中国生物质原料资源

对我国的有机废弃物(包括作物秸秆、林业剩余物、畜禽粪便、林业采伐及加工剩余物、育林剩余物、工业有机废弃物和城市有机垃圾)及可用于生物质原料植物生产的边际性土地(包括宜垦和宜林的荒地、现有的能源林地与农地)的相关资料进行了系统收集、整理与分析,分别提出了它们的资源量及可经济收集量。按2007年生物质产出现状与潜力,中国生物质资源的年产能为9.32亿tce,其中有机废弃物和边际性土地分别占41.1%和58.9%;预测2030年生物质原料资源的年产能为11.71亿tce,其中有机废弃物与边际性土地分别占48.3%和51.7%。     

Energy-efficient milling method for woody biomass

Size reduction is essential to utilize biomass in many applications. Production of fine particles from biomass chips is usually performed using milling machines that consume large amount of energy. Steam explosion (SE) is a promising method for reducing the size of biomass using less energy consumption because it utilizes thermal energy. In this study, we focused on the possibility of the SE method to produce fine particles with a size below 1 mm from wood chips. Sakura (Prunus spp., hardwood) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, softwood) chips with a size of 5–10 mm were used in this study. The effects of SE conditions – such as temperature and residence time – and of the biomass type on the biomass size reduction were investigated in detail. The energy consumption of SE was also calculated and compared with that of the conventional mill. We found that SE is an energy-efficient method for biomass milling.     

生物质热解气化技术

生物质热解气化是农林废弃物向清洁燃气转化的关键技术,产生的合成气可替代天然气等化石燃料,实现燃气、热能和电能的供给.目前我国生物质热解气化技术经过20余年的发展,完成了民用分布式生物质燃气供应系统的示范和布局,并初步具备了规模化燃气制备和发电的产业技术基础."十二五"期间,具有显著提高燃气质量的富氧气化、蒸汽气化、甲烷化制备Bio-SNG等技术成为重要的研究方向,装备设计制造的大型化、规范化和标准化成为产业发展的必然.     

中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

生物质固体成型燃料技术具有易运输和储存、燃烧效率高等特点,是生物质开发利用主要方向之一.国外生物质能固体成型燃料技术及设备已经趋于成熟,形成了整个产业链的成熟技术体系和产业模式.我国已形成了良好的政策法规环境,生物质固体成型燃料产业化关键技术已趋于成熟.但还存在一定的问题,需要加强技术研发.     

生物质气化技术的研究进展

生物质能是一种理想的可再生能源,由于其储量大、低污染、热值高等优点,现已被广泛开发利用.论述了生物质气化技术的基本原理,反应过程及影响气化特性的因素,如温度、气化介质、催化剂.并对当前国内外生物质气化技术应用现状进行概括,最后就生物质气化技术存在的问题提出几点建议.     

中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

生物质固体成型燃料技术具有易运输和储存、燃烧效率高等特点,是生物质开发利用主要方向之一。国外生物质能固体成型燃料技术及设备已经趋于成熟,形成了整个产业链的成熟技术体系和产业模式。我国已形成了良好的政策法规环境,生物质固体成型燃料产业化关键技术已趋于成熟。但还存在一定的问题,需要加强技术研发。     

农业生物质能资源分析与评价

综合分析和评价中国农业生物质能资源总量、用途及分布,结果表明中国具有丰富的农业生物质能资源,主要包括农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便等,发展潜力巨大,是今后发展的重点。如果利用后备土地资源,采取替代种植和提高单产等措施,燃料乙醇的发展潜力为2 000万tce。这为我国制定生物质能政策、规划提供一定的参考。     

Retrofitting strategy for biomass co-fired power plant

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The use of large-scale coal-fired units and biomass coupled power generation has significant advantages in achieving climate goals. Based on this, this...     

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass into acetic acid

Hydrothermal process is one of the most promising processes for the conversion of biomass waste into resources among the several biomass conversion processes, because water of high temperature and high pressure has remarkable properties as a reaction medium. This paper described advances in our research involving overall reaction pathways for acetic acid production from biomass, mainly including (1) acetic acid production by controlling pathways of hydrothermal reaction, (2) acid-base behavior of water in the subcritical region and (3) effect of lignin on the acetic acid production in WO of lignocellulosic biomass.     

Characteristics of arsenic adsorption to sorghum biomass

The development of efficient and economic new adsorbent materials for the removal of arsenic from groundwater is a priority in regions where human health is directly affected by elevated arsenic concentrations. Adsorption of arsenic on sorghum biomass (SB) was investigated for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions. Potentiometric titrations and FTIR analysis evidenced two potential binding sites associated with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the equilibrium time for arsenic adsorption to SB. The effect of pH on arsenic adsorption to SB was investigated for a pH range of 2.0-10.0. A strong influence of pH was demonstrated with a maximum removal of arsenic at pH 5.0. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to equilibrium data. The Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium data and provided evidence for site heterogeneity at the binding surface. Column experiments were performed to obtain the breakthrough curves for both non-immobilized sorghum biomass and immobilized sorghum biomass.     

