造影方法 1、细针穿剌法9例用22G针,全部成功。2.穿剌置管法5例用18或19G P. T.C. D套针及导管。成功3例。本文…     

规范化护理干预在肝脏超声造影检查中的应用价值

目的：探讨规范化护理干预在肝脏超声造影检查中的应用价值。方法：选取2018年6月～2022年6月时间段在长春市人民医院电诊科实施肝脏超声造影检查的100例患者为研究主体,将其通过随机数字表法分至2组中,即对照组与观察组,两组分别50例,并分别实施常规护理干预及规范化护理干预,将2组患者心理状态、超声造影及相关疾病知识掌握情况及满意度调查结果进行综合对比。结果：护理干预后,观察组心理状态评分要优于对照组（P<0.05）,超声造影及相关疾病知识掌握要优于对照组（P<0.05）,满意度评分要优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：肝脏超声造影检查中实施规范化护理干预不仅可以改善患者心理状态,还能提高其对超声造影及相关知识的掌握程度,患者满意度高。     

研究超声引导下两种不同方式经皮肾穿刺活检术效果

探讨经皮肾穿刺活检术中自探头纵切面头端进针与脚端进针的疗效差异。结果显示头端操作进针更加便捷,进针次数较少、单位长度内肾小球个数多,取材满意。     

肝脏M型超声图像的包络提取及分析

肝脏在大血管搏动的激励下会产生运动,其运动情况可以反映肝脏硬化的程度,文章利用M型超声技术检测肝脏在这种激励下的运动信息,通过相关技术提取M型超声图像中肝脏的运动包络,并从中提取特性参数,用作肝硬化程度的诊断指标。     

Innovative method of Transthoracic Lung Cancer Biopsy of Parietal Lung Tumors under US Guidance after CT Pre-biopsy Planning as an Alternative to CT- Guided Biopsy

The authors compared their earlier results of the tumor biopsies performed under computer tomography （CT） guidance against the results of their recently modified-combined method of visualization and measurement of lung tumor parameters by CT imaging followed by US guided biopsy. In 238 （6.36%） of 3,745 patients in CT examination, the lung tumor was located peripherally, and obtaining histopathological confirmation was crucial to start the proper treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, the division was based on the biopsy method. Within the first group in I 18 patients, parietal lung tumor was confirmed and CT guided biopsy was performed. Within the second group, parietal lung tumor was confirmed in 120 patients and combined method of CT pre- biopsy planning and US guided biopsy were used. Pre-biopsy planning was performed using CT, measurements such as depth and distance of the tumor were made, obtained data were then saved on CT image and patient＇s skin was marked. Then obtained results were analyzed using test for two proportions. The analysis of the results confirmed the higher efficacy of the combined method taking into account the number of complications （p 〈 0.01） and diagnostic histopathological results （P 〈 0.001）. Suggested innovative method, involving both CT pre-biopsy planning and US guided biopsy, allows to analyze simultaneously static CT and dynamic US images and it is considered to be an easy and effective method comparing to relying on static in nature CT images only. Our method is related to a lower complication risk rate.     

Image‐guided navigation of single‐element focused ultrasound transducer

The spatial specificity and controllability of focused ultrasound (FUS), in addition to its ability to modify the excitability of neural tissue, allows for the selective and reversible neuromodulation of the brain function, with great potential in neurotherapeutics. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance has limitations due to its complicated examination logistics, such as fixation through skull screws to mount the stereotactic frame, simultaneous sonication in the MRI environment, and restrictions in choosing MR‐compatible materials. To overcome these limitations, an image‐guidance system based on optical tracking and preoperative imaging data is developed, separating the imaging acquisition for guidance and sonication procedure for treatment. Techniques to define the local coordinates of the focal point of sonication are presented. First, mechanical calibration detects the concentric rotational motion of a rigid‐body optical tracker, attached to a straight rod mimicking the sonication path, pivoted at the virtual FUS focus. The spatial error presented in the mechanical calibration was compensated further by MRI‐based calibration, which estimates the spatial offset between the navigated focal point and the ground‐truth location of the sonication focus obtained from a temperature‐sensitive MR sequence. MRI‐based calibration offered a significant decrease in spatial errors (1.9 ± 0.8 mm; 57% reduction) compared to the mechanical calibration method alone (4.4 ± 0.9 mm). Using the presented method, pulse‐mode FUS was applied to the motor area of the rat brain, and successfully stimulated the motor cortex. The presented techniques can be readily adapted for the transcranial application of FUS to intact human brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 177–184, 2012