Analysis of an equivalent drawbead model for the finite element simulation of a stamping process

In order to facilitate the three-dimensional finite element analysis for the stamping process, an equivalent drawbead model was adopted to simulate the restraining effects produced by the real drawbead. In the present study, the restraining force exerted by the real drawbead was first computed by the finite element simulation, and the optimum pseudo drawing speed and mesh sizes for both the drawbead and sheet metal employed in the computation were determined through a systematic approach. The computed restraining force was then assigned to a regular mesh which replaced the mesh of the real drawbead. This constitutes the equivalent drawbead model, which avoids the extremely fine mesh required to describe the deformation of sheet blank in the drawbead area. In consequence, a huge amount of computation time can be saved. The accuracy of the finite element simulations using the equivalent drawbead model was validated by both the experimental data and the theoretical predictions.     

A simulation-based prediction model of the restraining and normal force of draw-beads with a normalization method

This paper proposes a simulation-based prediction model to predict the restraining and normal force of drawbeads for the sheet metal forming process. A reliable prediction model is constructed for the equivalent drawbead by a modified DOE (Design of Experiment) method, which consists of the Box-Behnken design and a simplified full factorial design. To construct prediction models of draw-bead forces, draw-bead forces are first calculated by finite element analysis and confirmed by experiments followed by an approximation with second order regression equations in various design cases. To increase the accuracy of prediction models, normalization of draw-bead forces is conducted based on the effectiveness ratio of design variables in a regression analysis. The normalized draw-bead forces are then approximated by second order regression equations again. The accuracy of the prediction models constructed is verified by comparing the prediction results with the simulation results in the entire design space.     

Computational characterization of drawbeads: A basic modeling method for data generation

The purpose of this investigation is to better understand the behaviour and effects in modeling of drawbeads in sheet metal forming simulation. A finite element model is developed to examine how various modeling aspects, such as element size, number of integration points, material hardening, influence the results. Furthermore, some process parameters such as friction and tool geometry are also discussed.In the modeling of drawbeads in large-scale sheet metal forming analysis using finite element methods it is common to use an equivalent drawbead model. This is due to the need for very dense finite element meshes resulting in demands for extreme computer resources. Generation of input data for an equivalent drawbead model has to be reliable and simple. Herein one method is presented on how to use a plane strain model using actual bead geometry to derive data for the equivalent drawbead model as it is implemented in LS-DYNA^TM.     

基于有限元分析的覆盖件拉延筋设计与优化

结合等效拉延筋模型，采用基于有限元逆算法的三维有限元分析软件，对汽车后窗内板的拉延成形进行模拟。在确定合理的等效拉延筋阻力后，通过适当的优化算法对拉延筋的真实几何结构进行优化设计。并通过UG二次开发技术，获取优化的拉延筋几何参数和位置，在拉延件上生成真实的拉延筋模型。     

冲压成形仿真数据的主成分与模糊聚类分析

冲压成形数值仿真结果中隐含着大量的领域知识。文章将主成分分析与模糊聚类方法应用于基于仿真模型与模拟结果数据的冲压件相似性判别与成形性能判别。通过对油箱冲压成形有限元仿真结果数据进行处理,分析了压边力、拉延筋设置参数、摩擦系数等工艺参数对成形性能的相对重要程度;构造了油箱成形性能的模糊概念,描述其破裂、起皱程度。通过对汽车覆盖件有限元模型数据的分析,对汽车覆盖件进行模糊分类及相似性判别。结果表明,面向有限元仿真结果的数据挖掘技术,可以为冲压成形领域知识发现提供一种有效的新途径。     

An analysis of drawbead restraining force in the stamping process

A theoretical model based on the virtual work principle was proposed to calculate the restraining force produced by the drawbead located on a stamping die surface. In the theoretical model the deformation of the sheet metal drawn over the groove shoulder or bead is assumed to be subjected to bending, sliding and unbending processes, and only the sliding process is responsible for the frictional force. The governing equations derived from the theoretical model were solved by a numerical procedure. In order to validate the proposed model, the finite element simulations were also performed to calculate the drawbead restraining forces for various steels. The simulated results together with the experimental data obtained from the published literature were compared with the predicted values calculated by using the numerical procedure. The good agreement between the simulated results, experimental data and the calculated values justifies the proposed theoretical model.     

