we are one team 韦德之队

真正的兄弟是什么样子的？在得意时陪你高兴也能适时给你忠告，在失意时即使不说话也能挺你到底。11年的NBA经历除了带给韦德数不清的磨砺和荣誉之外，一群铁哥们儿也算得上是这段经历带来的真正财富了。在与李宁品牌合作，拥有属于自己的签名产品线即将步入第三个年头的时候，韦德终于组建以自己名字命名的“韦德之队”。     

How close are we to understanding v1?

A wide variety of papers have reviewed what is known about the function of primary visual cortex. In this review, rather than stating what is known, we attempt to estimate how much is still unknown about V1 function. In particular, we identify five problems with the current view of V1 that stem largely from experimental and theoretical biases, in addition to the contributions of nonlinearities in the cortex that are not well understood. Our purpose is to open the door to new theories, a number of which we describe, along with some proposals for testing them.     

Open source in Swedish companies: where are we?

Open Source (OS) is a phenomenon of increasing significance for organizations, offering the prospect of effective alternative business solutions and new business opportunities. A number of surveys have been conducted in various countries with the purpose of understanding the state of practice with respect to OS in companies. In this paper we report on a study of the perceptions of OS and the uptake of OS products and development models in Swedish companies. The study used purposeful sampling of companies that have an expressed interest in OS, and the survey was conducted using a set of pre‐prepared questions. Its goal was to investigate the extent to which OS has influenced business thinking, as seen from the standpoint of stakeholders. We found that uptake is much higher than reported in earlier studies, but as with previous studies, activity is still concentrated in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). There is increased evidence of interest beyond the simple use of OS components at the infrastructure level. Further, a significant proportion of the companies studied are supporting the OS community as well as benefiting from it. Support includes participation in existing projects and the release of new software under OS licenses.     

How close are we to solving the problem of automated visual surveillance?

The problem of automated visual surveillance has spawned a lively research area, with 2005 seeing three conferences or workshops and special issues of two major journals devoted to the topic. These alone are responsible for somewhere in the region of 240 papers and posters on automated visual surveillance before we begin to count those presented in more general fora. Many of these systems and algorithms perform one small sub-part of the surveillance task, such as motion detection. But even with low level image processing tasks it is often difficult to compare systems on the basis of published results alone. This review paper aims to answer the difficult question “How close are we to developing surveillance related systems which are really useful?” The first section of this paper considers the question of surveillance in the real world: installations, systems and practises. The main body of the paper then considers existing computer vision techniques with an emphasis on higher level processes such as behaviour modelling and event detection. We conclude with a review of the evaluative mechanisms that have grown from within the computer vision community in an attempt to provide some form of robust evaluation and cross-system comparability.     

Trends in built environment semantic Web applications: Where are we today?

The built environment sector impacts significantly on communities. At the same time, it is the sector with the highest cost and environmental saving potentials provided effective strategies are implemented. The emerging Semantic Web promises new opportunities for efficient management of information and knowledge about various domains. While other domains, particularly bioinformatics have fully embraced the Semantic Web, knowledge about how the same has been applied to the built environment is sketchy. This study investigates the development and trend of Semantic Web applications in the built environment. Understanding the different applications of the Semantic Web is essential for evaluation, improvement and opening of new research. A review of over 120 refereed articles on built environment Semantic Web applications has been conducted. A classification of the different Semantic Web applications in relation to their year of application is presented to highlight the trend. Two major findings have emerged. Firstly, despite limited research about easy-to-use applications, progress is being made from often too-common ontological concepts to more innovative concepts such as Linked Data. Secondly, a shift from traditional construction applications to Semantic Web sustainable construction applications is gradually emerging. To conclude, research challenges, potential future development and research directions have been discussed.     

Human factors in a dynamic information society: where are we heading?

Society is becoming increasingly dynamic and integrated owing to the extensive use of information technology. This has several implications that pose new challenges to the human factors profession. In an integrated society, changes and disturbances propagate rapidly and widely and the increasing scale of operations requires also that rare events and circumstances are considered during systems design. In this situation, human factors contributions should be increasingly proactive, not only responding to observed problems, but also, they should be based on models of adaptive human behaviour in complex, dynamic systems. The paper suggests some methodological issues to consider for human factors analyses by designers, evaluators and teachers.     

"The quest for biomarkers": are we on the right technical track?

The discovery phase of biomarkers of diagnostic or therapeutic interest started a decade ago with the very rapid development of proteomic investigations. In spite of the development of innovative technologies and multiple approaches, the "harvest" is still modest. Various reasons justified the encountered difficulties and most of them have been circumvented by specific sample treatments or dedicated analytical approaches. Nevertheless, the situation of very modest biomarker discovery level did not change much. This review intends to specifically analyze the main approaches used for biomarker discovery phase and evaluate related advantages and disadvantages. Thus, preliminary sample treatments such as fractionation, depletion and reduction of dynamic concentration range will critically be discussed and then the main differential expression investigation methods analyzed. Combinations of technologies are also discussed along with possible proposals to federate associations of complementary technologies for better chances of success.     

