城市社会学主导下的旧城更新之路

指出旧城更新是一项系统工程,涉及政治、经济、人文、历史等各方面,通过洪洞旧城改造项目的实践,提出了文化传承、环境塑造与发展创新等社会学层面的1日城改造策略,从而增强政府公共政策属性的保障机制.     

Must shrinking cities be distressed cities? A historical and conceptual critique

ABSTRACT

Regardless of the fast-growing popularity of shrinking cities in the literature, certain misconceptions persist. Urban shrinkage is often assumed to be near-synonymous with urban distress, and shrinking cities are assumed to be in need of growth. In this paper, we seek to achieve a greater conceptual clarity for both shrinkage and distress, thereby informing present debates on the topic and inviting more nuanced ones in the future. The paper is organized in three main parts. We first use a historical lens to challenge the conflation of shrinkage and distress. Western history is rife with examples of when growth—shrinkage’s opposite—was associated with distress. Second, we comment on some contradictions in the conceptual currents that underlie the idea of shrinking as distress, particularly in the United States. Third, we highlight how shrinkage may benefit cities and the people who live in them.     

小城镇建设规划与城市设计

依据小城镇规划编制特征,从城镇整体物质形象、人文形象、结构关系的建构等方面来探讨小城镇建设规划中的城市设计内容,进一步深化小城镇建设规划内涵,从而使小城镇建设规划更具有科学性和合理性。     

历史文化名城商业开发与保护

阐述了当代国内外历史名城保护的模式和国内研究动态,以陕西韩城市旧城保护概念规划为例,分析了规划中的商业专题及开发思路,以期使历史文化地段内的商业开发更好地延续历史文化信息,体现历史文化名城新的光彩。     

市场经济条件下城乡规划编制与管理的尝试

结合多年规划工作实践,针对市场经济条件下城乡规划编制与管理的适应性调整问题,从宏观到微观进行了尝试性总结,阐述了自己的观点和建议,以启发和指导今后的城乡规划工作。     

The paradox of urban preservation: balancing permanence and changeability in old Muslim cities

Preservation policies, generally based on the intervention of the state, protective regulations, and the freezing of permissible building alterations, often stand in contradiction to the incremental process that generates cities and buildings. Considering the urban dynamics that characterise Muslim cities, including population growth, rural migration, urban poverty, and the informal economy, such preservation policies are becoming increasingly obsolete. This article aims at presenting a compromise approach to urban preservation that is based on a balance between the two opposite, yet complementary terms: permanence and changeability. A classification of urban components into permanent and changeable would enable policymakers to establish action plans for urban preservation according to priorities and the availability of funds, thus helping to ensure urban sustainability.     

The metamorphosis of the urban fabric in Arab-Muslim City: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has experienced rapid growth inurban development since the 1960s. This urbangrowth is not based on the traditional urbanplanning principles which have been followed inSaudi Arabia for many centuries. Instead,various imported urban forms and planningregulations have been implemented in thecountry. These relate neither to thetraditional built environment and culture norto the local climate of the city. As a result,major cultural and climatic problems haveoccurred. The aim of this paper is to identify andanalyze the types of built environment inRiyadh, as an example of Saudi Arabia's cities,and discuss the cultural conflicts resultingfrom the use of imported planning principlesand regulations. In light of this analysis anddiscussion, the planning regulations will bereviewed and recommendations will be made foramendments.     

Planning trajectories in post-socialist cities: patterns of divergence and change

This article explores the new planning regimes and planning processes in post-socialist countries and their ability to influence the spatial transformation of cities. It views planning institutions as culturally embedded in the overall process of economic, social, and political transition, while recognizing the power of specific local imperatives and market pressures to shape their response. The research draws on empirical evidence in four countries and their capital cities to highlight the links between the transition to democracy, markets, and decentralized governance on the spatial transformation in post-socialist cities. The main argument is that the new planning institutions have different ability to direct these processes of change, depending on the legal framework, the availability of plans, and the institutionalization of the plan-implementation process. Despite the diverse mosaic of urban experiences in Prague, Riga, Belgrade, and Tirana, planning institutions are viewed as path dependent, influenced by a common socialist legacy. Further, changes in the exogenous environment – economic, social, and institutional – are perceived to be important sources of convergence, but tend to shape different planning responses and policy choices. The research explores these differences as well as the new patterns of spatial transformation in three principal domains: (1) spaces of production/consumption reflecting the economic transition; (2) differentiation in residential spaces associated with the social transition; and (3) new approaches to planning and service delivery resulting from the transition in governance. Central to the arguments in the article is that transition of this magnitude has created a complex urban world in which the patterns of divergence are going to become more explicit in the future, producing spatial and temporal differentiation among post-socialist cities.     

