加强医院计量管理促进医疗质量提高

现代医学发展科学化的一个重要标志是诊断治疗规范化、数据化。医院计量管理是现代医院医疗质量管理的重要方面，它在保证一线医疗质量，充分发挥计量设施的潜在效能，增强管理职能，完善管理制度等领域中，均是现代化管理形式的重要内容、手段和方法。为此，我们在这个方面作了一些尝试及探索。     

实验室“产品”质量保证措施探讨

<正>作为实验室全部工作的最终产品——检测报告的质量受人员素质、设备、管理等因素制约。本文根据笔者从事实验室质检工作及质量管理的实践经验,对实验室工作的各个环节进行系统分析,探讨如何才能有效控制检测报告的质量。     

东莞市机械厂用质量管理手册规范企业生产经营行为

本刊讯（记者马清义）作为我国最早研制、生产双斜面弹簧度盘秤的企业，广东省东芜市机械厂强化企业的规范化、现代化管理，制定出包括计量器具周检标准，标准器、量具管理，质量责任制等各方面内容的工厂质量管理手册，以规范企业的生产经营行为，使企业产品质量水平和管理水平有了很大提高。为确保进入市场的弹簧度盘秤质量，配合国家淘汰杆秤的工作，东莞市机械厂在多年质量管理的基础上，把各种行之有效的企业规章制度重新修订整理，并将企业各部门、各岗位的工作标准重新考核、规范，制定企业质量管理手册，把计量器具生产纳入规范化、…     

市政工程公路施工质量控制探究

若对市政工程公路实行全方位、全面的管理，那么就需对市政工程公路中的各个方面、因素、环节、工序等进行细致化、全面化考虑，并制定系统化规范化的管理体系，也只有这样才能保证施工技术质量的管理正常开展。本文对市政工程公路施工工艺和施工质量控制等方面的内容进行了浅的分析和探讨。     

工程分包队伍的全过程动态评价管理机制的建立与应用

基建项目施工分包队伍长期存在的资质挂靠、以包代管、施工能力参差不齐、人员流动性大、重公司资质轻过程管理等问题，施工作业安全风险巨大。加强分包队伍的管理，是基建管理工作的当务之急。通过开展管理创新、体系建设、制度完善，严格开展分包队伍资信准入评价、过程能力评价和动态综合评价，形成了对分包管理的“三级全过程动态评价管理机制”，进一步实现了工程分包队伍的规范化管理，施工安全质量水平有所提高，取得了较好的应用效果，促进了广安电网科学发展、安全发展。     

如何在通信工程设计中进行规范化管理

设计工作处于工程前期的重要阶段，设计阶段的失误就意味着重大失误，因此设计的规范化管理就显得尤为重要。本文阐述了如何在实际工作中进行设计规范化管理，包括制定规范化的设计管理流程，以及设计管理流程中需重点管控的几个阶段，同时采取定期召开设计工作会议、不定期举办新技术、新知识讲座、预算价格信息联动、在规划阶段提前介入工程设计、专人负责等举措来加强设计规范化管理工作。     

试验报告核查方法研究

本文所指的"报告核查"是指认证机构对获证后产品的型式试验报告进行的追溯性评审。报告核查是检测质量控制的手段之一,主要用于年度评价、机构内审、质量追溯等。报告核查尤其适用于多家分包实验室之间报告比对和评审。本文将近年来在认证机构的实验室管理部门的工作经验加以总结,介绍实验室质量管理的方法之一"报告核查"。     

加强计量认证工作管理 保证建筑工程质量

山东省东营市东营区建设工程质量检测站于2000年8月再次通过“计量认证”复查。以第三方公正独立开展建筑工程、建筑构件以及现场所用建筑材料质量的监督检验、测试、抽样、工程质量事故处理、仲裁以及新结构、新技术、新产品的科技成果鉴定等工作,并同时向社会出具公正数据。一、加强计量认证管理,完善基础工作“百年大计,质量第一”,建设工程质量检测工作是建筑工程质量监督的重要手段。检测站为更好地保证工程质量,使建筑工程质量检测工作更加标准化、规范化,按照国家产品检验标准、规程以及全省统一的检测报告格式、管理要求及实际情况,…     