Podcasting in education: Are students as ready and eager as we think they are?

Instructors in higher education are disseminating instructional content via podcasting, as many rally behind the technology’s potential benefits. Others have expressed concern about the risks of deleterious effects that might accompany the adoption of podcasting, such as lower class attendance. Yet, relatively few studies have investigated students’ perceptions of podcasting for educational purposes, especially in relation to different podcasting forms: repetitive and supplemental. The present study explored students’ readiness and attitudes towards these two forms of podcasting to provide fundamental information for future researchers and educators. The results indicated that students may not be as ready or eager to use podcasting for repetitive or supplemental educational purposes as much as we think they are, but they could be persuaded.     

How we Test

在本次测试中,我们使用的依然是NetIQ公司出品的Chariot流量分析软件。我们本次所征集的产品多款为802.11g增强型产品,在测试中除了对各个产品可提供的最佳性能进行考察外,我们还特意在混合网络中进行了兼容模式下的性能测试。测试中我们使用两台笔记本电脑作为无线客户端测试平台。每个产品的测试成绩分为三部分,其中WPA成绩是使用DellInspiron9300笔记本电脑内置的802.11g无线网卡测得,802.11g/802.11b混合网路测试则是使用DellInspiron9300和京东方A1500笔记本电脑的内置网卡测得,802.11g增强型成绩则是使用与测试产品相应规格的PC…     

What are X-Machines?

X-machines were introduced by S. Eilenberg in 1974 ([Eil74]) as a mathematical framework for examining the relationships between languages and automata. The X-machine definition provided a very general concept that captured in a simple and elegant way a wide variety of existing models and their computational behaviour. Thus finite state machines, pushdown automata and Turing machines all provided different examples of X-machines obtained by varying some of the components of the X-machine's definition.     

If we measure a number,we get an interval. What if we measure a function or an operator?

Assume that we measure a physical quantityx with a measuring device whose accuracy isδ (i.e., whose producers guarantee that the difference $x--\bar x$ between the actual valuex and the measured value $\bar x$ does not exceedδ). If the result of this measurement is $\bar x$ , then possible values ofx form an interval $[\bar x - \delta ,\bar x + \delta ]$ . Suppose now that we know that a physical quantityy is a function of the physical quantityx (in other words, we know thaty=f (x) for some functionf (x)), but we do not knowf. How to determinef? We can measure only finitely many values, with finite precision, so, after finitely many measurements, we get a set of possible functionsf(x). This set can be called afunction interval (function intervals were first analyzed by R. Moore himself). The situation can become even more complicated. For example, if we analyze how physical fields evolve, then in addition to functions, we must describeoperators, i.e., mappings that transform a function (current value $f(\bar x)$ of a physical field) into a function (predicted future value of this field). Again, since we can perform only finitely many measurements, at any moment of time, our measurement results are consistent with the whole bunch of different operators. So, at any moment of time, we have a set of operators; we can call it anoperator interval. One can apply different ideas to describe function intervals, operator intervals, etc. But it is desirable to develop a general formalism that would cover all these cases. In this paper, we propose and justify such a formalism.     

Ergonomics user interface standards: are they more trouble than they are worth?

The purpose of this paper is to review the history, progress and results of one area of international standardization--the ergonomics of human-system interaction. It is a personal perspective based on my experiences as Chairman of ISO/TC159/SC4 over the past 17 years. The paper starts with some historical background and summarizes the main work of the Committee. It then identifies five areas where the results of the standardization work could have been more successful and discusses what went wrong. These problems include the long time-scale for development, how the standards were misunderstood, how political the process can be, how we may have tried to be too clever and how the abundance of help at times may have been a problem. The paper concludes with an explanation of why the activity and the results were not all bad. The five positive areas include the benefits that can come from the slow pace of the work, the benefits of structure and formality, why standards do not have to be restrictive, how the standards themselves are only part of the outcome and how being a truly international experience makes it all worthwhile.     

The role of users in interactive systems design: When computers are theatre,do we want the audience to write the script?

User participation in the design process may be an axiom of quality design but in the design of interactive, innovative computer systems, user participation may be neither feasible nor desirable. Here, user centred methodologies miss the point. If computers are a medium rather than a tool, then we need a new design paradigm that recognizes the difference between using a product and experiencing a show. In this paper the role of users in interactive systems design within the context of Multimedia product development is discussed. The main features of Multimedia product development are outlined through reference to an empirical study of two organizations and the role of users in the design process is discussed. Finally a different design paradigm is suggested.