DoS Attack Detection Based on Deep Factorization Machine in SDN

Software-Defined Network (SDN) decouples the control plane of network devices from the data plane. While alleviating the problems presented in traditional network architectures, it also brings potential security risks, particularly network Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. While many research efforts have been devoted to identifying new features for DoS attack detection, detection methods are less accurate in detecting DoS attacks against client hosts due to the high stealth of such attacks. To solve this problem, a new method of DoS attack detection based on Deep Factorization Machine (DeepFM) is proposed in SDN. Firstly, we select the Growth Rate of Max Matched Packets (GRMMP) in SDN as detection feature. Then, the DeepFM algorithm is used to extract features from flow rules and classify them into dense and discrete features to detect DoS attacks. After training, the model can be used to infer whether SDN is under DoS attacks, and a DeepFM-based detection method for DoS attacks against client host is implemented. Simulation results show that our method can effectively detect DoS attacks in SDN. Compared with the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest models, our proposed method outperforms in accuracy, precision and F1 values.     

分布式高速网络入侵防御系统研究

网络的安全问题日益严重，DoS,DDoS等暴力攻击成为千兆级别高速网络上的主要攻击手段，蠕虫的传播占据了大量的网络带宽．传统的入侵检测系统不能有效地处理大量的网络数据，且无法及时阻断检测到的攻击行为.本文针对以上问题,提出了一种可有效运行在高速网络上的分布式入侵检测与阻断系统．此类系统也称为入侵防御系统IPS（Intrusion Prevention System）．     

Association Rule Mining Frequent-Pattern-Based Intrusion Detection in Network

In the network security system, intrusion detection plays a significant role. The network security system detects the malicious actions in the network and also conforms the availability, integrity and confidentiality of data information resources. Intrusion identification system can easily detect the false positive alerts. If large number of false positive alerts are created then it makes intrusion detection system as difficult to differentiate the false positive alerts from genuine attacks. Many research works have been done. The issues in the existing algorithms are more memory space and need more time to execute the transactions of records. This paper proposes a novel framework of network security Intrusion Detection System (IDS) using Modified Frequent Pattern (MFP-Tree) via K-means algorithm. The accuracy rate of Modified Frequent Pattern Tree (MFPT)-K means method in finding the various attacks are Normal 94.89%, for DoS based attack 98.34%, for User to Root (U2R) attacks got 96.73%, Remote to Local (R2L) got 95.89% and Probe attack got 92.67% and is optimal when it is compared with other existing algorithms of K-Means and APRIORI.     

Dynamic entropy based DoS attack detection method

Denial of Service (DoS) attack poses a severe threat to the Internet. Entropy-based methods have been successfully used to detect specific types of malicious traffic. This paper presents a novel dynamic entropy-based model for the detection of DoS attack. Based on the theory of alive communication, the dynamic entropy model is constructed by combining the information entropy as well as the feature of netflow conversation correlation. This is the first application of the theory of alive communication in the network anomalies detection. To evaluate the performance of the dynamic entropy model, we compare it with the traditional information entropy model. The experiment results demonstrate the presence of traffic’s dynamic entropy and show that the dynamic entropy keeps stable under normal traffic. By contrast, it fluctuates significantly when the network subjects to DoS attacks. Moreover, the detection rate of dynamic entropy-based model is higher and can detect unknown DoS attacks effectively.     

状态协议分析技术在TCP中的应用

入侵检测系统已经日益成为网络安全系统的重要组成部分,成为网络安全必不可少的的一部分。其核心技术就是针对攻击所采用的检测技术。就目前而言网络攻击以拒绝服务攻击居多,而拒绝服务攻击大多数都与TCP相关,因此,应根据TCP的有关特性设计出相应的检测方法。文中介绍了TCP报文的封装情况、TCP报文段格式规定和TCP连接中的“三次握手”协议。然后在此基础上,从状态协议分析的角度出发,对与TCP相关的“TCP SYN洪水”攻击进行描述,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