如何保证实验室检测报告的质量

检测机构是依据标准用科学的检验方法对产品或样品进行检验,取得准确的数据和结论,出具检验报告来公正、客观地评价产品或样品的质量水平。影响检测报告质量的因素是多方面的。本文从样品采集和检验全过程控制及报告编制审核等各方面,对如何保证检测报告的质量进行阐述,从而真正有效地促进检测工作质量的不断提高。     

浅谈医院计量工作的规范化的管理

医院计量器具是给患者诊断，治疗的工具，为准确治病，必须保持其准确性，这就要求加强医院计量工作的规范化管理。     

Determination of ambient and personal dose equivalent for personnel and cargo security screening

In the past few years, imaging technology using ionising radiation has been gaining in importance for the screening of goods and persons for security reasons and in order to detect contraband. For radiation protection purposes it is extremely important to know that dose persons are exposed to when passing through a personnel scanner or, as a stowaway, in a cargo scanner, so as to remain within the prescribed dose limits. Within the scope of a research project, measurements were performed on different types of personnel X-ray scanners as well as cargo X-ray scanners, using the transmission and/or the backscattering method. All scanners investigated operate with a high dose rate and use short irradiation time. Owing to this method of scanning reliable values can only be determined for the personal and ambient dose equivalents, H(p)(10) and H(*)(10), by using a specially developed measuring system. The aim of this project was to determine the range of magnitudes of doses for representative personnel and cargo X-ray scanner systems. Depending on the type of scanner, the determined dose values for personnel scanners range from 0.07 microSv to 6 microSv. Measurements and instruments used in this study are described and the dose values obtained are discussed in detail.     

A quantitative analysis of the factors affecting personnel capacity requirement in maintenance department

The cost of maintenance personnel constitutes the largest block in the costs of the maintenance department. In order to reduce the increasing costs of maintenance it is important to ascertain the personnel capacity requirement in this department. The main factors affecting the capacity requirement were determined and quantitatively analysed. This quantitative analysis was effected by means of simulation modelling using a simulation package SIMPLE++ and an empirical data collection.     

实施优质营销服务,迎接X线胶片市场竞争挑战

中国将成为世界最大的照相器材市场，而且其增长潜力极大巨大而持久，因此世界上一些著名的感光材料跨国公司纷纷踊入中国市场，使Ｘ线胶片市场竞争极为激烈，本文以现代市场营销学为指导，根据对国有Ｘ线胶片生产企业目前形势的分析，研究了其营销策略，以对抗日益激烈的市场竞争，特别强调了市场营销服务的重要性，阐述其主要功能，作者还提出了建立优质高效营销服务系统的规范和措施，如；全面方针，具体活动，质量标准，人员培训     

Training of the maintenance personnel to prevent failures in aircraft systems

The aircraft maintenance process plays a vital role in aviation safety. The quality of the maintenance process and the qualifications of the aircraft maintenance personnel are important factors in the safety of aircraft.In this study the aircraft maintenance training model has been developed by especially taking in to account the EASA Part 66 regulations. The progression of the aircraft maintenance personnel training was investigated and suggestions to improve training process were given so as to prevent failures in aircraft systems.     

An Examination of Engineering Personnel Assignment Policies in the Multi-Project,Capacity Constrained Situation

Abstract:

Engineering management is often done in a multiproject setting where projects arrive dynamically, engineering human resources are overloaded, and preemption is allowed. In this simulation research, factors of that setting are varied to identify ideal resource assignment policies associated with personnel capacity loading and the use of personnel preemption. The experimental factors include resource overloading, learning rate, and the frequency and length of preemption. The performance measures are project set flow time, resource utilization, and mean project duration. The best situation is one where preemption is not allowed but where engineering resources are overloaded to 200% of capacity. The results of this research are important for engineering resource utilization and for the timely project completion, and have the additional benefit of recommending a best practice for project initiation and engineering project portfolio management.     