Iogen's process for producing ethanol from cellulosic biomass

The production of fuel alcohol from cellulosic biomass is of growing interest around the world. Cellulosic biomass can be used to produce transportation fuel, with the overall process having little net production of greenhouse gases. Biomass is available as a byproduct of many industrial processes and agricultural materials, or can be potentially produced from dedicated energy crops. The technology for biomass conversion has many significant technical and economic hurdles that have prevented commercialization to this point. However, significant progress in recent research has motivated Iogen Corporation to build a 40 t/day plant in Ottawa, Canada to demonstrate the technology. Electronic Publication     

基于生物质衍生炭在超级电容器中的研究进展

多孔炭由于其较大的比表面积、高耐久性和独特的内部结构而被广泛应用于储能领域的电极材料,但是发展新的储能系统需要可再生、低成本和对环境友好的电极材料。而生物质作为地球上最广泛的可再生资源之一,有着巨大的开发利用价值。目前在储能领域,生物质炭基超级电容器因其优异的性能而备受研究者的青睐。本文按照炭前驱体的来源对生物质衍生炭进行了分类,重点介绍了生物质衍生炭作为超级电容器电极材料方面的最新研究成果,最后讨论了生物质衍生炭材料在建设高效能源存储系统方面所面临的挑战。     

Silica nanoparticles and frameworks from rice husk biomass

Biogenic silica nanoparticles (25-30 nm in diameter) were synthesized from rice husks. The characterizations revealed that the silica nanoparticles were composed of smaller primary particles (ca. 4.2 nm in diameter), and their clustering led to a porous structure with a surface area of 164 m(2)/g. Under the controlled melting catalyzed by K(+), such silica nanoparticle clusters can gradually fuse to form semicrystalline porous silica frameworks with tunable pore size and structural integrity.     

生物质固化成型技术研究进展与展望

生物质固化成型技术是规模化利用生物质能源的一种有效途径,综述了生物质固化成型技术在国内外的研究现状,提出了目前生物质固化成型技术存在的主要问题,并围绕山东大学在生物质固化成型技术研究与设备开发方面所取得的研究进展,分析了生物质固化成型技术机理和主要装备系统,提出了生物质固化成型技术的发展方向。     

The pyrolysis of biomass: A general review

Some of the technical issues involved in the design and operation of low temperature biomass pyrolysis units are reviewed and discussed critically. It is shown that a range of technical options for charcoal production linked with the production of fuel gas and liquid streams exists, but much of the currently available technology is thermodynamically inefficient. Some of the possible technologies for low-cost production units are described. The development of rigorous design procedures is discussed, together with some implications for related processes such as gasification.     

Carbon and nitrogen trade-offs in biomass energy production

This contribution provides an overview of carbon (CFs) and nitrogen footprints (NFs) concerning their measures and impacts on the ecosystem and human health. The adversarial relationship between them is illustrated by the three biomass energy production applications, which substitute fossil energy production applications: (i) domestic wood combustion where different fossil energy sources (natural gas, coal, and fuel oil) are supplemented, (ii) bioethanol production from corn grain via the dry-grind process, where petrol is supplemented, and (iii) rape methyl ester production from rape seed oil via catalytic trans-esterification, where diesel is supplemented. The life cycle assessment is applied to assess the CFs and NFs resulting from different energy production applications from ‘cradle-to-grave’ span. The results highlighted that all biomass-derived energy generations have lower CFs and higher NFs whilst, on the other hand, fossil energies have higher CFs and lower NFs.     

Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of biomass ash binder

While the incineration of biomass residues is gaining traction as a globally available source of renewable energy, the resulting ash is often landfilled, resulting in the disposal of what could otherwise be used in value-added products. This research focuses on the beneficial use of predominantly rice husk and sugarcane bagasse-based mixed biomass ashes, obtained from two paper mills in northern India. A cementitious binder was formulated from biomass ash, clay, and hydrated lime (70:20:10 by mass, respectively) using 2M NaOH solution at a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 0.40. Compressive strength of the biomass ash binder increased linearly with compaction pressure, indicating the role of packing density. Between the two mixed biomass ashes used in this study, the one with higher amorphous content resulted in a binder with higher strength and denser reaction product. Multi-faceted characterization of the biomass ash binder indicated the presence of aluminum-substituted calcium silicate hydrate, mainly derived from the pozzolanic reaction.     

生物质基聚氨酯泡沫的制备及吸油性能

将稻壳、液化剂和催化剂制备生物质液化多元醇,并以此生物质液化多元醇、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、有机硅匀泡剂、去离子水和多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯(PAPI)等为原料成功制备了生物质基聚氨酯泡沫(BPUF).研究了PAPI用量对BPUF的密度、拉伸强度、吸油性能的影响.结果表明:随着PAPI用量的提高,BPUF的密度减小,拉伸强度提高,BPUF的吸油倍率增加,对于3种不同的油品:苯、甲苯和柴油,柴油最大吸油量最低,苯最大吸油量最高,达到18g/g.