中国餐饮业渗透在国际市场进入方式中的连锁经营模式的选择

面对国际化大趋势的影响,中国餐饮业走出国门已经迫在眉睫.本文通过阐述传统的国际市场进入方式和最近新出现的网络进入方式,同时针对中国餐饮业连锁经营的特点,从国际市场进入方式的角度对我国餐饮业在跨国经营中对连锁经营模式的选择进行了一些总结和阐述.希望能对我国餐饮企业的国际化之路有所帮助.     

频率经济、市场进入与退出

在位航空公司利用航空频率经济性构建轮辐型网络结构和歧视定价,导致经典的可竞争市场理论在放松管制后的航空市场中失灵.模型表明,当频率经济性强度系数较小时(0＜f＜0.305),在位者和新进入航空公司在三个市场都能共存;当频率经济性强度系数适中时(0.305≤f＜0.507),新进入航空公司将被迫退出其中一个市场;当频率经济性强度系数较大时(0.507≤f＜1),新进入航空公司将被迫退出所有市场.     

碳税政策对市场进入者低碳技术策略选择的影响分析

考虑潜在制造商的市场进入成本,采用两阶段分析法研究了碳税对市场进入制造商技术策略选择的影响,以及政府社会福利最大的碳税政策制定问题。第一阶段,政府和制造商stackelberg博弈制定碳税政策标准。第二阶段,在位制造商和市场进入制造商Cournot博弈决策技术选择。研究发现:①如果在位制造商采用普通技术,增加碳税有利于制造商采用减排效率较高的低碳技术进入市场;②如果在位制造商采用低碳技术,增加碳税不利于制造商进入市场;③市场进入成本较高情形下,碳税能够引导在位制造商采用低碳技术;市场进入成本较低情形下,当市场需求较大时碳税能够引导制造商都选择低碳技术;市场需求较小时,碳税政策部分或完全失效。     

跨国气体公司在中国市场进入战略的分析

介绍了全球主要工业气体公司(如德国林德集团、法国液化空气集团、美国普莱克斯集团、美国空气化学集团、德国梅塞尔集团等)在中国市场的进入战略,尤其是钢铁行业、石油化工行业、煤化工行业,以及化工园区等。     

混合模激光的模式拟合

通过研究混合模激光的模式分布,提出模阶数之和（２ｐ＋ｌ＋１）相同的模在混合模中占相同比例的假设,用计算机模拟的方法实现了混合模的模拟,理论模拟结果与实验测量的混合模分布很好地吻合,由此方法可模拟估算出混合模中各高阶模的强度比例。     

嘉翼伦铝合金电缆拟拓展海外市场

目前,我国已成为世界电缆制造大国,然而迄今为止,我们还没有一个能走向国际的世界电缆品牌,还没有一家中国电缆企业真正迈进世界级企业的殿堂。常丰电缆公司一直以来都致力于打造一个民族的电缆企业,依托其下的“嘉翼伦铝合金电缆”打造一个国际知名品牌,为国内电缆企业做一个国际标兵。     

中原油田进入国际市场的策略研究

中原油田是我国的重要石油生产基地,为我国的经济建设做出了重大贡献,在30多年的油气勘探开发实践中形成了自己的优势。但是,同国内其他油田一样,目前面临后备资源不足、勘探开发难度增大等问题,加上庞大的生产队伍给企业的经营带来了严重的威胁。在国内石油资源不能满足需要的情况下,参与国外油气资源的勘探开发,从国外取得资源,无论是对企业的发展还是国民经济的发展都是十分必要的。本文旨在为中原油田及国内同行在利用国际油气资源方面提出一些建议。     

大力拓展海外市场 提升自主品牌国际影响力

<正>3月29日,国家主席习近平在柏林亲切看望在德国训练的中国少年足球运动员。彭丽媛、王沪宁、栗战书、杨洁篪等参加。在观看中国少年足球队比赛时,彭丽媛拿出一款白色的手机为球员拍照,这张照片引起了网友热议。很多人好奇,彭丽媛究竟用的什么手机?有"手机达人"很快指出,彭丽媛使用的是国内厂商中兴通讯旗下子品牌努比亚的产品nubia Z5 mini中国梦版,目前市场售价不到2000     

模仿创新企业进入时机和动态定价联合决策问题研究

以系统动力学建模为研究方法,通过仿真研究模拟创新企业进入市场后的市场需求变化和收益情况,特别分析了当企业的决策目标分别为产品销量最大或产品收益最大两种情景下的运营策略。模型探讨了包括消费者犹豫行为和消费者对产品打折销售的心理预期两种不同消费者行为偏好对企业运营策略的影响。结果表明：模仿创新企业以追求产品销售最大化为目标时,其最优的运营策略为尽早打折和较大的价格折扣;而当模仿创新企业追求收益最大化时,其最优的运营策略是不打折。当消费者存在产品打折的心理预期时,企业通过推后打折时间,既满足消费者的心理预期,还能获得更多的产品收益。     

Innovation, New Market and Governance Choices of Entry: The Internet Brokerage Market Case

This paper investigates the case of market entry strategies following the introduction of a disruptive innovation. Recognizing that market entry strategies have been envisioned in the literature as a discrete phenomenon, we develop an empirical framework that portrays these strategies as a capability building process. Three organizational modes are integrated into our model: acquisition, alliance and market transaction. We compare the first two with the third and test the model in the setting of the online brokerage industry by using a sample of 897 moves made by 98 firms between 1994 and 2000. We suggest that firms' entry modes can be differentiated along factors specific to market timing as well as the degree of specificity of targeted capabilities. Our findings show that acquisitions are used to access specific capabilities. This means that external sources can be used when firms face a make-or-buy decision in the aftermath of technological change. Alliances appear to play a limited role while market transactions are widely used. By suggesting that entry into a new industry is not a discrete phenomenon, our research should open the avenue to additional inquiries on this topic.     

