InSb的电感耦合等离子体刻蚀技术研究

随着InSb红外焦平面探测器的发展,焦平面阵列规模越来越大,像元面积越来越小.湿法刻蚀因其各向同性的特点,导致像元钻蚀严重,越来越难满足大规格InSb焦平面器件的要求.研究了以Ar/CH4/H2作为刻蚀气体,利用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀大规格InSb晶片的初步研究结果,研究不同RF功率、腔体压力和Ar的含量对刻蚀速率、表面形貌的影响及InSb表面残留聚合物的去除方法.     

GaN电感耦合等离子体刻蚀的优化和损伤分析

通过分别改变电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀过程中的ICP功率和DC偏压,对ICP刻蚀GaN材料的工艺条件和损伤情况进行了系统的研究。刻蚀后表面的损伤和形貌通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、电子能谱(EDS)、荧光光谱(PL)等技术进行表征和分析。实验结果表明,刻蚀速率随ICP功率和DC偏压的增加而增加;刻蚀损伤与DC偏压成正比,而与ICP功率的关系较为复杂。实验中观测到刻蚀后GaN样品的荧光光谱带边发射峰和黄带发射峰的强度均有明显下降,这意味着刻蚀产生的缺陷中存在非辐射复合中心,并且该非辐射复合中心的密度与DC偏压成正比。为了兼顾高刻蚀速率和低刻蚀损伤,建议使用高ICP功率(450 W)和低DC偏压(300 V)进行ICP刻蚀。     

基于电感耦合等离子体刻蚀的LNOI脊形微结构制备

铌酸锂(LiNbO₃,LN)是一种广泛使用的介电材料,由于其电光系数大,透明范围大,本征带宽宽,因而在集成和非线性光学器件中极为重要。但绝缘体上铌酸锂薄膜(LNOI)的化学稳定性好,刻蚀速率慢,其微结构参数难以控制。针对以上问题,该文开展了基于电感耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP-RIE)的LNOI脊形微结构的制备工艺研究,分析了腔室压强、气体总流量及刻蚀功率等参数对刻蚀速率、刻蚀倾角和表面粗糙度(RMS)的影响。研究表明,在优化的工艺条件下,LNOI薄膜的刻蚀速率达到24.9 nm/min,制备出刻蚀深度249 nm、刻蚀倾角76°、表面粗糙度(RMS)0.716 nm的LNOI脊形微结构。该文通过对刻蚀工艺与微观结构参数的研究,建立了基于ICP的LNOI微结构刻蚀方法,为控制LNOI脊形光波导和提升性能提供了工艺支撑。     

基于BCl3感应耦合等离子体的蓝宝石光滑表面刻蚀

利用Ar/BCl3、Cl2/BCl3和SF6/BCl3感应耦合等离子体(ICP),研究了蓝宝石(Al2O3)材料的干法刻蚀特性.实验表明,优化BCl3含量(80%),可以提高对Al2O3衬底的刻蚀速率;在BCl3刻蚀气体中加入20%的Ar气可以在高刻蚀速率下同时获得优于未刻蚀Al2O3衬底表面的光滑刻蚀表面和较好的刻蚀侧壁,原子力显微镜(AFM)分析得到最优刻蚀平整度为0.039 nm,俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析其归一化Al/O原子比为0.94.     

电感耦合等离子体刻蚀InSb芯片工艺的研究

随着InSb红外焦平面阵列探测器的发展,焦平面阵列规模不断增大,像元面积越来越小.湿法刻蚀因为其各向同性刻蚀的特点,导致像元的钻蚀严重,已经难以满足大规格InSb焦平面器件的要求.采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀大规格InSb阵列芯片,研究不同腔体压力对刻蚀速率、表面形貌的影响及InSb表面残留聚合物的去除方法.     

氧等离子体表面处理对AlGaN/GaN HEMT欧姆接触的影响

采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀系统,研究了氧等离子体表面处理对AlGaN/GaN HEMT欧姆接触电阻的影响。利用能量色散X射线光谱仪、光致发光谱和原子力显微镜以及电学测试设备对处理前后样品进行表征分析。结果表明,在最佳的氧等离子体处理条件(ICP功率250 W,射频功率60 W,压强0.8 Pa,氧气流量30 cm³/min,时间5 min)下,欧姆接触电阻为0.41Ω·mm,比参照样品接触电阻降低了约69%。分析认为经过氧等离子体处理后,在近表面处产生了一定数量的N空位缺陷,这些N空位表现为浅能级施主掺杂,有利于欧姆接触的形成。通过采用氧等离子体表面处理工艺制备的AlGaN/GaN HEMT,在+2 V的栅极偏压下获得了0.77 A/mm的最大漏极饱和电流。     

