6种药剂对葱蝇的毒力及控制效果

测定了灭蝇胺、氟铃脲等6种药剂对葱蝇3龄幼虫的毒力和杀卵活性，并进行了盆栽灌根和持效期试验。结果表明：氟铃脲和虱螨脲对3龄幼虫的毒力高，灭蝇胺和氟铃脲在常规使用浓度下，对1、2龄幼虫有较强的毒杀作用。处理3龄幼虫能使蛹畸形，不同药剂间的杀卵作用差异较大。灭蝇胺灌根处理土壤，对1～2龄幼虫的持效期可达15d以上，对3龄幼虫可达lOd以上。灭蝇胺和氟铃脲在葱蝇防治中有较大的应用价值。     

二氯四氟乙氧基苯胺的开发及应用

一、前言 3,5-二氯-4-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯胺(本文简称二氯四氟乙氧基苯胺)是合成苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂—氟铃脲的主要中间体。氟铃脲杀虫剂的作用机理是抑制害虫几丁质的合成,使害虫在蜕皮时不能形成新的表皮,虫体呈畸形而死亡,同时还能抑制害虫的吃食速度,具有较强的击倒力和很高的杀卵活性。田间试验表明:氟铃脲不但对杀死第一、二、三代棉铃虫有特效,且对尚无药可治的第四代棉铃虫也具有高于80％的防效;其次对蔬菜、果树及森林中的小菜娥、青菜虫、     

杀虫剂氟铃脲的合成

氟铃脲为新一代几丁质合成抑制剂,具有很高的杀虫、杀卵活性,尤其可用于防治棉铃虫。报道了氟铃脲的合成工艺,原料易得,反应条件温和,总收率达４３％,适合工业化生产。     

氟铃脲：近期受到企业关注

氟铃脲杀虫剂，适用于蔬菜、棉花、果树、林木等作物防治多种鳞翅目害虫，并对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类，拟除虫菊酯产生抗性的害虫具有良好的效果，但对家蚕、鱼类等毒性大。美国的陶氏益农公司于1998年在我国登记商品51％大福生乳油(毒死蜱 氟铃脲复配)防治棉花棉铃虫。国内首家企业于1996年登记氟铃脲     

欧盟批准氟铃脲作为杀生剂

<正>欧盟委员会近日批准了氟铃脲作为杀生剂,从2007年4月1日正式生效,有效期为5年。陶氏益农的氟铃脲属苯甲酰脲杀虫剂,是几丁质合成抑制剂,具有很高的杀虫和杀卵活性,常被专业人士用来防治白蚁。(来源:世界农化网,2015-11-17)     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜜蜂及蜂产品中5种农药及氟虫腈代谢物残留

[目的]建立蜜蜂及蜂蜜和蜂花粉中氟虫腈、氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚、氟虫腈砜、灭幼脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲、杀铃脲等5种农药及氟虫腈代谢物的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法(HPLC-MS/MS),并将该方法用于实际样品检测.[方法]样品中的农药残留用乙腈提取,盐析后用C18、PSA吸附剂净化,经C18色谱柱分离,在...     

酰基脲类杀螨杀虫剂氟虫脲

酰基脉类(包括苯甲酰苯基脲类)是日趋重要的一类杀虫剂,它借干扰几丁质合成而杀死害虫,对哺乳动物、鸟和鱼类毒性低,对抗性害虫也有效。氟虫脲的杀螨活性与市售的同类化合物相比,其杀虫谱广。在低剂量下的田间试验表明,对果树、葡萄、柑桔、棉花、玉米、大豆和蔬菜等具有优异的保护作用,能防治多种害虫,对有益的节肢动物有一点点危险。     

丙溴磷,杀螨隆,氟铃脲等防治小菜蛾及菜青虫试验

试验结果表明，丙溴磷、杀螨隆、氟铃脲等对小菜蛾均有效，且持效期长，丙溴磷具有速效性及对菜青虫高效。     

杀铃脲的合成

采用以对三氟甲氧基苯胺和光气为原料合成的异氰酸酯与邻氯苯甲酰胺加成反应制备杀铃脲,产品总收率约77％。     

防治棉铃虫的新型酰基脲类杀虫剂

XRD-473为新型酰基脲类杀虫剂,它的物理性能类似于其它酰基脲类杀虫剂,但具有更广的生物活性谱,尤其是防治大多数棉铃虫属的害虫。与其它酰基脲类杀虫剂相比,XRD473有更高的杀幼虫和接触杀卵活性,而且杀虫作用来的快。本品对人及有益昆虫的毒性较     

三氟甲吡醚的合成与杀虫活性

以对苯二酚和1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷为起始原料,经4步反应合成了三氟甲吡醚,目标化合物的结构经1H NMR确证。杀虫活性测试结果表明,三氟甲吡醚对小菜蛾(Plutella xyllostella)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)及粘虫(Mythimna separate)具有优异的杀虫活性,其中在2.5 mg/L浓度下对甜菜夜蛾的防效为100%。     

四氯虫酰胺的合成及其杀虫活性

四氯虫酰胺(SYP-9080)是沈阳化工研究院有限公司创制的杀虫剂,对哺乳动物低毒,对鳞翅目害虫防效优异,具有应用前景和开发价值。重点对四氯虫酰胺的合成方法、生物活性等方面进行了简要介绍。四氯虫酰胺以2,3,5-三氯吡啶为起始原料经7步制得,对甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、黏虫、二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟等鳞翅目害虫具有优异的防效。     

Detoxification of isothiocyanate allelochemicals by glutathione transferase in three lepidopterous species

