污泥活性炭对含磷废水的处理研究

利用某城市污水处理厂的脱水污泥,经Zn Cl2化学活化后热解炭化制备得到污泥活性炭,考察了其对水中磷的吸附特性。实验结果表明,当溶液p H为4~7,吸附剂投加量为4 g/L,含磷废水初始质量浓度为5~10 mg/L时,污泥活性炭对磷的吸附去除率均大于86%。污泥活性炭对磷的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和伪二阶动力学模型。     

炭化污泥吸附剂对pb2+的吸附试验研究

利用污水处理厂的脱水污泥,采用ZnCl2化学活化热解炭化法制备炭化污泥吸附剂。研究了炭化污泥吸附剂去除水溶液中Pb2+的效果。通过正交试验确定最佳试验参数,试验结果表明,在炭化污泥吸附剂吸附时间为1h,溶液pH值为5.0,炭化污泥吸附剂用量为5g/L时,处理含Pb2+的质量浓度为40mg/L的废水,Pb2+的平均去除率为42.31%,炭化污泥吸附剂的平均吸附容量为2.94mg/g。实际应用中炭化污泥吸附剂可以用于处理低浓度含Pb2+废水,当然为了达到较好的去除效果,炭化污泥吸附剂用量一般不能低于20g/L。     

污泥活性炭的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,磷酸为污泥活化剂,采用微波加热法制备了污泥活性炭,考察了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和p H对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学特性进行了探讨。结果表明:p H为8,投药量m为0.26 g,吸附时间为59 min,吸附温度为35℃,吸附浓度为58 mg/L时,污泥活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果最佳。污泥活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附满足Langmuir等温吸附方程。     

污泥衍生吸附剂去除水溶液中镉、镍离子的研究

利用城市污水厂污泥化学活化法热解产生的高性能吸附剂,在间歇吸附器内对水溶液中的Cd2+和Ni2+离子进行吸附性能研究。考察了溶液的pH值、接触时间、吸附剂的投加量及吸附质初始浓度对吸附效果的影响,并利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以利用Freundilich和Langmuir模型描述。实验结果表明,吸附达到平衡时的接触时间是60min,pH值最佳范围是5.5～6.0,Cd2+和Ni2+的吸附容量分别达到16mg/g和9mg/g,吸附性能优越,证明该种吸附剂可以作为去除水中相关金属离子的良好吸附剂。     

用磁改性海泡石处理含镍废水

以天然海泡石为原料,Fe SO4·4H2O和Fe Cl3·6H2O为改性剂,制备了磁改性海泡石并用于处理含Ni2+废水。考察了吸附时间、反应温度、p H和Ni2+初始质量浓度对磁改性海泡石对Ni2+吸附量的影响。结果显示,磁改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量随吸附时间、温度、p H与Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加而提高,吸附行为与二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合较好。对于Ni2+质量浓度为50 mg/L的废水,在25°C、p H=5的条件下,0.5 g磁改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量为2.95 mg/g。通过正交试验优选出适用于处理Ni2+质量浓度为68.48 mg/L的某镀镍车间漂洗废水的最佳条件为:温度65°C,p H 4.2,吸附剂投加量1.5 g,时间为1.5 h。最终Ni2+去除率为99.65%,出水Ni2+质量浓度为0.24 mg/L,远低于GB 21900–2008中表2规定的排放限值(0.5 mg/L)。     

腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)的合成及对镍离子的吸附作用研究

以天然有机高分子腐植酸为主要原料,与丙烯酸、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺通过反相悬浮聚合制备一种新型腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA),利用静态法对水溶液中的Ni2+离子进行吸附性能研究。考察了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、水凝胶的投加量及Ni2+初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明,吸附达到平衡时的吸附时间是6 h,pH值适宜范围是4.5~7.5,最佳吸附温度是32℃,Ni2+的初始浓度小于70 mg/L,水凝胶的投加量为0.5 g/L,此时Ni2+的吸附量达到49.8 mg/g,吸附性能优越,证明水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)可以作为去除水中Ni2+的良好吸附剂。     

煤化工高含盐废水去除有机物研究

对"混凝+活性炭吸附"联用工艺处理煤化工高含盐废水进行了试验研究,考察了相关工艺参数对COD去除效果的影响;选用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,当PFS投加量为0.5 g/L、聚丙烯酰胺助凝剂投加量10 mg/L、废水初始p H为8.69时,COD去除率达到29.0%;选用柱状活性炭为吸附剂,当活性炭投加量60 g/L、废水初始p H为7.40、吸附时间120 min时,COD去除率为70.1%,出水COD小于80 mg/L;结果表明,该工艺可以有效去除煤化工高含盐废水COD。     

污泥活性炭对含酚废水的吸附性能研究

文章利用泉州市污水处理厂生化池污泥为主要原料制备污泥活性炭,研究其对含酚废水的吸附效果,考察了污泥活性炭添加量、振荡时间、反应温度、p H、初始浓度对含酚废水去除率的影响。结果表明,污泥活性炭的碘值为530 mg/g,吸附含酚废水的最佳条件为:污泥活性炭添加量为15 g/L、吸附时间为70 min、p H为6、温度为25℃、初始浓度为10 mg/L对苯酚溶液去除率最佳可达97.9%,符合Frenndlich吸附模型。     

甘蔗渣表面处理及吸附Cd~(2+)的应用

以甘蔗渣为原料,经10%丁二酸对甘蔗渣进行处理,经丁二酸处理能显著提高其对Cd2+的吸附能力。分别考察甘蔗渣处理前后在不同初始浓度、时间、p H、吸附剂用量等因素条件下吸附Cd2+。实验结果表明处理过的甘蔗渣吸附最佳初始浓度为20 mg/L、吸附时间是1 h、p H为6、在60 mg/L镉离子溶液中吸附剂用量为0.6~1.0 g/100 m L。     

盐酸改性海泡石对含Ni~(2+)废水处理效果研究

以天然海泡石为原料,以盐酸为改性剂,制备了盐酸改性海泡石并用于含Ni2+废水的处理。以盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+吸附量为评价指标,考察了吸附时间、反应温度、p H和Ni2+初始质量浓度对实验结果的影响。实验发现,在一定条件下,盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量随着吸附时间、温度、p H与Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加而增加。盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附与二级动力学方程(K2=0.627 7,Qe=2.59)和Langmuir等温吸附模型(Qmax=3.34,KL=0.022 6)能够较好拟合。对质量浓度为50 mg/L的含Ni2+废水,在25℃,p H为5,10 g/L盐酸改性海泡石投加量的条件下,所制备的盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的饱和吸附量为2.40 mg/g。考察了盐酸改性海泡石对ρ(Ni2+)为68.48 mg/L的某电镀生产废水的处理效果,其最佳实验θ为65℃,p H为6,t为30 min,投加量为30 g/L盐酸改性海泡石,此条件下Ni2+去除率为98.39%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。