CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度测定

采用超临界CO_2、H_2O和表面活性剂聚乙二醇三甲基壬基醚(TMN-6)构建了水包CO_2的乳液体系,探索了CO_2/水乳液体系的形成条件,利用高压落球黏度计测试了CO_2/水乳液体系的黏度,考察了TMN-6质量浓度、体系温度、CO_2压力及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)对乳液体系黏度的影响。实验结果表明,在25~40℃,10~25 MPa,m_(CO_2)∶m_(H_2O)=(2∶8)~(5∶5),TMN-6质量浓度在0.2%~1.5%条件下,可形成稳定的CO_2/水乳液体系;乳液体系的黏度随TMN-6质量浓度的增加、CO_2压力的升高、温度的降低及m_(H_2O)∶m_(CO_2)的增加有不同程度的增大,且随着TMN-6质量浓度的增加,CO_2/水乳液体系黏度与温度和压力的相关性也逐渐增加。     

石油乳状液的黏度模型

在大量文献调研的基础上,总结了化学复合驱数值模拟中应用的石油乳状液黏度模型,包括黏度-含水率模型、黏度-剪切速率模型以及黏度-含水率-剪切速率模型。研究表明:化学驱中生成的乳状液的黏度受到多种因素影响,其中最为重要的是体系的含水率(或含油率)、剪切速率和温度;对于不同的含水条件,乳状液的黏度表达式不同;随着含水率的增加,将出现黏度突变的临界含水率,此临界点对应水包油型与油包水型乳状液之间的转变。建立了化学驱数值模拟软件中对应不同含水阶段的乳状液黏度模型。图4参13     

石油乳状液的黏度模型

在大量文献调研的基础上,总结了化学复合驱数值模拟中应用的石油乳状液黏度模型,包括黏度-含水率模型、黏度-剪切速率模型以及黏度-含水率-剪切速率模型.研究表明化学驱中生成的乳状液的黏度受到多种因素影响,其中最为重要的是体系的含水率(或含油率)、剪切速率和温度;对于不同的含水条件,乳状液的黏度表达式不同;随着含水率的增加,将出现黏度突变的临界含水率,此临界点对应水包油型与油包水型乳状液之间的转变.建立了化学驱数值模拟软件中对应不同含水阶段的乳状液黏度模型.图4参13     

Stripping of hydrogen sulfide from visbreaking resid

Technical and production solutions ensuring a commercial boiler fuel with a hydrogen sulfide content of no more than 2 ppm are developed as a result of the basic design of a unit for stripping hydrogen sulfide from visbreaking resid. The potential exists for a further increase in the output of the visbreaking plant to 2 million tons/year, where the actual output achieved is 1.4 million tons/year.     

Modifying asphalt emulsion with different types of polymers for surface treatment applications

Asphalt emulsion produced from local asphalt 60/70 (Suez Co.) was modified with different types of polymers such as epoxy resin, latex styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), poly vinyl acetate (PVA), and with a mixture of two or more types of above mentioned polymers to produce a modified asphalt emulsion with high performance. This paper describes the method and technique for preparing asphalt emulsion as well as the tests, and evaluates several aspects concerning the prepared emulsion such as performance of evaporation residues, fuel and acid resistance, rheological properties, and durability. The results obtained revealed that all the modified asphalt emulsions gave better performance as compared with unmodified emulsion. Asphalt emulsion modified with a mixture of epoxy resin, latex SBR, and PVA showed the best road performance in terms of fuel and acid resistance. It was observed that the weight loss for unmodified binder, residue after evaporation of water, after immersion in kerosene for 120 min is 90% of its initial weight, while the binder improved with a mixture of SBS latex, epoxy resin, and PVA showed a weight loss of ?16% and 9% of its initial weight. Also, the admixture gives high acid resistance (weight loss ～ 9%) after immersing in 5% HCl. The dynamic viscosity test showed that asphalt emulsion modified with a mixture of SBS latex, epoxy resin, and PVA has the highest viscosity value which is a promising indication about the validity of its use for pavement in different applications.     

High-vacuum “dry” distillation of atmospheric resid

The reduction in petroleum feedstock resources has exacerbated the problem of exhaustive refining of atmospheric resid and has shrunken the boiler fuel market [1]. The degree of refining crude oil as a whole is also a function of the degree of proficiency of refining atmospheric resid, producing fuel or lube distillates. The maximum yields of these products are determined on one hand by the possibilities of their subsequent processing and on the other by the equipment and technical implementation of the subsystem for vacuum distillation of atmospheric resid (pressure losses, efficiency of one theoretical plate of the contact system, economy and ecology of the vacuum system — (VS), which ensues low residual pressure in the tower). Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 8 – 10, November – December, 1999.     

低密度水包原油钻井液的应用

介绍了一种新型高油水比(7:3)水包原油钻井液体系。对乳化剂及钻井液配方进行了优选,对水包原油钻井液的稳定性、抗温性、抗污染性进行了评价。结果表明,该钻井液具有密度低、滤失量低、润滑性好、抗温达120℃、流变性易调整等特性。在任平2井现场应用效果良好。