轻量级无线网络入侵检测系统

针对当前流行的无线拒绝服务DoS、伪装STA、伪装AP、WarDriving、暴力破解等无线网络攻击,采用误用检测和异常检测结合的方式,设计并实现了一个针对无线局域网的轻量级无线网络入侵检测系统。系统采用用户自定义攻击规则库、自定义授权AP/STA名单、自定义非法AP/STA名单等方式,能针对无线网络具体环境和用户的不同需要,合理调整入侵检测灵敏度和攻击检测阈值。仿真试验表明,与市场上同类系统相比较,本系统能有效提高无线网络入侵检测效率,大大降低误报率和漏报率。     

一种针对基于OpenFlow的SDN网络中控制层面的DoS攻击研究

针对OpenFlow协议报文交换机制里所有非数据报文均需要通过PACKET_IN报文上传控制器的弱点,提出一种不停查询未知转发地址从而造成SDN网络控制层面资源耗尽的新型DoS攻击方式,同时基于SDN网络可编程性提出检测攻击与降低网络时延的解决策略。首先通过SDN控制器北向应用接口,使用Defense4ALL应用中自定义功能,针对DoS攻击特性检测网络中恶意流量。然后利用控制器动态配置特性,实时更新交换机配置文件,改变网络转发策略,从而减轻攻击对整个网络造成的影响。实验仿真表明,在大规模高速攻击中,该方法的检测成功率接近100%,在攻击源较少的慢速攻击中检测成功率低于80%,整体网络延迟降低10ms以上。所提出的解决策略可以有效减少针对控制平面的DoS攻击对整个网络的干扰。     

内容中心网络中DoS攻击问题综述

“内容中心网络”（Content Centric Networking,CCN）是未来互联网架构体系群中极具前景的架构之一。尽管CCN网络的全新设计使其能够抵御目前网络存在的大多数形式DoS攻击,但仍引发了新型的DoS攻击,其中危害较大的两类攻击是兴趣包泛洪攻击和缓存污染攻击。这两类DoS攻击利用了CCN网络自身转发机制的安全逻辑漏洞,通过泛洪大量的恶意攻击包,耗尽网络资源,并导致网络瘫痪。与传统IP网络中DoS攻击相比,CCN网络中的内容路由、内嵌缓存和接收者驱动传输等新特征,对其DoS攻击的检测和防御方法都提出了新的挑战。本文首先介绍CCN网络的安全设计和如何对抗已有的DoS攻击,然后从多角度描述、比较CCN中新型DoS攻击的特点,重点阐述了兴趣包泛洪攻击和缓存污染攻击的分类、检测和防御方法,以及它们所面临的问题挑战,最后对全文进行总结。     

基于Markov的无线传感器网络入侵检测机制

本文采用Markov线性预测模型,为无线传感器网络设计了一种基于流量预测的拒绝服务攻击检测方案——MPDD。在该方案中,每个节点基于流量预测判断和检测异常网络流量,无需特殊的硬件支持和节点之间的合作;提出了一种报警评估机制,有效提高方案的检测准确度,减少了预测误差或信道误码所带来的误报。仿真实验结果表明,Markov模型具有较高的预测精度,能够实时地预测传感器网络流量;MPDD方案能够快速、有效地检测拒绝服务攻击且消耗资源较少。     

An approach for detecting and preventing DDoS attacks in campus

Nowadays, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks have become a major security threat to networks and the Internet. Therefore, even a naive hacker can launch a large-scale DoS attack to the victim from providing Internet services. This article deals with the evaluation of the Snort IDS in terms of packet processing performance and detection. This work describes the aspect involved in building campus network security system and then evaluates the campus network security risks and threats, mainly analyses the attacks DoS and DDoS, and puts forward new approach for Snort campus network security solutions. The objective is to analyze the functional advantages of the solution, deployment and configuration of the open source based on Snort intrusion detection system. The evaluation metrics are defined using Snort namely comparison between basic rules with new ones, available bandwidth, CPU loading and memory usage.     

