星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程规模论证

星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程的工程任务是保护抚仙湖，有条件地逐步改善星云湖水质，合理配置和补充玉溪市红塔区水资源。工程设计首先确定了出流改道引水道规模，同时对星云湖和抚仙湖做两湖联合调节计算，再根据玉溪市区需水要求和东风水库的调节能力论证人工湿地规模。     

星云湖、抚仙湖两湖兴利调节计算分析

星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程是保护抚仙湖、改善星云湖水质，同时为玉溪市红塔区可持续发展提供更多的水资源条件，要确定工程的规模和效益，必须要进行两湖兴利调节。本文在充分考虑出流改道工程任务的基础上，对星云湖和抚仙湖做两湖联合调节计算，并进行分析其合理性。     

生态水利、环境水利、城市水利完美结合的典范——云南省玉溪市星云湖抚仙湖出流改道工程

玉溪市星云湖抚仙湖出流改道工程(以下简称出流改道工程)建成以来,较好地保护了抚仙湖生态环境,又改善了星云湖水质,同时为玉溪市生态城市建设奠定了坚实的水资源基础。该工程跟玉溪市生态建设、环境保护、城市建设规划等方面有机结合,综合效益显著。     

冻结法在星云湖抚仙湖出流改道工程隧洞施工中的应用

云南省玉溪市星云湖抚仙湖出流改道工程隧洞掘进到九溪洞段时，出现大量涌水涌砂和坍塌现象，造成地面塌陷，工程进展受阻。为确保工程安全，顺利施工，在隧洞掘进中首次采用了冻结法，有效地解决了隧洞穿越流砂不良地质洞段的施工问题。对冻结法在星云湖抚仙湖出流改道工程隧洞施工中的应用情况及取得的实际效果进行了介绍。     

顶管施工技术在星云湖出流改道工程中的应用

本文介绍了在云南省玉溪市星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程中第四系湖积层和上第三系（N）半成岩地层中采用的顶管施工技术，对顶管施工中几个关键技术问题作个详细论述。     

冷冻法在出流改道工程应用过程中的突破与创新

冷冻法在云南省玉溪市星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程隧洞施工中的应用,破解了涌水涌沙、突泥、围岩挤胀变形的特大技术难题,在解决特殊工程地质、水文地质条件下隧洞施工技术方面取得重大突破。在应用过程中结合实际,解决了7个方面的技术难点,实现了7个方面的技术创新。     

混凝土预制承插管在玉溪市星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程中的应用

本文介绍了混凝土预制承插管的施工技术,对预制管的检查、修补、安装、浮管的预防做了较详细论述.玉溪市星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程引水三标混凝土预制管安装于2005年3月12日开工,2006年1月6日完工.埋管段工程从2007年12月运行至2011年12月10日,工程运行顺利.     

抚仙湖水温特征及趋势分析

抚仙湖是云南省九大高原淡水湖泊之一,随着玉溪市抚仙湖至星云湖出流改道工程的全线贯通,目前抚仙湖各项水文特征状况越来越受到社会的关注。针对抚仙湖水温,用数理统计方法分析得到:抚仙湖水温年内变化较大,年内温差在8.9~12℃之间,6-9月水温较高,各年平均水温值围绕着多年平均值上下波动;自20世纪90年代以来,抚仙湖水温普遍升高,1994年以后系列平均比之前系列增高0.7℃。采用坎德尔(Kendall)秩相关检验对抚仙湖水温41年(1967-2007年)时间序列进行趋势检验,检验结果表明,抚仙湖年均水温不仅存在着递增趋势,且递增趋势明显。抚仙湖水温变暖应引起地方有关部门的重视。     

冷冻法在星云湖出流改道隧洞工程中的应用

云南星云湖出流改道隧洞工程的桩号11＋000～11＋120段为粉砂质黏土夹粉细砂地层。此处施工，多次涌水涌砂，不能成洞。后采用冷冻法固结土体，隧洞因此得以顺利贯通。冷冻法固结土体虽然昂贵，但有效、可靠，局部使用的话还是可以承受的。     

