电石法生产PVC树脂的环保技术及发展方向

总结了目前电石法PVC树脂生产过程中的环保技术,介绍了其发展方向,以便于提高电石法生产PVC树脂的环境保护水平,促进企业的健康发展。     

化工产品环境经济性能综合评估体系的研究

经济和环境两种性能是化工产品绿色设计中的两个相互制约的设计准则.本文系统地分析了化工产品的经济和环境的性能制约关系,结合多准则决策的特征,采用层次分析法的思想,建立了组合的二阶层次结构模型.提出化工产品环境影响和经济性能综合评估的理论框架.     

水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统环境影响评价

采用生活废水的二级出水培养微藻可有效提高微藻生物柴油生产过程的环境效益,降低其环境影响。本文基于生命周期分析原理,针对结合了废水培养微藻的两种微藻生物柴油生产技术路线,即传统路线和热解酯化路线,建立了环境影响评价模型;提出了水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统评价的水处理过程替代效应的概念及其环境效益定量评价方法;通过计算对比了基于新鲜水培养微藻的两种技术路线的总环境影响指数和废水培养微藻的两种技术路线的环境效益,表明热解酯化工艺结合废水培养微藻路线相较其他工艺路线具有最小的环境影响,表明水处理过程替代效应在水处理集成微藻生物柴油生命周期系统评价中的有效性和必要性。     

A comparison of nonlinear control performance assessment techniques for nonlinear processes

Assessing the quality of industrial control loops is an important auditing task for the control engineer. However, there are complications when considering the ubiquitous nonlinearities present in many industrial control loops. If one simply ignores these nonlinearities, there is the danger of over‐estimating the performance of the control loop in rejecting disturbances and thereby possibly overlooking loops that need attention. To address this problem, several techniques have been recently developed to extend the control performance assessment (CPA) of single input/single output linear systems to nonlinear systems. This article surveys these nonlinear CPA techniques and compares their performances using three case studies. These results can be used to guide control engineers to select the most suitable CPA techniques for their particular applications. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的重要性分析

环境影响评价的评价初期、建设期、运行期以及后评价期的整个环境评价体系中,均需要环境监测数据来支撑,环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系之中,是环境影响评价的技术基础,同时还具有较强的监督功能。     

表面活性素集成生产过程(Ⅲ)吸附柱的模型

The study is focused on modeling of separation process and optimization.An adsorption separation process is simulated.The surfactin production process by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 followed by surfactin adsorption in a fixed-bed column packed with commercial active carbon is studied in laboratory.The adsorption column achieves high surfactin recovery(94%)by up-flow methanol elution at 25°C.The adsorption column is simulated with a complex one-dimensional plug flow dispersion model coupled with nonlinear adsorption equilibrium,based on the assumption that the adsorption of surfactin is monomolecular layer and no micelle is formed.The molecular diffusion coefficient of surfactin in water solution with electric neutrality is estimated to be 0.428×10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 by molecular dynamics simulation.The model developed can describe the complex interplay of adsorption kinetics,fluid dynamics,and mass-transfer phenomena based on the assumption of no radial temperature and concentration gradients,and is of adequate precision.The work involved in this paper is valuable for the optimization of the production process of surfactin.     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的作用及其管理

环境监测是环境影响评价中的重要环节,贯穿环境影响评价的整个过程,环境监测部门应结合实际情况,对环评单位提供的环境监测方案中监测布点、监测因子及监测频次、监测方法和采用标准等进行全面审查,优化和完善监测方案,强化环境监测全过程质量管理,发挥主观能动性,为环境管理提供科学决策依据。     

化工过程动态仿真的研究与应用进展

通过介绍化工动态流程模拟系统完全依据机理模型开发并在科研和实际生产中应用的进展,指出了化工过程动态模拟软件开发与应用中存在的一些问题,以及开发和推广通用动态模拟软件的重要性,并对化工动态模拟的发展方向做了预测和探讨。     

考虑环境影响最小化的反应过程的开发

A methodology is presented to identify environmental impact minimization alternative for reaction processes and assess their environmental performance.The potential environmental impact (PEI) scheme can be used to visibly display the transformation relationships among different types of PEI,identify the sources of environmental impacts,and propose alternatives for eliminating of minimizing the impacts.To evaluate the environmental performance of the alternatives effectively,some new indices,such as PEI input rate of non-products,PEI output rate of non-products per profit and the PEI conversion efficiency are proposed.Finally,the application of the methodology is illustrated using an industrial case study.     