双城三带探索朔州市建设发展模式

结合目前朔州市发展现状,在明确城市规划原则和规划理念的基础上,从道路交通规划和“双城三带”的发展模式两方面阐述了朔州市的城市建设规划方案,从而开创城市建设新局面,实现可持续发展。     

从普通人视角审视规划设计中的现代化漏洞

从普通人的视角审视城市规划设计中的三个“现代化漏洞”：令人眩晕的“亮化设计”;与城市发展不配套的城市排水系统;盲目创建“地标”,盲目效仿,失去特色等,并提出了弥补这些“漏洞”的建议。     

文化思想在城市规划社会实践调查指导中应用

针对如何在整个城市规划过程中加入文化思想的热门话题,从每年一届的城市规划专业大学生社会实践调查报告评优大赛入手,阐述了在城市规划本科生教学及指导过程中渗透文化产业振兴规划思想的方式及方法,以期指导实践。     

Cultural cities,urban economic growth,and regional development: The role of creativity and cosmopolitan identity

Cultural heritage has been recognized as fundamental for local development. In particular, some recent works have highlighted the role of sophisticated transmission channels of this relationship, that is local creativity and cosmopolitan identity. Following a territorial perspective, the present work aims at combining the two approaches, in the belief that there could be a synergic interplay between creativity and cosmopolitan identity, reinforcing their individual effects. Accordingly, an original conceptual and operational taxonomy characterizing cultural cities is put forward. The contribution of the different identified patterns to urban and regional growth is assessed, as well as their capacity to valorize cultural participation.     

The governance of urban shrinkage in cities of post-socialist Europe: policies,strategies and actors

This paper presents results of an international comparative research project ‘Smart governance of shrinking cities in a European context’. In recent years, many European cities have experienced urban shrinkage (population decline). Whereas there has been a wealth of research into the governance of growing cities, little consideration has been given to the governance of and policy responses to shrinking cities, particularly in relation to the declining cities of post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of this paper is to compare the governance responses to shrinkage in different national contexts and assess the policy responses applied. This is done through the comparison of case studies examining the governance of shrinkage in Leipzig (Germany), Bytom (Poland), Ostrava (Czechia) and Timisoara (Romania). Two different strategies have been identified. First, Leipzig – due to its inclusion in the (former Western) German welfare state – followed a reasonably holistic strategy implemented by strong public actors focused not only on economic growth, but also on tackling issues of falling housing demand and the need to strengthen the attractivity of city centre. Second, in Ostrava, Bytom and Timisoara strategies have been inspired by neoliberal thinking, denying the important role of public sector city planning and ignoring the fact of shrinkage. In these cities, the main reply to shrinkage has been to seek economic development through the attraction of private investment (especially FDI) into the cities and using pragmatically any EU structural funding.     

城市建设强度与热岛的相关性——以重庆市开州区为例

城市建设强度是城市热岛形成与演变的主要驱动因素,为了揭示两者之间的量化关系,以重庆市开州区为例,在用地地块、规则网格和建筑斑块3个空间尺度上,使用ArcGIS提取地表温度(LST)与建设强度指标,利用SPSS分析其相关性并构建多元回归模型。结果表明:用地地块尺度上,LST与绿化率、建筑密度和容积率之间均呈现显著的负相关,与建筑底面积和总建筑面积之间均呈现显著的正相关。规则网格尺度序列上,LST与建设强度各指标之间的相关性系数随网格面积的增大而增大,在840m网格时达到最大值;总体上LST与绿化率之间呈显著的负相关,与建筑密度和容积率之间呈显著的正相关。建筑斑块的尺度上,LST与建筑层数之间有显著的负相关关系,与总建筑面积之间有显著的正相关关系。城市建设强度直接或间接影响了城市热岛的形成与演变,而相关分析发现,建设强度指标并非都与LST之间呈正相关关系,这表明城市热岛除受建设强度的影响外,还受区域气候、城市形态、城市性质、交通方式以及建筑材质与色彩等多种因素的协同影响,是一个非线性的复杂过程。     

Urban aesthetics and national identity: the refashioning of Eastern Mediterranean cities between 1900 and 1940

The ideas of urban aesthetics and the demand for new city forms appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean between 1900 and 1940 as a result of the coalescence of various events: the consolidation of European‐type nation‐states in the Balkans, the emergence of the Republican Turkey, the establishment of the Anglo‐French mandate in the Near East and the British influence in Egypt. The refashioning of traditional cities was undertaken by French, British, Italian and German experts, architects and planners, together with local professionals trained in Western Europe. The important number of projects produced at the time show evidence of the diffusion of urban aesthetics ideas emanating from West European centres and their implementation in the Eastern Mediterranean cities. Although this transfer of town planning concepts from the ‘centre’ to the ‘periphery’ was occasioned by different factors in each city, those projects are to be understood as reflecting wider strategies needed for regenerating socio‐economic and cultural life, and were linked to the broader debate between tradition and modernity, and to the construction of a nationally meaningful urban identity.     