模拟数字混合乘法器矢量测量的原理及应用

首先介绍了一种矢量测量的新原理，并对该测量原理的幅度误差和相位误差进行了理论分析。然后，仿真分析了谐波分析的矢量误差，并给出了相应的实验测试结果。结果表明，相位测量的理论误差为零，幅度测量的理论误差可用修正系数消除，且使用较低位数的D／A转换器，可得到高准确度的结果。最后，给出此种矢量测量原理应用的几种方案。     

Mixed Mode Fracture of Concrete under Proportional and Nonproportional Loading

A novel testing procedure for mixed mode crack propagation in concrete is presented: four point bend of notched beams under the action of two independent force actuators. In contrast to classical procedures, this method allows nonproportional loading and crack trajectory modifications by changing the action of one actuator. Different experimental crack trajectories, under mixed mode and nonproportional loading, are presented together with the corresponding curves of load-CMOD and load-displacement. The tests were performed for three homotetic specimen sizes and two mixed mode loading conditions. The results are useful for checking the accuracy of mixed mode fracture analytical and numerical models. The models should predict the crack trajectory and a complete group of experimental records of load and displacements on several control points in the specimen. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

改革开放以来境内外汇市场发展质量:历程、成效与展望

基于人民币汇率制度演变和改革开放以来境内外汇市场发展历程,研究提出外汇市场高质量发展的核心内涵是服务实体经济高质量发展并构建高水平的金融基础设施,其实践逻辑应坚持基于实需原则的汇率市场化改革,并与人民币国际化和资本项目开放相互促进、协调发展。研究初步构建了基于汇率制度、市场效率、市场开放、市场公平、市场风险和市场多样性六个维度的外汇市场质量评估体系,研究发现境内外汇市场发展水平与人民币汇率市场化程度、人民币国际化水平和我国资本项目可兑换现状基本相称,但较英美等成熟外汇市场还存在较大差距。研究建议从深化汇率制度改革、丰富市场主体类型、发展场内外汇交易、深化资本项目开放、提升风险应对能力等方面稳步推动境内外汇市场高质量发展。     

Profitability and Speed of Foreign Market Entry

This research explores the relationship between firm profitability and actual speed of foreign market entry. Results suggest that profitability has an inverted U-shaped relationship with actual speed of foreign market entry, in the context of large US corporate law firms entering China. This result supports the idea that firms with both the need and resources to expand into foreign markets rapidly will do so, while laggards will lack either the resources or need to enter markets. Results also suggest that previously established offices in culturally similar markets, larger firm size, firm infancy, and prior international experience hasten market entry. Alternatively, limited organizational slack and concentrated practices delay market entry. Unexpectedly, prior entry of competitors appears to represent a deterrent to rapid entry. Additionally, while regulatory reforms on foreign law firms in China allowed for wider geographic access, they also increased operating restrictions, slowing entry speeds. Finally, results suggest that intense home-market competitive intensity may divert or decrease resource commitments to rapid foreign expansion.     

Invariant Points on Energy Contours Around a Crack Tip Under Mixed Mode Loading

The locus of points around a crack tip where the strain energy density is set equal to a critical value reveals interesting features. It is seen that, for certain cases, two points on this locus remain invariant with respect to the phase of the applied loads. The existence of these invariant points is examined for different configurations - a crack in a homogeneous isotropic medium, an interface crack and an inclined interface crack. This analysis is extended to the two components of strain energy density – volumetric (VSED) and distortional (DSED). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of Fatigue Behavior of Epoxy‐Carbon Composites under Mixed Mode I/II Loading

This paper presents an experimental assessment of the initiation and propagation of interlaminar cracks under mixed mode I/II dynamic fracture loading of a composite material with an MTM45‐1 epoxy matrix and unidirectional IM7 carbon‐fiber reinforcement. The aims of the experimental program developed for this purpose are to determine, on the one hand, the initiation curves of the fatigue delamination process, understood as the number of load cycles needed to generate a fatigue crack, and on the other, the crack growth rate (delamination rate) for different percentages of static Gc, in both cases for two mode mixities (0.2 and 0.4) and for a tensile ratio R = 0.1. All this with the goal of quantifying the influence of the degree of mode mixity on the overall behavior of the laminate under fatigue loading. The results show that the energy release rate increases with increasing loading levels for both degrees of mode mixity and that the fatigue limit is located around the same percentages. However, crack growth rate behavior differs from one degree of mode mixity to the other. This difference in the behavior of the material may be due to the varying influence of mode I loading on the delamination process.

     

J-Dominance in Mixed Mode Ductile Fracture Specimens

The asymptotic mixed mode crack tip fields in elastic-plastic solids are scaled by the J-integral and parameterized by a near-tip mixity parameter, M _{_p} . In this paper, the validity and range of dominance of these fields are investigated. To this end, small strain elastic-plastic finite element analyses of mixed mode fracture are first performed using a modified boundary layer formulation. Here, a two term expansion of the elastic crack tip field involving the stress intensity factor |K| the elastic mixity parameter M _{_e} as well as the T-stress is prescribed as remote boundary conditions. The analyses are conducted for different values of M _{_e} and the T-stress. Next, several commonly used mixed mode fracture specimens such as Compact Tension Shear (CTS), Four Point Bend (4PB), and modified Compact Tension specimen are considered. Here, the complete range of loading from contained yielding to large scale yielding is analyzed. Further, different crack to width ratios and strain hardening exponents are considered. The results obtained establish that the mixed mode asymptotic fields dominate over physically relevant length scales in the above geometries, except for predominantly mode I loading and under large scale yielding conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.