水溶液全循环法尿素生产流程模拟软件的开发

为配合中小型尿素装置的挖潜改造，开发了水溶液全循环法尿素生产流程的专用模拟软件。该软件具有物性推算、单元模拟以及流程模拟等功能，在流程模拟中采用了联立模块法的解算方法。经过严格考核，结果表明该软件能够反映装置的实际过程，模型准确，结果可靠。     

利用现有条件做好改扩建装置的工艺系统泄漏性试验

中海石油(中国)有限公司涠洲岛终端工程轻烃装置改造项目位于一个孤岛上,项目具有旧装置改造、试验压力比较高、所有施工设备必须从陆地运输到岛的特点。由于机械设备运输上岛技术难度较高,运输成本大,在保证安全的前提下,介绍了运用模拟介质对工艺管道进行泄露性试验的技术方法、施工步骤和应用效果;对于今后类似工程有一定的创新参考作用。     

具有高效热能回收的水溶液全循环尿素新工艺

介绍了一种具有高效热能回收的水溶液全循环尿素新工艺以及用新工艺改造传统尿素装置的优势。用此工艺对已经预分离一预蒸馏流程改造的传统工艺装置高压循环圈进行改造，可使吨尿素汽耗进一步下降。     

浅谈化工原理实验室的改造与创新

本文介绍了已开发的十余种设计型、研究型化工原理实验装置，并用于改造现有实验室的经验与体会。这些装置分别具有计算机过程模拟，数据在线采集的控制功能。     

高密度聚乙烯淤浆外循环技术探讨

介绍采用淤浆外循环技术对高密度聚乙烯装置进行扩能改造的工艺路线，实践证明。利用该工艺技术对高密度聚乙烯装置进行扩能改造具有投资省、物耗和能源低、经济效益显著等优点。     

聚丙烯装置技术改造

简单论述了抚顺乙烯化工有限公司聚丙烯装置改造的必要性，并且对改造确定方案。对聚丙烯装置改造前后的能耗进行了详细的分析。通过这次改造，取得了良好的社会效果。     

提高浅冷回收装置轻烃收率的技术研究

本文以大庆油田某套浅冷回收装置为对象，通过模拟计算研究了温度、压力对轻烃收率的影响，分析装置所存在的问题，提出了具体的工艺技术改造措施。结果表明：在对原装置不作重大改造的前提下，通过回收外输干气冷量，增加水冷设备等，轻烃收率大幅提高，丙烷收率增加了17％，改造方案合理。     

ACES工艺特点及装置运行情况

ＡＣＥＳ尿素工艺具有能耗低、年运转率高、操作简便的特点，其竞争力不断提高。已投运的韩国ＫＦＣ厂和西班牙ＦＥＡＳ厂的运行情况良好，两套装置的消耗定额均较低，分别为（每吨尿素）：液氨０．５７５、０．５７６吨，蒸汽０．６４、０．６２吨，电１２８、１３５ｋＷｈ，冷却水６５、６９吨。ＴＥＣ对魏县化肥厂１８０吨／日装置的设备、控制系统等也进行了改造，改造后流程简化，操作方便，且热量回收效果基本不变，改造是成功的。     

尿素工艺冷凝液回收过程的模拟与分析

应用化工模拟软件PROII对尿素工艺冷凝液水解流程进行模拟,并通过模拟计算对原流程装置提出两塔合一的改造建议。相比原流程,新流程不仅可以达到尿素水解的工艺指标要求,而且具有占地面积小,流程短,操作简单,设备投资少,能耗低等优点。     

迪那天然气处理装置采用油吸收+外冷复合工艺可行性分析

为了进一步提高高压组分较贫天然气处理装置的液烃收率,本文针对塔里木油田迪那天然气处理装置应用冷油吸收原理,通过工艺流程模拟分析与研究,确定油吸收+外冷复合工艺原理流程。通过流程模拟,分析了油吸收+外冷在该种类型装置上的适应性及改造效果。研究表明:单纯油吸收工艺在该套装置上无效;油吸收+外冷工艺可有效提高高压贫气天然气处理装置的液烃收率;且外冷负荷越大,该工艺效果越佳。     

The quantitative analysis of plant sterols

Two methods for the quantitative analysis of plant sterols have been described. In the first, cholesterol is used for control of recovery and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. When cholesterol is present in the sterol mixture, a radioactive standard (usually cholesterol or sitosterol) is used to control recovery, and coprosterol is used to monitor GLC. The methods are exemplified for nitrogenfixing root nodules and for chloroplasts, respectively.     

An error analysis for complex separation systems

The effects of errors in split factors in separation plants on mass flows are studied. These errors are due to errors in the plant process variables. Norm analysis and Matrix series analysis are used to derive error equations. The formulae are simple and easy to use. These equations depend strongly on the M-matrix properties of the coefficient mass balance matrix. The error analysis is applied to a typical separation plant viz. a mineral flotation plant.     