Ant-based IP traceback

The denial-of-service (DoS) attacks with the source IP address spoofing techniques has become a major threat to the Internet. An intrusion detection system is often used to detect DoS attacks and to coordinate with the firewall to block them. However, DoS attack packets consume and may exhaust all the resources, causing degrading network performance or, even worse, network breakdown. A proactive approach to DoS attacks is allocating the original attack host(s) issuing the attacks and stopping the malicious traffic, instead of wasting resources on the attack traffic.

In this paper, an ant-based traceback approach is proposed to identify the DoS attack origin. Instead of creating a new type or function or processing a high volume of fine-grained data used by previous research, the proposed traceback approach uses flow level information to identify the origin of a DoS attack.

Two characteristics of ant algorithm, quick convergence and heuristic, are adopted in the proposed approach on finding the DoS attack path. Quick convergence efficiently finds out the origin of a DoS attack; heuristic gives the solution even though partial flow information is provided by the network.

The proposed method is evaluated through simulation on various network environments and two simulated real networks, NSFNET and DFN. The simulation results show that the proposed method can successfully and efficiently find the DoS attack path in various simulated network environments, with full and partial flow information provided by the networks.     

Detecting stealth DHCP starvation attack using machine learning approach

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to automatically configure clients with IP address and other network configuration parameters. Due to absence of any in-built authentication, the protocol is vulnerable to a class of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, popularly known as DHCP starvation attacks. However, known DHCP starvation attacks are either ineffective in wireless networks or not stealthy in some of the network topologies. In this paper, we first propose a stealth DHCP starvation attack which is effective in both wired and wireless networks and can not be detected by known detection mechanisms. We test the effectiveness of proposed attack in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks and show that it can successfully prevent other clients from obtaining IP address, thereby, causing DoS scenario. In order to detect the proposed attack, we also propose a Machine Learning (ML) based anomaly detection framework. In particular, we use some popular one-class classifiers for the detection purpose. We capture IPv4 and IPv6 traffic from a real network with thousands of devices and evaluate the detection capability of different machine learning algorithms. Our experiments show that the machine learning algorithms can detect the attack with high accuracy in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.     

基于主成分分析的拒绝服务和网络探测攻击检测

针对拒绝服务和网络探测攻击难以检测的问题,提出了一种新的基于主成分分析的拒绝服务和网络探测攻击检测方法。首先在攻击流量和正常流量数据集上应用主成分分析,得到所有流量数据集的各种不同统计量;然后依据这些统计量构造攻击检测模型。实验表明：该模型检测拒绝服务和网络探测攻击的检测率达到99%;同时能够让受攻击对象在有限的时间内做出反应,减少攻击对服务器的危害程度。     

基于流量行为特征的DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别

针对现有方法仅分析粗粒度的网络流量特征参数,无法在保证检测实时性的前提下识别出拒绝服务(DoS)和分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)的攻击流这一问题,提出一种骨干网络DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别方法。首先,通过粗粒度的流量行为特征参数确定流量异常行为发生的时间点;然后,在每个流量异常行为发生的时间点对细粒度的流量行为特征参数进行分析,以找出异常行为对应的目的IP地址;最后,提取出与异常行为相关的流量进行综合分析,以判断异常行为是否为DoS攻击或者DDoS攻击。仿真实验的结果表明,基于流量行为特征的DoS&DDoS攻击检测与异常流识别方法能有效检测出骨干网络中的DoS攻击和DDoS攻击,并且在保证检测实时性的同时,准确地识别出与攻击相关的网络流量     

一种基于数据挖掘技术的入侵检测模型研究

入侵检测系统是一种检测网络入侵行为并能够主动保护自己免受攻击的一种网络安全技术,是网络防火墙的合理补充。文中分析了入侵检测系统的通用模型,介绍了入侵检测系统的分类,给出了传统的网络检测技术,在此基础上,详细讨论了数据挖掘技术及其在入侵检测系统中的应用,提出了一个基于数据挖掘技术的入侵检测模型,该模型采用了数据挖掘中的分类算法和关联规则。经过实际测试,该模型能够使网络入侵检测更加自动化,提高检测效率和准确度。     

