新一代Al—Ti—C晶粒细化剂的研究与开发

最近的研究证明了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ晶粒细化剂较少存在Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中与ＴｉＢ２有关的缺陷,显示了ＴｉＣ的聚集倾向小和对锆,铬中毒免疫,介绍了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ细化剂的新发展及我们研制的新型Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ细化剂的试验结果,用新开发的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ与进口的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ丝对９９．７％Ａｌ的晶粒细化试验比较证明,新型ＡＬ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ细化晶粒的效果远比进口Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ丝的好。     

稀土铝钛硼晶粒细化剂的生产及应用

使用Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ细化剂是提高铝及其合金铸锭质量的重要途径,介绍了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ－ＲＥ晶粒细化剂的生产和应用效果。     

Al-Ti-B-Sr对Al-Si-Mg合金的变质细化作用

用快速凝固和热变形处理的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ－Ｓｒ中间合金,对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｇ铝轮毂材料进行处理,试验结果表明：Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ－Ｓｒ中间合金可以对Ａａ－７Ｓｉ－０．３５Ｍｇ合金有效地细化与变质;改善Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ－Ｓｒ的细化与变质效果,Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｇ合金的抗拉强度和延伸率较Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ、Ａｌ－Ｓｒ两种中间俣金分别外入时提高了约１０％和２５％。     

Al-Ti-B线材加工方法比较

简述了用作铝合金晶粒细化剂的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ线材在铝加工业的应用状况、发展趋势及加工方法,比较了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ线材三种现行加工方法的变形特点、生产效率及其产品的显微组织差异和细化效果。指出,连续铸轧是目前加工Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ线材较适宜的方法。     

国产Al－Ti－B细化剂的冶金质量

为了使Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ细化剂获得理想的细化效果，细化剂自身的冶金质量应满足细化和净化两方面要求。细化是指起形核作用的ＴｉＡｌ３和ＴｉＢ２相颗粒细小，净化则是指形核相分布均匀和夹杂含量少。研究表明。国产Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ细化剂，与国外同类产品相比、形核相的大小，二者相差较小，细化剂的净化程度则是我国产品的主要差距。因此．提高净化程度应是我国Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ细化剂生产厂家的主要任务。     

Ti形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强Al复合材料微观结构的影响

采用Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ两个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＢ２粒子复合增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）两种复合材料，研究表明，对于Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，除ＴｉＢ２外还有一定量的尺寸可达几十微米的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的ＴｉＢ２大部分为０．１－５０μｍ的块状粒子，此外还有少量长宽比大于４的棒状ＴｉＢ２．对于ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系，基本上没有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，原位形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２为００５－２０μｍ的近似等轴状的粒子．对两种复合材料差异的微观结构给出了解释．     

Al—Ti—C—B中间合金细化剂的研究

研究了新近开发的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，检查了其显微组织及细化工业纯铝及含Ｚｒ铝合金的性能，并与Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂进行了对比。结果表明，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂含有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ、ＴｉＢ２和ＴｉＣ三种第二相，经小弥散分布的多相粒子团，其细化工业纯铝晶粒的能力明显优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，并克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化易被Ｚｒ原子毒化的弱点，分析认为Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ     

Al─Ti─C─B中间合金细化剂的研究

研究了新近开发的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，检查了其显微组织及细化工业纯铝及含Ｚｒ铝合金的性能，并与Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂进行了对比。结果表明：Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂含有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ、ＴｉＢ２和ＴｉＣ三种第二相，它们形成尺寸细小弥散分布的多相粒子团，其细化工业纯铝晶粒的能力明显优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂，并克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ中间合金细化剂易被Ｚｒ原子毒化的弱点。分析认为，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｂ中间合金优异的细化性能归功于多相粒子团表面凹陷处的物理化学作用     

新一代铝合金晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-C

综述了新一代铝合金晶粒细化剂Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ的理论研究情况。Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ晶粒细化剂克服了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ的缺陷，其异质形核核心ＴｉＣ比ＴｉＢ２的聚集倾向更小，并对Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ｍｎ等元素“中毒”免疫。在相同添加量时，Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ细化效果优于Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ，已成为取代Ａｌ－Ｔｉ－Ｂ的新一代晶粒细化剂。     

亚共晶Al-Si合金的细化处理

比较了Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ,Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金对亚共晶Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的晶粒细化效果。结果表明,Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金的细化作用明显优于Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ。主要是Ａｌ－５％Ｔｉ－１％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｔｉ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成三元铝化物,通过包晶反应成为α－Ａｌ的异质晶核,但包晶反应温度的急剧下降是导致晶粒细化能力下降的直接原因;而Ａｌ－３％Ｔｉ－３％Ｂ中间合金加入熔体中,过量的Ｂ在ＴｉＢ２／熔体界面形成富Ｂ层,在冷却过程中,将发生共晶反应,生成大量的α－Ａｌ晶核,达到细化目的。     

纳米WC/Co经激光烧结后的晶粒再细化

采用激光烧结技术对纳米WC／Co,粉末进行了非平衡烧结的韧步研究,通过X射线衍射分析和透射电镜显微分析(TEM）,发现激光烧结不仅能够保持纳米WC／Co为纳米晶结构．还可望使纳米WC晶粒进一步细化。如原纳米尺寸平均为150nm的WC／Co,经一定功率密度的激光烧结后(激光功率为1000-1600W,扫描速度为2-2.5m/min),其晶粒平均尺寸变为30～45nm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.