辐射吊顶贴附层露点温度的动态变化规律研究

本文实验研究了室内人员增加时辐射吊顶贴附层露点温度的变化,通过数值模拟和SAS软件进行线性回归得到系统稳态下各影响因子对贴附层空气露点温度的影响程度,进一步得到主要影响因子与贴附层露点温度的动态变化关系式,并使用实验数据对模拟和计算结果进行验证。研究结果表明,增加2人和4人时,贴附层空气露点温度分别升高约1.5 ℃和2.5 ℃;人员距贴附层距离和人员增加数量对贴附层露点温度的影响较大,贡献率占比分别为43%和48%,其他影响因子可以忽略;贴附层空气露点温度动态变化式呈负指数函数形式,人员距贴附层距离比人员增加数量对贴附层空气露点温度动态变化的影响更大。     

基于自组织神经网络的建筑市场执业资格人员信用分类研究

利用自组织神经网络技术,结合建筑市场执业资格人员信用的相关特点,研究了网络中神经元个数的确定、训练步数、网络维数、获胜神经元的领域等对网络结构和执业资格人员信用划分类别的影响,给出了执业资格人员信用分类的网络构造思想和神经网络结构,并以被调查的执业资格人员为例进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,该方法简便、易行,适用于执业资格人员信用分类研究,为开展执业资格人员信用管理奠定了良好的理论方法基础。     

Estimating and ranking the impact of human error roots on power grid maintenance group based on a combination of mathematical expectation,Shannon entropy,and TOPSIS

Due to the importance of electrical grid reliability, analysis and evaluation of human error in the maintenance of electrical networks should be also considered seriously. The root causes of these errors must be identified and prioritized to plan for human error reduction. One of the objectives of the present study is to identify and predict these roots for power transmission maintenance groups from organizational, job position, communication, individual, and supervision aspects along with the relationships between these factors. In particular, this paper demonstrates that supervisor behavior as an external factor has a significant effect on maintenance personnel error. For this reason, special attention has been paid to identifying and controlling human factors from a supervisory point of view in this study. This paper also provides a method for detecting the extent of the expected influence of these roots on each personnel, since human error has a random nature. This is done based on the law of mathematical expectation. Finally, a method is suggested to rank roots based on greater effectiveness and evaluate personnel with higher error expectations. The proposed method is a combination of intermediate methods, Shannon entropy, and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The origins of the four human errors between 2014 and 2018 related to the two experts of Fars Electricity Maintenance Contractor Company are compared by the proposed method.     

Evaluation of personal doses associated with the use of mobile X-rays in a Brazilian hospital

In Brazilian public hospitals, the number of patients needing assistance is often much greater than the capacity of the hospital. In such situations, medical procedures are performed as quickly as possible, and mobile X-ray equipment is used intensively. This equipment is used for several types of examination, in different areas of the hospital. During the examination procedure, apart from the radiology technicians involved, there are always other people in the room who are also exposed to the radiation scattered by the patient. The objective of this study was to determine the exposure, due to the use of mobile X-ray equipment, of hospital personnel, divided into two categories named 'monitored' and 'non-monitored'. Evaluation of 413 radiographies was performed, the vast majority of them being chest examinations (75 %). During the procedures, specific information was collected to allow measurement in simulated situations. Air kerma rates were measured at different distances from the mobile X-ray equipment using an ionisation chamber and an acrylic phantom with dimensions of 30×30×15 cm(3). From the results, it was possible to estimate the personal dose equivalent received by the individuals in the room during the procedure and to determine the dose maps associated with the use of the mobile X-ray equipment. The results obtained in this study were in accordance with dose limits, but some observed situations were considered critical.     

Radiation measurements around X-ray cabinet systems

Security personnel who operate X-ray units for the control of hand luggage and personal items at airports are generally not under dosimetric surveillance. A significant increase in the number of inspected items per passenger, due to rigorous air traffic security measures, raises a question of extended exposure of these workers to scattered X-ray radiation. A new approach to investigating directions of breaches of scattered X-ray radiation in the area near to an X-ray cabinet system, which is based on using active electronic dosemeters is presented. Influence of the increase in the number of inspected items in time on the dose rate is described. Time-dependent dose rates have showed a very good correlation with passengers undergoing security control prior to boarding an airplane. Measurements confirmed that an increase in the dose rate, coinciding with rush hours, was caused by scattered radiation passing through incompletely closed lead curtains. It is found that the doses at the entrance to the inspection tunnel are 50% higher than those at the exit, which is a consequence of inherent operational characteristics of X-ray cabinet systems.