金刚石纳米锥坑阵列结构的制备

采用电感耦合反应离子刻蚀(ICP-RIE)技术刻蚀金刚石薄膜,通过调整刻蚀功率、角度及时间等工艺参数,低成本且高效率地实现了排列整齐的圆形纳米锥坑阵列的可控化制备。对纳米锥坑的制备过程进行深入研究,发现可通过调节刻蚀角度与偏压功率控制氧等离子对金刚石进行高度方向性的刻蚀。荧光检测结果表明,直径为80～120 nm、深度为90～130 nm的纳米锥坑阵列结构可使金刚石薄膜内NV⁰色心的荧光强度增加21%,SiV^-色心的荧光强度增加49%。使用时域有限差分方法对增强原因进行探究,发现纳米锥坑对泵浦激发光有局限作用,并且可在纳米锥坑附近形成法布里-珀罗共振腔,使色心的自发辐射速率加快,进而增加其荧光强度。     

InSb红外焦平面器件台面刻蚀工艺研究

传统的湿法腐蚀工艺由于各向同性的特点,象元钻蚀严重,导致器件占空比下降,限制了锑化铟大面阵红外焦平面的发展。基于电感耦合等离子体(ICP)刻蚀技术,以BCl3/Ar为刻蚀气体,研究了不同气体配比、工作压力、RF功率对刻蚀效果的影响,获得了适用于锑化铟焦平面制备工艺的干法刻蚀技术。     

CVD金刚石膜表面图形化加工技术的研究

首先用CVD法制备金刚石厚膜,接着在其表面利用氢等离子体辅助刻蚀,然后在铁薄膜的催石墨化作用下,对金刚石膜的表面进行了选择性的刻蚀.结果表明,在氢等离子体的辅助作用下,铁薄膜可以持续对CVD金刚石膜进行刻蚀;如果控制铁薄膜的形状和厚度,可以实现对CVD金刚石膜表面较精确的图形化刻蚀.该技术有望成为一种新的刻蚀金刚石膜的方法.     

InSb阵列探测芯片的感应耦合等离子反应刻蚀研究

利用感应耦合等离子（ICP）反应刻蚀（RIE）进行了InSb阵列芯片台面刻蚀,并利用轮廓仪、SEM及XRD对台面形貌以及刻蚀损伤进行分析。采用优化的ICP刻蚀参数,实现的刻蚀速率为70~90 nm/min,刻蚀台阶垂直度~80°,刻蚀表面平整光滑、损伤低。与常规的湿法腐蚀相比,明显降低了侧向钻蚀。台面采用此反应刻蚀工艺,制备了具有理想I-V特性的320×256 InSb探测阵列芯片,在-500 mV到零偏压范围内,光敏元（面积23 μm×23 μm）的动态阻抗（Rd）大于100 MΩ。     

Optimization of inductively coupled plasma etching for low nanometer scale air-hole arrays in two-dimensional GaAs-based photonic crystals

This paper mainly describes fabrication of two-dimensional GaAs-based photonic crystals with low nanometer scale air-hole arrays using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching system. The sidewall profile and surface characteristics of the photonic crystals are systematically investigated as a function of process parameters including ICP power, RF power and pressure. Various ICP powers have no significant effect on the verticality of air-hole sidewall and surface smoothness. In contrast, RF power and chamber pressure play a remarkable role in improving sidewall verticality and surface characteristics of photonic crystals indicating different etching mechanisms for low nanometer scale photonic crystals. The desired photonic crystals have been achieved with hole diameters as low as 130 nm with smooth and vertical profiles by developing a suitable ICP processes. The influence of the ICP parameters on this device system are analyzed mainly by scanning electron microscopy. This fabrication approach is not limited to GaAs material, and may be efficiently applied to the development of most two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs.     

感应耦合等离子刻蚀二维低纳米级GaAs基光子晶体的过程优化研究

本文主要描述了用感应耦合等离子刻蚀系统（ICP）制作具有低纳米级空气孔阵列二维GaAs基光子晶体的过程。通过改变ICP功率,RF功率以及腔压三个参数,对光子晶体空气孔的侧壁和表面特性进行了系统的研究。结果表明,ICP功率的变化对空气孔侧壁和表面光滑度没有明显的影响,相反,RF功率和腔压对其起着重要的作用。最后通过优化各种过程参数,成功地获得了具有垂直平滑,直径约为130nm空气孔的光子晶体。本文ICP系统参数对光子晶体特性的影响主要通过扫描电镜进行分析,另外这种制作方法不局限于GaAs 基光子晶体,也可以应用于其它材料光子晶体的制作.     

Inductively coupled plasma etching of HgCdTe

The high-density inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique has been applied to HgCdTe. The HgCdTe etch rate was studied as a function of key process variables commonly used in high-density plasma etching: chamber pressure, direct current (DC) bias, and ICP-source power. Mesa profiles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the profiles for the process conditions used were found to be compatible with fabrication procedures for HgCdTe infrared focal-plane arrays (FPAs). The etch uniformity was measured to be better than 5% over a diameter of 6-in.     