基于灰色关联的皮卡尾门外板的拉延工艺参数优化

为了解决皮卡尾门外板拉延过程中产生的破裂、起皱的问题,采用数值模拟和灰色关联法相结合的方法对拉延工艺参数进行优化。将料厚最大减薄率和最大增厚率作为优化目标,以圆角和直边段的拉延筋阻力系数、压边力、冲压速度、摩擦系数为工艺参数变量进行5因素4水平的正交试验。在Auto Form软件中进行有限元数值模拟。基于灰色关联分析法,计算出各工艺参数对破裂和起皱综合指标的关联度,给出了最优的工艺参数方案:圆角段拉延筋阻力系数为0.15,直边段拉延筋阻力系数为0.45,压边力为800 k N,冲压速度为3.5 m·s-1,摩擦系数为0.13。应用最优工艺参数组合进行模具制造和现场实际生产,得到了质量良好的冲压件,有效控制了破裂和起皱风险。     

基于数值仿真的汽车轮罩拉深型面设计研究

采用有限元分析软件Dynaform对汽车轮罩的拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟仿真。对零件拉深型面进行了设计,重点对工艺补充面形式和拉深筋分布方式进行了优化分析,比较了2种工艺补充面和3种拉深筋分布方式状态下零件的应力、应变状态以及成形性能。获得合理的工艺补充面和拉深筋分布方式。模拟结果表明采用优化的拉深型面可以有效地改善零件角部材料的流动状况,提高成形质量。     

汽车后围加强板多目标成形工艺参数优化

针对后围加强板在成形过程中易出现破裂和起皱等问题,采用田口试验法,建立后围加强板最大减薄率和最大增厚率与冲压速度、压边力、模具间隙、摩擦系数和拉延筋阻力系数的五因素四水平田口试验,通过有限元分析软件Dynaform对16组试验进行模拟分析,结果表明压边力对后围加强板成形的减薄率和增厚率贡献最大.利用Design-Exprt软件对田口试验结果进行多目标优化,将最优工艺参数组合在Dynaform中模拟验证.结果表明多目标优化结果与验证结果接近,优化方法效果明显,可为模具设计和生产提供借鉴.     

左前门防撞梁冲压成形数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟技术可以在模具设计初期预测产品的成形质量,从而优化工艺参数以便获得高质量的成品。以eta／DYNAFORM有限元分析软件为平台,对某轿车左前门防撞梁不同工艺参数下的拉延成形过程进行了数值模拟,得出了相应的成形极限图。重点探讨了压边力和拉延筋的设置对起皱和未充分拉深区域的影响,得出了较好的解决方案。     

梯形拉深筋等效约束阻力模型研究

对拉深成形过程中板料经过梯形拉深筋时的变形情况进行了分析,运用能量法建立了一种简单实用的梯形拉深筋等效约束阻力计算模型,利用Dynaform软件对梯形拉深筋的等效约束阻力进行了模拟,将计算结果与模拟结果进行了比较。分析结果表明:在拉深成形过程中,如拉深筋设置在圆弧部位,板料经过拉深筋后最终等效约束阻力是随拉深过程的进行而变化的;板料通过设在直线段的筋产生的等效约束阻力,在一定的压边力下,其值为恒定的值;理论计算与模拟值基本吻合,在数值模拟时,该模型可以作为等效拉深筋使用。     

基于有限元分析的汽车覆盖件模具设计及优化

介绍了静力隐式弹塑性有限元板料成形软件AutoForm的基本理论和关键技术。利用AutoForm软件实现了汽车覆盖件模具设计,包括模具压料面、工艺补充面以及拉延筋设计,完成了覆盖件成形过程模拟及优化,改变了传统的在有限元模拟后依靠CAD软件频繁进行模具修改的方法。在有限元软件内部实现了模具的参数化设计,既缩短了模具设计时间,又提高了模具设计可靠性。     

高强度钢板的轿车支柱内板成形工艺研究

高强度钢板在成形过程中对工艺参数比较敏感,容易出现破裂等缺陷。采用有限元数值分析技术,对某轿车高强度钢板支柱内板结构零件的拉延工序进行数值模拟分析。对影响拉延成形质量的工艺参数进行了优化,主要对零件的坯料形状、拉延筋和压边力进行优化,通过对FLD图的分析以及综合考虑生产成本等问题,得到了坯料的形状,合理的拉延筋布置和合适的压边力。最终将优化后的模拟分析结果与实际生产出来的拉延件结果进行对比,验证了数值模拟的有效性,生产出质量较好的产品。     

板料冲压成形数值模拟中的几个关键问题

本文概括了板料成形数值模拟中涉及的几个关键技术环节 ,如材料模型、单元模型、接触摩擦模型、等效拉延筋模型、回弹模型等。介绍了作者在软件开发过程中对这些模型的一般处理方法。并利用自行开发的静力隐式算法弹塑性有限元分析软件SheetForm○R给出了几个计算实例     