Citizens' expectations of information cities: implications for urban planning and design

The European Union has made the development of a vibrant knowledge-based economy a key policy objective, and increasingly national and local governments worldwide are seeking to harness information and communication technologies to provide government services more effectively and for the benefit of their citizenry. The paper reports on the first phase of the ongoing European Union IntelCities integrated project that seeks to integrate electronic governance of cities and urban planning. The background to the project in terms of the e-Europe Action Plan is explored and the outcome of surveys of user needs and requirements carried out in the cities of Marseilles (France), Siena and Rome (Italy), Helsinki (Finland), Leicester and Manchester (UK), and Dresden and Berlin (Germany) are explained. The outcomes identify a range of implications for digital or electronic planning in terms of increasing the efficiency in e-urban planning and the need to develop digital methodologies for widening public participation. Thus, the importance of e-skills development in new forms of e-planning for planners, developers and citizens is highlighted and shown to be important for achieving a wider e-enabled sustainable knowledge society.     

城乡规划专业设计类课程思政教学初探——以城市详细规划课程为例

以城市详细规划课程为例,探索课程思政视角下城乡规划专业设计类课程教学方法,以期促进学生的思想道德素质与专业知识水平同步提升。从加强教学团队建设、拓展完善教学内容、构建"沉浸式"教学和教学评价体系等方面,对课程进行全方位、全链条教学的深入研究,重识城市空间认知的课程价值体系,以空间正义为切入点,构建"专业课程为主、思政课程为辅"的专业与育人同向同行的课程思政教学路径,切实将专业知识教育和践行社会主义核心价值观相结合,实现以"价值体系"为引领的课程培养高阶目标,达成专业教育与思政教育协同育人的教学目的。     

以文化自觉为导向的城市建设与规划史课程思政教学探索

城市建设与规划史课程教学以文化自觉为导向,通过构建认知-理解-反思-自立的课程思政教学框架,结合古今中外城市建设史、城乡规划思想史两大教学板块,从文化自信、道路自信、工匠精神、家国情怀等方面深挖课程思政元素,搭建了主干-支系的课程思政元素融入路径。运用多元教学方式,引导学生学习和继承中国优秀城市规划传统,理解世界城市发展规律,践行行业职业精神,实现知识传授与育人同向同行的课程思政教学目标,以为城乡规划专业相关理论课程思政教学提供参考。     

The Concept of Planned Development: A Presentation and Commentaries on the Contribution of Nathaniel Lichfield

This article and the commentaries which accompany it centres on a reflection by consultant-academic Nathaniel Lichfield on his work on planned development and the evaluation of the impacts of such development, over a career spanning the past 60 years. His work, in the UK and across the world, had a formative influence on generations of planners brought up on his texts. In this presentation, David Adams sets the context of his contribution. The heart of the article is a reflective synthesis by Lichfield on his own work from his first major contribution in 1956, to its evolution in the 1960s into the technique of the Planning Balance Sheet, and later, Community Impact Evaluation. His starting point is that there can be urban and regional planning which does not lead to physical development on the ground and there can be such development on the ground that has not been influenced by government led urban and regional planning. Neither of these is planned development. This takes place when the two are fused together in practice: the development and the government led planning. It is this simple concept, with particular emphasis on its economics, which was treated at length in the Economics of Planned Development (1956). In order to fully describe the concept, the book's contents are summarized in the first half of this article following an introduction of the background. Following the publication of the book, Lichfield's professional and academic work took him in many directions, much of which fell loosely under the ambit of the economics of planned development. His contributions were not written up as sequels to the book but rather in related books, papers and articles under an array of topics. He terms these 'the children of EPD'. They are described in the second half of the article, grouped in relation, as appropriate, to each of the main themes of the 1956 book and extensions of it. Lichfield's article is followed by three commentaries. The first, by Mike Teitz, positions his work and its later development in the changing context of the times. The second, by Barrie Needham, provides some critical thoughts on how well the concept of 'planned development' travels transnationally into different institutional contexts. The third, from consultant-planner Alan Wenban-Smith, himself working on policy evaluation in the UK, explores the practical and methodological robustness of Lichfield's concepts. Overall, the piece provides an input to reflections on the relation between state and market in the development process and on the evaluative stance the state should take to its interventions.     

对城乡一体化居住社区规划设计的思考

结合城乡一体化居住社区的历史背景,对杭州市一体化社区实验区——萧山明怡花苑的设计特点进行了归纳总结,并阐述了设计者在设计该社区过程中的启示和心得,以期指导实践,提高我国城乡一体化社区规划设计水平。