A preliminary study of SF6 based inductively coupled plasma etching techniques for beta gallium trioxide thin film

Beta phase Gallium trioxide (β-Ga₂O₃) thin film was grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition technology. Mixture gases of SF₆ and Ar were used for dry etching of β-Ga₂O₃ thin film by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The effect of SF₆/Ar (etching gas) ratio on etch rate and film etching damage was studied. The etching rate and surface roughness were measured using F20-UN thin film analyzer and atomic force microscopy showing that the etching rate in the range between 30 nm/min and 35 nm/min with an improved surface roughness was obtained when the reactive mixed gas of SF₆/Ar was used. The analysis of X-ray diffraction and transmission spectra further confirmed the non-destructive crystal quality. This work demonstrates that the properly proportioned mixture gases of SF₆/Ar is suitable for the dry etching of β-Ga₂O₃ thin film by ICP and can serve as a guide for future β-Ga₂O₃ device processing.     

Fluid model of inductively coupled plasma etcher based on COMSOL

Fluid dynamic models are generally appropriate for the investigation of inductively coupled plasmas. A commercial ICP etcher filled with argon plasma is simulated in this study. The simulation is based on a multiphysical software, COMSOLTM, which is a partial differential equation solver. Just as with other plasma fluid models, there are drift-diffusion approximations for ions, the quasi-neutrality assumption for electrons movements, reduced Maxwell equations for electromagnetic fields, electron energy equations for electron temperatures and the Navier-Stokes equa-tion for neutral background gas. The two-dimensional distribution of plasma parameters are shown at 200 W of power and 1.33 Pa (10 mTorr) of pressure. Then the profile comparison of the electron number density and temperature with respect to power is illustrated. Finally we believe that there might be some disagreement between the predicted values and the real ones, and the reasons for this difference would be the Maxwellian eedf assumption and the lack of the cross sections of collisions and the reaction rates.     

基于COMSOL的感应耦合等离子体刻蚀机流体模型

流体动力学模型被广泛地用于感应耦合等离子体（ICP）的仿真,即使连续性方程在这样低的压力下通常会被认为是不适用的。本课题模拟了一个真实的充满氩等离子体的ICP刻蚀机。本模拟基于一个多物理场仿真软件——COMSOL,一种偏微分方程求解器。正如其他的等离子体流体模型所示,在本模型中用漂移扩散近似描述离子,对电子运动用准中性假设,用简化的Maxwell方程计算电磁场,用电子能量方程求解电子温度,用Navier-Stokes方程来描述中性背景气体。本文展示了在功率200W和气压1.33Pa（10 mTorr）条件下的2维等离子体参数分布情况。进而对比了电子数密度和电子温度随功率的变化。我们确信在预测值与真实值之间存在不一致情况,造成这种差异的原因主要是电子能量分布函数（eedf）的麦克斯韦假设以及对碰撞截面和反应速率的缺失。     

Inductively coupled plasma etching for large format HgCdTe focal plane array fabrication

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using hydrogen-based gas chemistry has been developed to meet requirements for deep HgCdTe mesa etching and shallow CdTe passivation etching in large format HgCdTe infrared focal plane array (FPA) fabrication. Large format 2048×2048, 20-μm unit-cell short wavelength infrared (SWIR) and 2560×512, 25-μm unit-cell midwavelength infrared (MWIR) double-layer heterojunction (DLHJ) p-on-n HgCdTe FPAs fabricated using ICP processing exhibit >99% pixel operability. The HgCdTe FPAs are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si substrates with suitable buffer layers. Midwavelength infrared detectors fabricated from 4-in. MBE-grown HgCdTe/Si substrates using ICP for mesa delineation and CdTe passivation etching demonstrate measured spectral characteristics, RoA product, and quantum efficiency comparable to detectors fabricated using wet chemical processes. Mechanical samples prepared to examine physical characteristics of ICP reveal plasma with high energy and low ion angle distribution, which is necessary for fine definition, high-aspect ratio mesa etching with accurate replication of photolithographic mask dimensions.     

Control of chlorine inductively coupled plasma using optical-emission spectroscopy

Magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) technology is recognized as one of the next key advances in computer memory. To create MRAM, various metals are successively laid down by sputtering to create stacks, which are then etched into suitable patterns. Each layer requires a different process and maximum plasma energy to efficiently etch the metal while maintaining the stack at the lowest possible temperature to preserve magnetic properties. Computer control is necessary for fast response as the reaction progresses through different layers. This control system design enables high-speed control of the energy available in the plasma using high-speed spectrometers without extensive calculation of extraneous state variables.     

Selective dry etching of InGaP over GaAs in inductively coupled plasmas

By exploiting the relatively high volatility of In etch products in CH₄/H₂ discharges, we were able to obtain a maximum selectivity for InGaP over GaAs of ∼20 at low ion energies and fluxes. Three different inert gas additives to CH₄/H₂ were examined, with Ar producing higher selectivities than He or Xe. This process is attractive for selective removal of the InGaP emitter in the fabrication of heterojunction bipolar transistors.