Effects of CeO2 additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Al2O3 composites

To improve the mechanical properties of WC-Al2O3 composites,the effects of trace amount of CeO2 additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the WC-Al2O3 composites prepared by hot pressing were investigated. The results revealed that the WC-Al2O3 composites doped with 0.1% CeO2 possessed refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties compared with that of the undoped WC-Al2O3 composites.Trace CeO2 suppressed the decarburization of WC,promoted the microstructural refinement,and improved the interface coherence of the WC matrix and Al2O3. When 0.1% Ce O2 was added to the WC-Al2O3 composites,the effect of CeO2 resulted in the achievement of a relative density of 98.82% with an excellent Vickers hardness of 16.89 GPa,combining a fracture toughness of 9.85 M Pa·m1 /2with an acceptable flexural strength of1 024.05 MPa.     

WC-Al2O3复合材料热压烧结工艺的改进

材料致密度的高低和晶粒的大小直接影响材料的力学性能和使用性能。为了进一步提高WC-Al2O3复合材料的致密度和控制晶粒尺寸,利用改进的普通热压烧结工艺,即二阶段热压烧结工艺对WC-Al2O3复合材料进行烧结,研究确定最佳二阶段烧结工艺及其对复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,WC-Al2O3复合材料的最佳二阶段热压烧结工艺为TSS3,即T1=1 600℃,T2=1 450℃,t2=6 h。在TSS3烧结制度下制备的WC-Al2O3复合材料,其致密度(TD)为99%,WC晶粒尺寸为2.38μm,维氏硬度为19.71 GPa,断裂韧性为12 MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1 285.03 MPa。与普通热压烧结制度下制备试样的力学性能相比,晶粒尺寸有所减小,致密度、硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度均有较明显提高。     

稀土氧化物对羟基磷灰石力学性能和显微结构的影响

采用XRD,SEM及力学性能测试等方法研究添加稀土氧化物Y2O3、CeO2和(Y2O3+CeO2)对羟基磷灰石基复合材料的烧结温度、力学性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明,添加2%的稀土氧化物,可以降低烧结温度,改善显微结构,提高抗弯强度。尤其是添加2%的复合稀土氧化物(Y2O3+CeO2)后,羟基磷灰石基复合材料的抗弯强度达110 MPa,是未添加稀土氧化物的试样的1.29倍。其强度提高的主要原因是稀土元素的细晶强化和固溶强化等对基体的作用。     

热压反应合成Al_2O_3-Ho_2O_3/TiAl复合材料

利用Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3体系原位反应合成了Ho掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。采用DTA结合XRD分析对体系反应过程进行了探讨。借助XRD、EDS和SEM等手段,对放热体系的物相组成及晶粒微观形貌进行了分析表征。结果表明:Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3以及HoAl3相组成;Ho2O3的引入对基体相生成比例(TiAl:Ti3Al)有一定的调控作用,并使得基体晶粒和Al2O3晶粒均有所细化且逐渐分布均匀。力学性能测试表明:当Ho2O3的引入量为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593.5MPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.74MPa.m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能。     

掺杂Nb2O5对RHP合成Al2O3-TiAl复合材料的影响

采用反应热压(RHP)工艺,利用Ti、Al、TiO2及Nb2O5之间的放热反应,在较低温度下制备了Nb2O5强化Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助XRD、OM及SEM等手段,考察了Nb2O5对Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的相分布及组织结构的影响.结果表明:材料产物由γ-TiAl、α2-Ti3Al、Al2O3和NbAl3相构成,Al2O3颗粒分布于基体交界处,存在一定的偏聚.Nb2O5的引入,使得γ-TiAl相含量减少,α2-Ti3Al相含量增大;基体晶粒有所细化,且分布逐渐趋于均匀.当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,组织主要由α2-Ti3Al/γ-TiAl层片状晶团组成,出现了较完整的γ-TiAl晶粒,属于近片层(NL)组织结构,层片状晶团的尺寸小于50μm,γ晶粒尺寸小于5μm.力学性能测试表明,当Nb2O5的引入量(质量分数)为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593MPa,硬度为4.77 GPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.93MPa·m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能.     

La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3(p)/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助XRD, SEM分析及力学性能测试, 分析了La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响, 探讨了稀土氧化物（La2O3, Ce2O3）的细化机制. 研究结果表明： 掺杂稀土氧化物后产物由γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al双相、 Al2O3及Al4La或Al4Ce相组成;Al2O3颗粒分布于晶界处, 使基体晶粒得以细化;引入稀土元素后材料的密度明显增强, 氧化铝的团聚现象减弱. 力学性能测试表明, La2O3, Ce2O3的引入, 有效改善了复合材料的力学性能, 尤其是掺杂Ce2O3后, 材料的抗弯强度比未掺杂时提高了160%以上.     

纳米Al2O3-硬质合金复合材料试验研究

基于在WC-Co基体中加入纳米Al2O3强化硬质合金性能的设想,对几种配方的纳米Al2O3-硬质合金复合材料进行了力学性能测试、耐磨耐冲击试验和微观组织结构的分析研究.结果表明,加入适量的纳米Al2O3不但可细化合金晶粒,使材料组织结构更加均匀,耐磨性能提高,而且增强了WC晶界的强度,使得材料的断裂形式由沿晶断裂转向穿晶断裂,起到增强补韧的作用.同时,加入稀土也提高了材料的综合性能.将纳米复合材料制成钻齿并装配成钻头进行了现场试验,与硬质合金齿钻头相比,其破岩效率提高20%,使用寿命提高80%.     