汽车侧壁上外板冲压成形过程仿真及实验

针对汽车侧壁上外板成形过程中的缺陷问题,研究了冲压成形过程仿真技术。以一种汽车侧壁上外板为对象,对冲压成形过程和结果进行分析,发现零件发生了较不均匀的变形和局部破裂现象。针对成形缺陷,对工艺参数和条件进行改进,增设14段拉延筋,调整合理的拉延筋阻力,将压边力增加至100 k N,并改善模具的润滑条件。建立冲压成形改进模型,重新进行仿真分析,破裂和起皱缺陷被消除,厚度变化比较均匀,通过实验验证了工艺方案的可行性。研究结果表明,所提出冲压成形过程仿真技术具有较高的实用性。     

基于Dynaform的一种新型拉延模结构设计与应用

利用Dynaform板料成形有限元模拟分析软件,对某高端重型卡车中地板冲压设计工艺方案进行数值模拟分析,准确地预测出该产品较复杂部位的成形缺陷。为了消除中地板在冲压成形中的开裂、起皱、叠料等缺陷,根据成形CAE分析模拟结果,提出增加不同方向和大小的凸筋的设计建议,并确定采用一种新型的"曰"字型压边圈的冲压工艺和模具结构设计方案,可以有效消除该产品的冲压成形缺陷。试模结果验证了冲压成形有限元分析的可行性,以及采用新型的冲压工艺可以降低模具开发成本,缩短模具调试周期,保证汽车中地板产品的成形质量。     

OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOBODY PANEL STAMPING PROCESS BASED ON DYNAMIC EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

1.IntroductionItiswellknown,sheetmetalformingprocessexperiencesverycomplicateddeformationeffectedbyprocessparameterssuchasdiegeometry,theblankshapeandposition,theblank-holderforce,frictionandlubricationandsoon.Traditionally,theoptimumconditionforstampingprocessparametersisdeterminedbyintuitionandexperiencecalledknow-howtechniques,withtrial--and--error,andthereisnogoodwaybuttomakeexpensiveandtime-consumingmodificationstothetoolsandtodeterminetheprocessparametersexperimentally.Internationalsever…     

等效拉延筋模型对回弹预测的影响

等效拉延筋模型是影响回弹预测结果的一个重要因素。结合拉延筋试验、拉延筋试验的仿真以及拉深的仿真,研究了等效拉延筋模型对回弹预测结果的影响。结果显示,板料经过拉延筋后,出现材料硬化、变薄,并且有因横截面应力形成的力矩;仿真中采用等效拉延筋模型时,对板料经过拉延筋后出现的这些现象都不能准确地模拟。板料的硬化、在板料横截面的力矩,对工件的回弹预测结果影响显著。板料的横截面力矩的准确描述,对回弹预测的精度尤其重要。为了提高回弹的预测精度,有必要提出修正的等效拉延筋模型。     

铝合金复杂汽车零部件热成形-淬火一体化工艺参数优化

铝合金热成形-淬火一体化工艺将成形和热处理结合,能同时实现零件尺寸精度和性能的控制,是实现汽车轻量化的主要途径之一。但是在冲压成形尺寸相对较大、形状相对较复杂的铝合金板件时,依然存在各工艺参数难调试的问题。建立了AA6061铝合金的热变形统一黏塑性损伤本构模型,将其用于铝合金汽车B柱热冲压成形模拟,采用BP神经网络构建了工艺参数(板料成形温度,冲压速度,模具间隙)与成形性(最大减薄率,最大增厚率)之间的关系并结合遗传算法实现多目标优化,得到了AA6061铝合金热冲压的最佳成形工艺参数。优化之后,B柱的最大减薄率和最大增厚率分别从56.5%和14.2%降到了13.0%和10.0%,通过优化之后的工艺参数,制得了成形性良好、尺寸精度高的零件。结果证明了基于神经网络和遗传算法的热成形工艺优化方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于正交试验的车顶盖板冲压工艺参数模拟研究

针对车顶盖板冲压成形后局部最小厚度和最大厚度能够反映材料开裂和起皱的趋势,通过正交试验和AutoForm冲压模拟软件相结合,采用单因素试验和正交试验,以厚度变化量为评价指标,研究了压边力、冲压速度、摩擦系数、凸凹模间隙和拉深筋宽度对厚度的影响规律。采用极差和方差分析,确定了各因素影响的主次顺序以及不同因素对厚度影响的显著性,获得了最优冲压工艺参数,最后以实际生产出的实物模型进行验证。结果表明:厚度变化量随着各因素数值的增大而逐渐降低;各因素对最小厚度影响的主次顺序和选取的数值为:冲压速度1500 mm·s~(-1)、摩擦系数0.15、凸凹模间隙0.63 mm、拉深筋宽度18 mm、压边力200 kN。