植物纤维纸蜂窝制备的环境影响评价

利用CML环境影响评价方法,研究并比较了植物纤维纸蜂窝和传统芳纶纸蜂窝制备的环境影响。结果表明,针对所涉及的11个环境影响指标,植物纤维纸蜂窝低于芳纶纸蜂窝0.68 %~49.41 %;权重化结果表明,植物纤维纸蜂窝制备环境影响总体低于芳纶纸蜂窝18.77 %;制备芳纶纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于芳纶纸和电能的消耗;制备植物纤维纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于混杂纸和电能的生产。     

基于流程模拟的常减压装置过程操作与生产计划集成优化

传统的炼油企业生产计划优化与过程操作优化往往是分离的, 从而造成生产计划优化系统制定出的生产方案可能在实际的生产装置操作上无法实现的情况。为了确保石化企业生产计划制定的方案可行的同时实现过程装置操作优化, 基于流程模拟软件建立了常减压蒸馏装置生产计划与过程操作的集成优化策略, 并提出了该优化策略的有效寻优方法。该方法通过流程模拟软件验证生产计划的可达性, 不断修正生产计划关键变量的优化区间, 在求得生产计划最优解的同时确定装置的工艺操作条件。以某炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置炼油为例验证提出的集成优化方法, 案例证明该集成策略不仅确保生产计划在实际生产的可操作性, 还得到了生产计划与过程装置操作的同步优化。     

水资源开发工程项目环境评价与战略环境评价

我国在水资源开发工程建设项目的环境评价方面已取得长足的进步,项目环境评价的技术也日趋成熟。与此同时也面临一些问题。项目层次上的环境评价已难以保证水资源开发与生态环境保护的协调发展,尤其是涉及流域水资源梯级开发中的项目环境评价如何协调经济社会可持续发展与生态环境保护之间的关系。为了在环境影响的源头对不利因素进行控制,规划环境评价是流域水资源开发中应高度重视的问题。     

用于吸附过程开发的从分子水平级开始的多尺度模拟

This article presents a multiscale simulation approach starting at the molecular level for the adsorption process development. A grand canonical Monte Carlo method is used for the prediction of adsorption isotherms of methanol on an activated carbon at the molecular level. The adsorption isotherms obtained in the linear region （or adsorption constant） are exploited as a model parameter required for the adsorption process simulation. The adsorption process model described by a set of partial differential equations （PDEs） is solved by using the conservation element and solution element method, which produces a fast and an accurate numerical solution to PDEs. The simulation results obtained from the adsorption constant estimated at the molecular level are in good agreement with the experimental results of the pulse response. The systematical multiscale simulation approach addressed in this study may be useful to accelerate the adsorption process development by reducing the number of experiments.     

静电纺丝的技术进展

简述了静电纺丝的原理、装置及发展历程;比较了溶剂静电纺丝法和熔融静电纺丝法;介绍了静电纺丝法的技术进展。指出在熔融型静电纺丝法的研究中,开发了具有激光加热部的熔融型静电纺丝装置,进一步突破了纳米纤维的制造技术。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝法制造的纳米纤维应用广泛,其发展前景看好。     

干法乙炔技术的研究与开发

介绍了干法制乙炔技术装置的运行情况及其设备的特点,对出现的问题进行了原因分析,提出了解决方案。     

俄罗斯催化重整工艺发展概况

俄罗斯大部分原油含轻组分较多,这种原油特点促进了催化重整工艺的发展,催化重整工艺在俄罗斯生产高辛烷值汽油方面占有首要位置,综述了俄罗斯原有催化重整工艺的发展概况,介绍了对半再生催化重整过程、连续再生催化重整过程、固定床半再生重整工艺改造方案和分子筛重整工艺,最后展望了其发展前景。