无压烧结制备透辉石增韧补强氧化铝基结构陶瓷材料

采用温度梯度无压烧结工艺制备了透辉石增韧补强Al2O3基结构陶瓷材料,探讨了其烧结致密化特性,对无压烧结后材料的硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析;分析了复合材料力学性能随透辉石含量变化的关系;探讨了复合材料断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响.与纯Al2O3相比,透辉石/ Al2O3复合材料的力学性能得到明显提高,其中AD3[97% Al2O3 + 3%(体积分数)透辉石]综合力学性能较好,其硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度分别为15.57 GPa、417 MPa和5.2 MPa·m1/2.力学性能提高的主要原因是添加相与Al2O3基体之间界面反应的发生以及透辉石对复合材料的晶粒细化效应.     

热压法制备Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料及力学性能研究

以MoO_3粉、Mo粉、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械合金化结合热压烧结法制备了Mo5Si3-Al_2O_3复合材料,研究了Al_2O_3含量对Mo5Si3-Al_2O_3复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的主要物相组成为Mo5Si3、Al_2O_3和Mo3Si,其平均晶粒尺寸在51~99 nm之间,具有纳米晶结构。Al_2O_3的引入细化了晶粒,提高了复合材料的致密度和力学性能。Mo5Si3-30%Al_2O_3复合材料的致密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为99.6%、13.2 GPa、322 MPa和6.43 MPa·m1/2。     

Cr3C2/CrN复合添加剂对非均匀结构硬质合金性能的影响

本文以粗、中、纳米颗粒WC为原料,采用粉末冶金方法制备了不同Cr₃C₂/CrN复合添加剂含量的WC-10%Co非均匀结构硬质合金,并研究了Cr₃C₂/CrN复合添加剂对硬质合金微观组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明：随着Cr₃C₂/CrN复合添加剂含量增加,WC晶粒被抑制效果越显著,合金硬度呈递增趋势,抗弯强度则先增加后减小。当Cr₃C₂/CrN复合添加剂含量为1%时,合金综合性能最佳,维氏硬度达到1270HV3,抗弯强度达到2880MPa。复合添加剂增强作用机理主要是因为复合添加剂溶解在液相Co中,降低了WC在Co相中的溶解度,减缓WC溶解-析出过程,抑制了WC晶粒聚晶和异常长大现象,并起到固溶强化和弥散强化的作用,有效提升了合金综合性能。     

CaO-SiO_2-Na_2O-CaF_2-Al_2O_3-MgO保护渣系的Al_2O_3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO -SiO2 -Na2 O -CaF2 -Al2 O3-MgO渣系 ,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2 O3吸收速率 ,研究连铸保护渣的Al2 O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下 ,当CaO SiO2 为1 .2左右时 ,粘度达到最小值 ,Al2 O3吸收速率达到最大值 ,分别为 0 .1 0Pa·s、8.4 0 3× 1 0 - 4 kg·m- 2 ·s- 1 。随着渣中Na2 CO3含量、CaF2 含量和MgO含量的增加 ,粘度减小 ,Al2 O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2 O3含量的增加 ,粘度增大 ,Al2 O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2 O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加 ,连铸保护渣的Al2 O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

Thermodynamic study of BaCuO2 and BaCu2O2

The Gibbs energy changes for the syntheses of the interceramic compounds of BaCuO₂ and BaCu₂O₂ were investigated as a basic study in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system that includes a superconductor, YBa₂Cu₃O_6.5+x . For the compound BaCuO₂, thermogravimetry with CO₂-O₂-N₂ gas mixtures was employed, and equilibrium temperatures were determined at which CO₂ partial pressures in the gas mixtures were equilibrated with mixed powder of BaCuO₂, CuO, and BaCO₃. The Gibbs energy change for the reaction of BaCO₃ + CuO = BaCuO₂ + CO₂ was determined from the relation between CO₂ partial pressure and equilibrium temperature, taking into consideration the effect of CO₂ dissolution in BaCuO₂. For the study on BaCu₂O₂, electromotive force (emf) measurement using yttria-stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte was conducted. A technique using two cells was applied to the emf measurement for minimizing the effect of dispersion of oxygen from samples, and the Gibbs energy change for the reaction of BaCuO₂ + CuO = BaCu₂O₂ + 1/2O₂ was decided from the measured O₂ partial pressure.     

Biological activity and phosphorylation of 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidine

2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidine were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against ribonucleotide reductase and for subsequent cell growth inhibition. Their mono- and di-phosphates were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against the reductase were also determined in a permeabilized cell system, along with the two nucleosides. The results of the present study identify the first phosphorylation step involved in the conversion of the two azidonucleosides to the corresponding diphosphates to be rate-limiting in the overall activation.     

Raman spectroscopy of the structures of Li2O-SiO2 and Li2O-GeO2 melts

An analysis of the Li₂O-SiO₂ and Li₂O-GeO₂ systems in the temperature range from 298 to 1373 K has been performed by Raman spectroscopy. A comparison of the spectroscopic data for the crystalline phases, glasses, and melts allowed us to determine the main anion groups existing in these systems and to establish the structural changes induced by changes in the temperature and composition.