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在国际贸易中,进口国的技术标准规制在WTO《TBT协定》《SPS协定》两大类技术性贸易措施中有所体现,对出口国贸易造成一定影响。本文对中国主要出口的拉美六国(墨西哥、巴西、智利、阿根廷、哥伦比亚、秘鲁)的重要产品类别构成进行比较,描述分析了近5年拉美六国对外发起TBT/SPS通报数量的变化,并对通报涉及产品及技术标准规制等通报原因做了梳理和总结,最后提出建议。 相似文献
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以TBT/SPS通报数、贸易救济案件立案数作为贸易规制措施量化指标,分析2001-2019年中国主要出口拉美国家(墨西哥、巴西、阿根廷、智利、哥伦比亚、秘鲁)采取的贸易规制措施现状,通过构建出口贸易影响修正引力模型,加入滞后变量,从总体和分阶段分析拉美贸易规制对中国出口拉美贸易的影响态势。结果发现,中国对拉美六国出口增长程度不同,且必然伴随拉美进口国贸易规制措施数量增加;拉美六国TBT与SPS通报总数均超过贸易救济措施立案数,TBT和SPS存在相关性,TBT和SPS与贸易救济措施立案数不存在相关性;拉美六国采取的贸易规制措施侧重各不相同,且年度波动较大,墨西哥和智利采取的TBT通报和贸易救济措施较多,巴西和哥伦比亚发起的SPS和TBT通报较多,秘鲁发起的SPS通报较多。拉美贸易规制对中国出口拉美贸易的负面影响表现为:TBT对出口拉美贸易影响从当期开始转为后期,而SPS对后期出口拉美贸易影响较大;贸易救济措施立案数对当期出口影响显著,且由弱变强,且每提高1%导致中国当期出口额下降约0.1%。 相似文献
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价格竞争死 品牌竞争活——由中国纺织品国际贸易争端引起的思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中美、中欧之间的纺织品贸易争端一再升级,为中国产品在国际市场的未来增长空间敲响了警钟.中国企业究竟应该采取什么样的战略措施,才能在未来的国际市场竞争中获得长期的竞争优势.这无疑是中国企业必须认真考虑的战略性问题.在保证产品质量的基础上,实施品牌战略,提升产品的品牌竞争力和附加价值,是中国产品提高国际市场竞争力的有效路径. 相似文献
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随着经济全球化和贸易自由化进程的加快,技术性贸易措施形成的贸易壁垒已经取代传统的关税等壁垒成为国际贸易活动中最难以逾越的障碍,其中安全环保、节能减排、保源降耗是技术性贸易措施中的主要着力点,制冷产品则作为建筑用能大户属于技术性贸易措施的关注热点;中国作为制冷产品的出口大国,其制冷产品的出口与技术性贸易措施密切相关。我国制冷产品领域对技术性贸易措施的应对还属于起步阶段;因此本文对我国出口制冷产品技术性贸易措施及应对进行介绍。首先介绍了技术性贸易措施相关定义及其协定的主要内容,然后以通报评议实例对国外技术性贸易措施进行了说明和分析,最后给出了我国在制冷产品领域技术性贸易措施应对的建议。 相似文献
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氟碳化合物工业的现在与未来胡承曦(中国化工信息中心)编者按随着蒙特利尔议定书的生效,世界各国在氟碳化合物的生产、贸易和消费诸领域都面临着新的问题和挑战。本刊特约请中国化工信息中心资深CFCs专家胡承曦先生,撰写了“氟碳化合物工业的现在与未来”一文,自... 相似文献
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Nanotechnology is promising to be the ??transformative?? technology of the 21st century with its boundless potential to revolutionize a wide range of industries. Stakes are high as projected estimate of market value and economic and social benefits are immense for countries that can attain competency in this technology. This has stimulated OECD countries as well as emerging economies to channel huge resources for developing core capabilities in this technology. Unlike, other key technologies, recent influential reports highlight China in particular and to some extent India, Brazil and other emerging economies competing with advanced OECD countries in ??nanotechnology??. The present paper investigates through bibliometric and innovation indicators to what extent China and India have been able to assert their position in the global stage. The paper also underscores the importance of capturing indications from standards and products/processes along with publications and patents to capture more accurately the latent variable ??performance??. Study shows that China??s progress is remarkable; it has already attained leading position in publications and standard development. India is making its presence more visible particularly in publications. China??s research is more sophisticated and addresses nano-materials and its applications whereas India??s research shows healthy trend towards addressing developmental problems. 相似文献
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中国-巴西测控卫星工程项目是我国在高技术领域与巴西合作的一个工程项目,也是我国航天机构与国外航天机构在卫星测控领域的首次合作项目。该工程项目取得了圆满成功,为我国今后进行类似的国际合作积累了丰富的经验。建立了该工程项目管理中若干实际问题的运筹学模型,概述了运筹学的应用效果。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the use of Patent2Net, an open source software for extracting and making available information on patents related to dengue fever, a neglected disease of high interest to Brazil. Only ten of 1427 dengue-related patents retrieved in the European worldwide database were filed by Brazilian institutions, showing low contribution of technological research in Brazil regarding this disease. The results enable the creation of new indicators, promoting social responsibility in research, since it is expected that scientific research will produce not only high-impact bibliographic production, but also technological products that can effectively further the search for solutions to problems. 相似文献
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In this paper we present a study about scientific production in Computer Science in Brazil and several other countries, as
measured by the number of articles in journals and conference proceedings indexed by ISI and by Scopus. We compare the Brazilian
production from 2001 to 2005 with some Latin American, Latin European, BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China), and other relevant
countries (South Korea, Australia and USA). We also classify and compare these countries according to the ratio of publications
in journals and conferences (the ones indexed by the two services).
The results show that Brazil has by far the largest production among Latin American countries, has a production about one
third of Spain’s, one fourth of Italy’s, and about the same as India and Russia. The growth in Brazilian publications during
the period places the country in the mid-range group and the distribution of Brazilian production according to impact factor
is similar to most countries. 相似文献
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The exploitation of natural resources containing naturally occurring radionuclides may lead to enhanced levels of radioactive isotope and enhanced potential for exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides in products, by-products, residues or wastes. Such resources include, for instance, monazite, the processing of which, in Brazil, generated a great amount of radioactive residues, being stored in buried concrete tanks, in temporary storage buildings and in sealed trenches. In addition, during the 1980s there were no radiological protection rules concerning the storage and transportation of these kinds of residues. Mineral radioactive residues were used as landfills and the residues of chemical processes contaminated floors and buildings. The decommissioning process and cleaning of old plants have generated tons of wastes that has been added to previously produced wastes. This paper reports and discusses the cycle of monazite in Brazil and its consequences in terms of site remediation and amount of wastes and residues generated and stored. 相似文献
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本文以国内塑料薄膜行业主要品种的发展形势为主线,详细分析了中国塑料制品的统计数据和部分薄膜产品的运营数据,并就当前市场对塑料薄膜的供需基本面、原料成本、后市价格趋势作了分析和展望。最后针对薄膜领域的高新技术进展,介绍了二氧化钒智能贴膜及环保型POF热收缩膜的市场前景。 相似文献
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2009年7月在上海举办的第十一届中国·上海国际摄影器材和数码影像展览会,是国内重要的摄影器材展,许多国内外著名的影像器材制造商参加展出,展出了新产品、新技术。本文介绍一些主要新产品的新技术、规格和性能,供读者了解目前的技术水平。 相似文献