网络入侵检测技术综述

随着互联网时代的发展,内部威胁、零日漏洞和DoS攻击等攻击行为日益增加,网络安全变得越来越重要,入侵检测已成为网络攻击检测的一种重要手段。随着机器学习算法的发展,研究人员提出了大量的入侵检测技术。本文对这些研究进行了综述。首先,简要介绍了当前的网络安全形势,并给出了入侵检测技术及系统在各个领域的应用。然后,从数据来源、检测技术和检测性能三个方面对入侵检测相关技术和系统进行已有研究工作的总结与评价,其中,检测技术重点论述了传统机器学习、深度学习、强化学习、可视化分析技术等方法。最后,讨论了当前研究中出现的问题并展望该技术的未来发展方向和前景。本文希望能为该领域的研究人员提供一些有益的思考。     

Building an Identity Management Infrastructure for Today…and Tomorrow

ABSTRACT

The basis of denial of service (DoS)/distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks lies in overwhelming a victim's computer resources by flooding them with enormous traffic. This is done by compromising multiple systems that send a high volume of traffic. The traffic is often formulated in such a way that it consumes finite resources at abnormal rates either at victim or network level. In addition, spoofing of source addresses makes it difficult to combat such attacks. This paper adopts a twofold collaborative mechanism, wherein the intermediate routers are engaged in markings and the victim uses these markings for detecting and filtering the flooding attacks. The markings are used to distinguish the legitimate network traffic from the attack so as to enable the routers near the victim to filter the attack packets. The marked packets are also helpful to backtrack the true origin of the spoofed traffic, thus dropping them at the source rather than allowing them to traverse the network. To further aid in the detection of spoofed traffic, Time to Live (TTL) in the IP header is used. The mappings between the IP addresses and the markings along with the TTLs are used to find the spurious traffic. We provide numerical and simulated experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed system in distinguishing the legitimate traffic from the spoofed. We also give a statistical report showing the performance of our system.     

基于机器学习分类器的DNS拒绝服务攻击的检测系统

阐述了拒绝服务（DoS）对DNS可能构成的威胁,提出了一种能对不同类型DNS的DoS攻击进行检测和分类的入侵检测系统（IDS）。该系统由统计预处理器和机器学习（ML）引擎组成。利用模拟网络对三种神经网络分类器和支持向量机进行了评估。结果表明,BP神经网络引擎以99%的准确率优于其他类型的分类器。     

基于粗糙集的网络入侵检测模型研究

本文提出了一种基于粗糙集(Rough Set)理论的网络入侵检测模型,通过运用粗糙集理论结合遗传算法对网络连接数据提取检测规则集。仿真结果表明,该方法对各类已知和未知攻击尤其是DoS和Probe攻击具有较高的检测率和较低的误报率,因此本文提出的基于粗糙集理论的入侵检测模型在应用于复杂网络数据分析和网络攻击检测方面是高效的。     

针对工业信息物理系统中的拒绝服务攻击建立检测模型

无线通信网络的脆弱性使工业信息物理系统(ICPS)的稳定性容易遭受拒绝服务(DoS)攻击的影响.为检测ICPS中的DoS攻击,本文基于反馈控制理论,采用卡尔曼滤波器和χ2检测器结合的检测方案建立攻击检测模型.卡尔曼滤波器用于去除环境噪声,并得到测量残差;χ2检测器通过测量残差得到检测值,再结合攻击检测判决规则,判断系统是否受到DoS攻击.为证明所采用方法的有效性,以球杆系统为被控对象,通过Simulink/TrueTime进行仿真,并使用欧几里得检测器作对比实验.实验结果表明,基于反馈控制理论的攻击检测模型可以有效地检测ICPS中的DoS攻击;相较于欧几里得检测器,χ2检测器能够更好地检测DoS攻击.