浅谈“星云湖、抚仙湖出流改道工程”中两湖入湖设计洪水的推求

玉溪市星云湖、抚仙湖现仅有海口水文站,而抚仙湖湖面积较大,仅1个测站,很难准确反映出两湖在短历时内的湖水位变化,难以准确推求短历时的湖泊蓄水变量,因此还原出的两湖逐日入湖洪量精度较差。对于无资料或者资料精度较差的湖泊来说,介绍一种可行的设计洪水推求方法。     

扩大东平湖水库老湖调蓄能力的途径

东平湖水库为黄河下游重要的防洪水库,分新、老湖两部分。由于受黄河水顶托和出湖河道淤积的影响,老湖向黄河退水日益困难。本文对出湖河道按5种不同过流能力的断面分别对老湖进行调洪演算,得出扩大老湖调蓄能力的合理途径是:出湖河道须按过流能力1500m~3/s断面开挖;二级湖堤防洪水位应提高到46m。     

太湖梅梁湾、贡湖套网格风生流数值模拟

对太湖梅梁湖、贡湖湖流进行套网格数值模拟。根据1998年8月太湖富营养化水质监测水文物理资料,绘制出梅梁湖、贡湖各站点位置分布图和其流速大小和方向。模拟计算与实测结果吻合较好,证明其套网格数值模型的建立是合理和有效的。分析结果表明,太湖各水域流速相差很大,近岸区域流速高于远岸区域,存在明显的近岸流。但流速值不大,即梅梁湖、贡湖和大太湖的水体交换量不大,通过流场分布可初步判断污染物质在水体中的扩散与迁移情况。     

Economic benefits of remediating the White Lake and Muskegon Lake Areas of Concern

This study uses hedonic modeling to estimate the property value benefits of remediation in the White Lake and Muskegon Lake, MI Areas of Concern (AOC). Both sites had long histories of industrial contamination; in the case of White Lake, this included tannery waste, and in the case of Muskegon Lake, this included oil spills. Several remediation projects in White Lake led to its delisting as an AOC in 2014. In contrast, remediation in Muskegon Lake is ongoing and this study focuses on the benefits of several projects that removed contaminated sediment and debris by 2018. Spatial Difference-in-Difference (DiD) approaches are used after Euclidean distance-based matching to estimate benefits, comparing housing price differences pre- and post-remediation between homes near the AOC (the treated group) and homes further away (the control group). Results reveal that without remediation homes near the White Lake AOC lose 12.4 percent of their value, with remediation mitigating losses to 4.5 percent. This implies a 64 percent recovery of housing values which amounts to $5.3 million in total benefits. Similarly, homes near the Muskegon Lake AOC lose 10.3 percent of their value with remediation reducing losses to 3.3 percent. This implies a 68 percent recovery of housing values and $11.2 million in total benefits. These findings reveal the property value benefits that can result from remediated AOCs.     

Microplastic pollutants in the coastal dunes of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario

Microplastic particles, often studied as aquatic pollutants, have been recovered from coastal dunes along the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie in New York and Pennsylvania. Surface and shallow sub-surface sand samples were collected from coastal dunes in 1 m² areas from 5 locations along Lake Erie: Sunset Bay, Dunkirk Harbor, Point Gratiot, and Canadaway Creek in New York and Presque Isle State Park Beach #11 in Pennsylvania. Samples were also collected from coastal dunes on Lake Ontario at Sandy Island Beach State Park, NY. Abundances, shapes, sizes, textures, and degradation of microplastics were characterized. Twenty-one of 26 samples yielded a variety of microplastics: pellets, fragments, and fibers. Larger microplastics (5.0–1.0 mm) were dominated by spheroidal and disk-shaped pellets with fewer fragments. Smaller microplastics (≤1.0 mm) were predominantly fibers and small fragments. Some microplastic particles exhibited evidence of degradation and weathering as a consequence of transport and exposure to the elements. The presence of microplastics in coastal dunes is attributable to aeolian transport from the adjacent beach.     