醋酸脱水塔塔顶酸浓度升高原因分析

针对醋酸脱水塔塔顶酸浓度逐步升高的现状,采用Aspen Plus软件模拟分析醋酸脱水塔操作过程,并采用核算程序对各段填料的能力进行核算分析,同时结合现场操作数据,分析判定脱水塔塔顶酸浓度增加是由于填料破碎所致。     

珠三角某A/O工艺污水处理厂运行实例分析

文章对珠三角某A/O生物脱氮工艺的污水处理厂从工程简介、处理工艺、日常运行、维护管理多方面进行分析,对其运行效果、效益等进行评估总结。结果表明该污水处理厂在面临进水水量、水质波动极大时仍能保持稳定的生产状态,良好的出水水质。其脱氮工艺控制良好,氨氮去除率达99%,出水氨氮年均值仅为0.2 mg/L。本文对该A/0工艺污水厂运行实例的分析评价结果可用于指导污水处理厂的运行,对其他相同或相近工艺的的污水处理厂的运营管理有一定的指导作用和参考价值。     

8. Plant tissue testing for micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities

Summary The relationship between nutrient concentration and yield, when properly used, is a powerful tool for diagnosing the nutritional status of annual crops for B, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn and occasionally Fe. Imbalance between P and Zn may affect interpretation of plant Zn data at high levels of P. Also, lack of adequate field calibration, especially that involving recently matured leaves, within geographical regions at various yield levels makes the interpretation of data for some crop-element situations difficult. Mobility of elements in plants during growth should be considered when selecting tissues for analysis. Although there undoubtedly will be exceptions, fertilization of most annual crops in the year of diagnosis is unlikely to be based on plant analysis. Successful use of plant analysis for diagnosing the micronutrient status of plants demands careful attention to plant sampling, processing of samples, and laboratory techniques. These aspects and problems with calibration and interpretation of data are discussed in detail. Sap tests would appear to have only a small role to play in diagnosis of field micronutrient problems, but they may be of assistance in studying Mn toxicity and deficiency.     

乙烯装置废热锅炉运转过程的数学模型

本文对乙烯装置废热锅炉传热、流体力学和结焦过程进行了定量的分析,提出了用作废热锅炉运转过程分析及设计的数学模型.     

Modeling,optimization, and cost analysis of an IGCC plant with a membrane reactor for carbon capture

This article presents a theoretical study on the integration of a membrane reactor (MR) for carbon capture into an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant. First‐principles, simplified systems‐level models for the individual IGCC units and the MR are introduced for their subsequent plantwide integration. The integrated plant model is then used for simulation studies that assume different MR characteristics. Using this model, an optimization problem is formulated to analyze the MR effects when adding it to the IGCC plant, while satisfying all of the process constraints in streams and performance variables. The solution of this optimization problem indicates improvements in the original case studies, including capital cost savings as high as $18 million for the optimal case under nominal process conditions. To determine the cost implications of inserting the MR into the IGCC plant, a differential cost analysis is performed taking into account major plant capital and operating costs. This analysis considers the same amount of coal and power generation for cases with and without the MR. The results of this analysis based on a present value of annuity calculation show break even costs for the MR within the feasible range for membrane fabrication, even for short membrane lifetimes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1568–1580, 2016     

Economic aspects of membrane processes

Care must be exercised, in predicting operating costs for membrane desalination systems for electricity, labor, chemicals, etc. The assumptions made in establishing unit costs can greatly affect the predicted operating cost and hence the ultimate investment decision. The use of data estimating the quantities of chemicals, power, etc., expected to be used per unit of production can assist in predicting costs, as then site-specific cost data can be used. The fact that 0.2 pounds of acid per kgal of permeate is required in a Florida RO plant is more useful for predicting operating costs of an RO plant on the Island of Anegata than is the fact that acid costs at the Florida plant are $0.03/kgal of water produced. Data based on units rather than costs are presented for seven RO facilities and one ED facility in this paper for use in this type of analysis.     

SBR与生物倍增技术处理丙烯腈污水的对比分析

本文通过生产运行实践,充分总结、对比分析了序批式活性污泥法（简称SBR）和生物倍增2种污水处理工艺技术,认为生物倍增技术是优于SBR技术的一种新型污水处理技术,建议在生产运行中广为采用。     

亚临界燃煤电厂的用能分析

燃煤发电是我国的主要电力方式,分析燃煤电厂的能量利用情况对节能减排有重要作用。本文以国际典型亚临界燃煤电厂和我国西南地区某亚临界燃煤电厂为计算实例,结合Aspen Plus软件和有效能分析法,对其整个热力过程进行系统模拟计算和能量分析,得出每个设备的有效能损失。结果表明,热力过程中有效能损失最大的部位在锅炉;锅炉中有效能损失最大的是煤的燃烧过程,其次为锅炉受热面的换热过程。通过对国内外两个电厂的比较,发现国内亚临界燃煤电厂有效能效率较国外低约6个百分点。