64排多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在临床中的应用价值

目的:探讨64排多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值.方法:对230例临床拟诊为冠心病患者行64排多层螺旋CT血管成像,对所有原始数据进行冠状动脉三维重建等图像后处理,显示冠状动脉主干及主要分支,并对图像质量进行判定.结果:对比选择性冠状动脉造影检查显示64排多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对中度及以上狭窄的敏感性和特导性分别为92.5％和96.3％.结论:64排螺旋CT对中度及以上的冠脉狭窄具有良好的诊断价值,基本满足冠心病的诊断需求,可作为冠心病高危人群的一种初筛手段,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

抗凝血高分子材料的研究进展及其在心血管外科中的应用

着重介绍了近几年来，通过接枝和共混的方法，用磷酸酯聚合的，聚乙二醇，肝素等大分子对聚氨酯表面改性的新进展和它们在心血管外科领域的应用。同时介绍了新一代聚氨酯材料聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的特性及其在长期植入材料如全人工心脏方面的应用前景，此外，还介绍了具有活性端基的聚乙二醇以及它们在人体器官表面建立分子屏障，抑制血栓形成研究中的应用。     

多层螺旋CT及其后处理在老年食管裂孔疝诊断中的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术在老年食管裂孔疝诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析临床证实的20例老年食管裂孔疝患者的多层螺旋CT资料。结果:多层螺旋CT可较好显示了食管裂孔疝的疝囊部位、大小、形态、密度、膈肌裂孔情况及病变与周围结构情况。结论:多层螺旋CT及多平面重建技术是诊断老年食管裂孔疝较好的无创性检查方法。     

16排螺旋CT及后处理技术在复杂先天性心脏病中的应用

目的:探讨16排螺旋CT(MSCT)及后处理技术在复杂型先天性心脏病(CCHD)中的应用价值。方法:对260例CCHD患儿,行16排CT增强扫描(MSCTA),以多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)、仿真内窥镜(VB)、最小密度投影(MinIP)等方法进行图像重建,将MSCTA诊断结果、心脏超声心动图(ECHO)诊断结果与"金标准"手术结果对照。结果:260例中,手术确诊813处畸形,MSCT共检出712处,诊断准确率为89%(712/813),其中房间隔缺损82.3%(79/96),室间隔缺损91.3%(116/127),心脏—大血管连接部分92.6%(187/202),大血管部分99.4%(309/315)。结论:MSCT结合后处理技术能准确显示复杂型先天性心脏病畸形。     

CARE Dose4D技术在低剂量CT胸部体检中的应用探讨

目的：探讨CARE Dose4D技术在低剂量CT胸部体检的应用价值。方法：收集健康体检者160例,随机分为ABCD四组,各40例,参考管电流依次降低,然后评价四组图像质量,并计算有效吸收剂量（ED）。结果：BCD三组有效剂量均较A组降低,图像噪声增加,图像质量有所下降但不影响诊断。结论：采用该技术在可得到满足诊断的CT图像时大幅降低辐射剂量。     

CT与MRI在恶性大脑中动脉梗死中的应用进展

"恶性大脑中动脉梗死"为CT及MRI影像学上脑梗死范围>大脑中动脉供血区1/2或MRI的DWI序列图像提示脑梗死体积>145mL,形成明显的水肿、占位效应,导致神经功能的快速恶化,还可发生出血性转化及致命性脑疝,病死率极高.MMI临床表现重,可有多种高危因素,其影像学表现与其病理生理特征相关.CT与MRI目前已成为MM...     

超声与CT在多发性甲状腺结节诊断中的价值对比

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声与CT在多发性甲状腺结节诊断中的差异.方法:回顾性分析我院2011年3月-2012年6月收治的多发性甲状腺结节患者78例的临床资料,并将所有超声、CT结果与术后病理进行比较分析.结果:应用超声、CT和两种方法联用的准确率分别为83.33％、75.64％、91.03％,灵敏性分别为67.95％、51.28％、83.33％,特异性分别为85.89％、80.77％、92.31％.超声、CT联合诊断在准确性、误诊率、漏诊率、敏感性和特异性均显著好于任意方法单独使用(P＜0.05),超声诊断结果虽略好于CT,但不存在统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:超声和CT作为多发性甲状腺结节的术前辅助诊断手段各具特色,两种方法联合应用,可达到互补,提高诊断准确率和特异性的效果.     