Glutathione transferase activity towards various plant isothiocyanates was studied in larvae of the two generalists, fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)], and cabbage looper [Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)], and the specialist, velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) using the midgut soluble fraction as enzyme source. The generalists, but not the specialist, are adapted to feeding on isothiocyanate-containing crucifers. Allyl and benzyl isothiocyanate were found to be metabolized by glutathione transferase from the two generalist species, but no activity was detected with the specialist. The transferase activity towards these allelochemicals in the cabbage looper was two- to sixfold higher than that in the fall armyworm. In all instances, activity was induced by various allelochemicals including indole 3-acetonitrile, indole 3-carbinol, flavone, xanthotoxin, and its own substrates. The induction ranged from 1.3- to 10.1-fold depending on the allelochemical, with the fall armyworm being more inducible. The transferase system of fall armyworm also metabolized another analog, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, but activity can only be observed after induction. Bioassay results showed that these isothiocyanates were all toxic to the lepidopterans, causing acute toxicity in neonates and final-instar larvae. The results suggest that glutathione transferase plays an important role in the detoxification of isothiocyanates and hence food-plant adaptation in phytophagous insects.     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对主要害虫药效概述

本文介绍了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、菜青虫、棉铃虫等害虫的防治效果。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是所有试验的杀虫剂中对甜菜夜蛾杀虫活性最高的。     

Antifeedant activity of quassinoids

The antifeedant activity of 13 quassinoids of different structural types has been studied against the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) 4th instar larvae and the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Crawer) 5th instar larvae. All quassinoids tested displayed significant activity against the Mexican bean beetle and, thus, do not reveal a simple structure-activity relationship. Five quassinoids were active against the southern armyworm. Interestingly, four of these-bruceantin (I), glaucarubinone (VI), isobruceine A (VIII), and simalikalactone D (XI)-possess the required structural features for antineoplastic activity. The noncytotoxic quassin (X) is an exception; it is active against both pests.     

噻虫酰胺对5种鳞翅目昆虫的杀虫活性研究

噻虫酰胺,试验代号JS9117,是江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司于2009年创制发现的新型邻杂环苯甲酰胺类化合物。以氯虫苯甲酰胺为对照药剂,采用浸叶碟饲喂法、浸虫法及综合法等处理小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、二化螟等幼虫,研究了噻虫酰胺的杀虫活性。结果表明,噻虫酰胺对5种鳞翅目昆虫具有高活性,对小菜蛾的活性是氯虫苯甲酰胺的1.58～1.83倍,对甜菜夜蛾是0.64～4.87倍,对斜纹夜蛾是1.04～1.34倍,对棉铃虫是1.36～1.98倍,对二化螟是0.23～1.33倍。本研究为噻虫酰胺的进一步研发和应用提供了参考。     

东方蓼提取物杀虫杀菌活性初探

东方蓼阴干样品经初步粉碎后,分别用体积比为1∶6的乙醇-石油醚和乙酸乙酯浸泡提取,将提取物稀释至4000mg/L后,分别对黏虫、淡色库蚊、小菜蛾、桃蚜、朱砂叶螨;小麦白粉病、黄瓜霜霉病、黄瓜炭疽病进行室内生物活性测定试验,结果表明,东方蓼茎石油醚提取物具有较强的杀虫杀菌活性,对淡色库蚊、黏虫和桃蚜的杀虫效果分别可达90%、80%和80%,对黄瓜霜霉病的杀菌效果可达80%,对小麦白粉病的杀菌效果可达40%。     

Differential Activity of Multiple Saponins Against Omnivorous Insects with Varying Feeding Preferences

A variety of glycosylated and unglycosylated saponins from seven different plant families (Aquifoliaceae, Asparagaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Sapindaceae) were tested against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The corn earworm feeds readily on both monocots and dicots, while the fall armyworm is primarily a grass feeder. Most of the saponins were similarly effective or ineffective against both insect species, with the glycosides being the primary active form (compared to aglycones). However, one aglycone possessed antifeedant properties toward the fall armyworm. Thus, in contrast to many plant secondary metabolites effective against either of these two species where the aglycone is more effective, in the case of the saponins the opposite is generally true. This appears to be a contradictory strategy of plant defenses that requires further consideration. The activity of protodioscin against insects is reported for the first time and may be important in insect defense by the bioenergy crop switchgrass.     

Defensive Role of Tomato Polyphenol Oxidases against Cotton Bollworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis>) and Beet Armyworm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera exigua</Emphasis>)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), enzymes that oxidize phenolics to quinones, have been implicated in plant resistance to insects. The role of PPO in resistance to cotton bollworm [Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)] and beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated. Consumption, weight gains, and mortality of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tomato lines overexpressing PPO (OP lines) and of larvae feeding on foliage of transgenic tomato lines with suppressed PPO (SP lines) were compared with consumption, weight gains, and mortality of larvae feeding on non-transformed (NT) plants. Increases in foliage consumption and weight gains were observed for cotton bollworms feeding on leaves of SP plants compared to NT and OP plants. PPO activity was negatively correlated with both weight gains and foliar consumption of cotton bollworm, substantiating the defensive role of PPO against this insect. Similarly, beet armyworm consumed less foliage (both young and old leaves) from OP plants than SP plants. Larvae feeding on OP leaves generally exhibited lower weight gains than those feeding on SP leaves. These results indicate that tomato PPO plays a role in resistance to both cotton bollworm and beet armyworm.     

1.5%斑蝥素AS对粘虫的生物活性

通过研究发现1．5％斑蝥素AS对粘虫具有较强的触杀作用与拒食作用,处理24h后,除了400mg／L的处理外,其余各处理粘虫的死亡率和拒食率均随药剂质量浓度的降低而降低。其触杀毒力的LD50值为0．4570mg／kg,拒食作用的EC50值为2．5692mg／L,表明1．5％斑蝥素AS对粘虫具有很高的杀虫效果。