Feeding Ecology of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron

We determined diet composition, feeding strategy, prey size, and effects of prey type on food weight and energy in stomachs for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002–04. Age-0 lake whitefish (73–149 mm TL) ate mainly large-bodied cladoceran zooplankton in the summer (July–mid September). Medium lake whitefish (≤ 350 mm TL excluding age-0) generally ate softbodied macroinvertebrates, especially Chironomidae larvae and pupae, in the spring (mid May-June). Zooplankton, if eaten, were generally most important in the summer. Molluscs were generally a minor part of medium lake whitefish diets. Large lake whitefish (> 350 mm) mainly ate molluscs, particularly quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), despite geographic differences in mussel abundance. Large-bodied crustaceans (Diporeia spp., Mysis relicta, Isopoda) were a minor part of large lake whitefish diets. Lake whitefish demonstrated a flexible feeding strategy, with individual specialization on some prey and generalized feeding on others. The size of benthic prey (Diporeia spp., Chironomidae, and Dreissena spp.) eaten increased with fish size and influenced the energetic value of prey for medium and large lake whitefish. The type of prey eaten affected the food and energy intake differently for each size class of lake whitefish. Age-0 lake whitefish that ate mainly zooplankton had more food and energy in stomachs than fish eating shelled prey or other macroinvertebrates. On the other hand, food weight in stomachs did not differ across prey groups for medium fish, but energy in stomachs was lowest for fish that ate shelled prey. For large lake whitefish, there was no difference in food weight or energy in stomachs for different prey groups.     

从五里湖谈太湖水污染防治

五里湖是太湖北部的一个湖湾,20世纪90年代以来,由于大量生活、工业污水入湖,湖水被严重污染.近年来,无锡市为治理五里湖水污染投入了大量的人力、物力,采取生态清淤、生态修复等综合措施治污,取得了明显的效果.五里湖的污染实践对太湖水污染治理有一定借鉴意义.结合五里湖治污实践,对太湖治理提出了一些建议.     

洪泽湖混合流数值模拟

本文通过构造一个二维开边界数值模式，对不同风情及出入湖流量组合情况下的洪泽湖混合流流态进行模拟研究，探讨其混合流特征。     

Maturity Schedules of Lake Trout in Lake Michigan

We determined maturity schedules of male and female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan from nearshore populations and from an offshore population on Sheboygan Reef, which is located in midlake. Gill nets and bottom trawls were used to catch lake trout in fall 1994 and 1995 from two nearshore sites and Sheboygan Reef. Each lake trout was judged immature or mature, based on visual examination of gonads. Probit analysis, coupled with relative potency testing, revealed that age-at-maturity and length-at-maturity were similar at the two nearshore sites, but that lake trout from the nearshore sites matured at a significantly earlier age than lake trout from Sheboygan Reef. However, length at maturity for the nearshore populations was nearly identical to that for the offshore population, suggesting that rate of lake trout maturation in Lake Michigan was governed by growth rather than age. Half of the lake trout males reached maturity at a total length of 580 mm, whereas half of the females were mature at a length of about 640 mm. Over half of nearshore males were mature by age 5, and over half the nearshore females matured by age 6. Due to a slower growth rate, maturity was delayed by 2 years on Sheboygan Reef compared with the nearshore populations. Documentation of this delay in maturation may be useful in deciding stocking allocations for lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Michigan.     

洞庭湖治理回顾

通过新中国成立以来湖南省水利部门对洞庭湖防洪除涝治理的回顾,总结了洞庭湖区在筑堤防洪、蓄洪安全、洪道整治、长江护岸、傍山撇洪、机电排灌、城市防洪、通讯预警等方面的建设情况。经过几十年的治理,湖区的经济社会已发生了翻天覆地的变化,解放前,湖区仅有几家小型企业和一些手工作坊,今日湖区已建成现代化的石油、化工、电力、纺织、造纸、卷烟生产基地,纺织、食品、造纸工业的产值分别占全省的45%、50%和55%,湖区工农业总产值在建国初期仅6.37亿元,1985年超过百亿元,1999年建国50周年之际是1 108亿元,2007年达到4 177亿元,占全省工农业生产总值的45.4%。