脊柱骨折的CT诊断价值

本文分析８０例同时作ＣＴ和Ｘ线检查的脊柱骨折病例,证实ＣＴ能清楚显示脊柱骨折、１椎管狭窄、脊髓受压或损伤的程度。对脊柱骨折的诊断、分型及指导临床治疗有重要价值。     

肝腺瘤的CT诊断和鉴别诊断

目的：观察肝腺瘤的CT表现,总结其具有诊断意义的影像学特征。方法：分析经病理证实的7例肝腺瘤CT图像．对病灶的平扫及增强扫描进行观察。结果：平扫：7例均为单发肿块,直径3．5—7．5cm,平均5．5cm。3例见稍低密度包膜影．3例见不完整包膜。3例表现稍低密度背景下间杂片状高密度出血灶。增强扫描：动脉期5个病灶中度强化,门脉期持续强化．延迟期呈等或略高密度,可见假包膜。2例呈类似肝癌的速升速降型强化,但其强化程度不如肝癌迅速。平扫时病灶内高密度区域．增强扫描三期均无明显强化。包膜的强化大部呈延时强化的趋势。结论：肝腺瘤在CT扫描中有一定特征。准确把握其影像学表现,可以大大提高诊断的准确率。     

电子束CT心肌灌注色彩编码技术

探讨利用电子束CT（EBT）心肌灌注色彩编码技术分析心肌缺血性改变的影像学意义及临床价值。心肌灌注色彩编码参量图可客观反映心肌的缺血性改变，与核素心肌显像检查有良好的一致相关性，且直观效果强；同时，能为EBT冠脉造影诊断冠脉狭窄提供佐证信息，提高其诊断准确性。     

工业CT技术应用介绍及其在再制造中的展望

主要介绍了工业CT系统的基本组成部件和影响工业CT检测的关键性能指标,及工业CT在物品检测、地质研究、疲劳裂纹检测、快速成型和逆向工程等实际工程方面的应用情况,展望了工业CT在再制造零部件寿命预测、再制造产品的安全验证和再制造产品的推广前景.     

基于ARM的无创心血管功能检测系统

研发了一种智能化的无创心血管参数诊断系统．该系统应用动脉弹性腔模型和血液动力学理论,可以对10个重要的心血管参数进行测量．采用了基于ARM的嵌入式系统技术,克服了目前其他同类仪器体积大、测量参数单一等缺点．详细介绍了系统的硬件构成与软件流程．为了验证系统的性能,该系统在30个人中进行了初步实验．结果证明,该仪器具有良好的准确性和稳定性,与参考仪器测量结果的相关系数可达到0．95,重复性误差最大为2．36％,所获得的参数能较好地评价心血管功能状况,系统可运用于临床诊断和家庭健康监护．     

Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Using Machine Learning Technique—A Modern Approach

Cardio Vascular disease (CVD), involving the heart and blood vessels is one of the most leading causes of death throughout the world. There are several risk factors for causing heart diseases like sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and consumption of alcohol, stress, hereditary factory etc. Predicting cardiovascular disease and improving and treating the risk factors at an early stage are of paramount importance to save the precious life of a human being. At present, the highly stressful life with bad lifestyle activities causes heart disease at a very young age. The main aim of this research is to predict the premature heart disease based on machine learning algorithms. This paper deals with a novel approach using the machine learning algorithm for predicting the cardiovascular disease at the premature stage itself. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for segregating the CVD patients based on their symptoms and medical observation. The experimentation results by using the proposed method will facilitate the medical practitioners to provide suitable treatment for the patients on time. A sophisticated model has been developed with the current approach to examine the various stages of CVD and the performance metrics used have given effective and fruitful results as compared to other machine learning techniques.     

Cardiovascular disease on hemodialysis: Predictors of atherosclerosis and survival

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This could not be explained by the known traditional CVD risk factors. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the factors influencing atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), in HD patients and their impact on cardiovascular mortality. A cohort of 50 patients started on HD was selected for this study. At baseline, IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques were assessed. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, von Willebrand factor, vitamins C, E, B₆, B₁₂, folate, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. Patients were followed up for 2 years to determine the impact of IMT and associated markers on mortality using survival analysis as well as Cox proportional hazard. At baseline, 40% of the patients had IMT>0.8 mm. They were older, had higher CRP (P<0.001), and lower serum albumin (P=0.03). Intima-media thickness >0.8 mm was associated with high calcium (risk ratio [RR]: 6.06; confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–12.25) and CRP (RR: 10.94 [CI: 2.56–46.74]). Fifteen patients (30%) died during the 2-year follow-up; the main cause of death was CVD (42%). The relative risk mortality was high with increased IMT (RR: 120.04 [CI: 4.18–3445.9]), Index of Coexistent Disease for CVD (RR: 4.04 [CI: 1.92–8.5]), and plasma Hcy (RR: 1.08 [CI: 1.02–1.13]). Markers of inflammation and increased serum calcium were significant predictors of increased carotid artery IMT. High IMT, Index of Coexistent Disease, and Hcy were associated with a high RR of all-cause mortality among a cohort of HD patients.     

An Equipment Fault-tolerant Control Expert System and its Application

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Dipyridamole stress echocardiography in diagnosis and prognosis of hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic coronary disease

The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is high in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DSE) in nondiabetic HD patients without signs or symptoms of CAD. In 51 out of 158 evaluated HD patients (21 females, age 67 [33–85] years, HD duration 38 [9–271] months), resting echocardiography and DSE were performed. Exclusion criteria were known CAD, diabetes mellitus, and pulmonary and oncologic pathologies. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors of abnormal DSE response, while Cox regression analysis was performed to determine variables associated with total and cardiovascular mortality, after 43.3 (11–60) months of follow‐up. Seven patients (14%) showed a positive response to DSE (DSE+). In 5/7, CAD was documented by angiography: All of them underwent coronary revascularization. DSE+ patients had significantly smaller body mass index than patients with a negative response (DSE‐): 21.7 ± 1.9 vs. 25.1 ± 3.4 kg/m² (p = 0.018). During follow‐up, 16 (31%) patients died. Older age hazard ratio [HR = 1.07; confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.12; p = 0.02] and higher plasma phosphate levels (HR = 10.41; CI = 2.30–47.17; p < 0.01) were predictors of total mortality. Male gender (HR = 22.7; CI = 1.45–354.4; p = 0.03), older age (HR = 1.24; CI = 1.03–1.50; p = 0.02), longer HD duration (HR = 1.13; CI = 1.01–1.26; p = 0.04), and positive response to DSE (HR = 5.82; CI = 1.04–32.65; p = 0.04) were associated with cardiovascular mortality. Ten percent of asymptomatic HD patients had significant CAD, but timely diagnosis did not seem to improve their prognosis. Total survival was associated with age and higher levels of plasma phosphate, while male gender, older age, longer HD duration, and DSE+ were predictors of cardiovascular mortality.     

Self‐Powered Pulse Sensor for Antidiastole of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally; fortunately, 90% of cardiovascular diseases are preventable by long‐term monitoring of physiological signals. Stable, ultralow power consumption, and high‐sensitivity sensors are significant for miniaturized wearable physiological signal monitoring systems. Here, this study proposes a flexible self‐powered ultrasensitive pulse sensor (SUPS) based on triboelectric active sensor with excellent output performance (1.52 V), high peak signal‐noise ratio (45 dB), long‐term performance (10⁷ cycles), and low cost price. Attributed to the crucial features of acquiring easy‐processed pulse waveform, which is consistent with second derivative of signal from conventional pulse sensor, SUPS can be integrated with a bluetooth chip to provide accurate, wireless, and real‐time monitoring of pulse signals of cardiovascular system on a smart phone/PC. Antidiastole of coronary heart disease, atrial septal defect, and atrial fibrillation are made, and the arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation) is indicative diagnosed from health, by characteristic exponent analysis of pulse signals accessed from volunteer patients. This SUPS is expected to be applied in self‐powered, wearable intelligent mobile diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in the future.     

A Life Evaluation System and its Application to Mining Machinery Equipment

Based on analyzing the mining equipment life evaluation theoretical system,the equipment life evaluation target system of the mining machinery is put forward taking the economic life,security life,reliability life and technical life as the targets.Then,the structure and model of the mining equipment life evaluation system are established and prepared for the realization of the system theoretically.Taking hydraulic support as the research object,the life evaluation system of hydraulic support is established ...     

计算机射线摄影CR与图像存档通讯系统PACS

本文扼要阐述了现代医学影像技术的两种新系统,计算机射线摄影ＣＲ和图像存档通讯系统ＰＡＣＳ的开发、进展,基本原理和在临床实现应用中取得的卓越成果,总结其与传统的屏片组合Ｘ线照像相比的优点,并指出：这两种新技术可还以充分利用医疗单位原有的Ｘ线设备,庆受到广泛重视和采用。