含硫渣油脱油沥青的利用

叙述了重溶剂脱沥青的副产品沥青的各种利用途径，介绍了重溶剂脱沥青工艺，后续工艺可提供大量容易转化的脱沥青油。提出了发展重溶剂脱沥青必须解决脱油沥青的利用问题。     

Technology of used motor oil regeneration

The process of two-stage deasphalting of heavy resid with addition of used waste motor oil in the second stage is studied. A technology has been developed for used oil regeneration using two-stage deasphalting process. The second stage deasphalted oil can be used as the base oil.     

溶剂脱沥青-焦化联合提高重质油综合液收实验研究

采用两种不同的减压渣油,对比分析了减压渣油直接焦化与溶剂脱沥青-焦化联合工艺实验,实验结果表明：采用溶剂脱沥青-焦化联合工艺,可以提高减压渣油的综合液收,减压渣油丙烷脱沥青-焦化联合工艺相对于直接焦化工艺液收提高9.61百分点;减压渣油丁烷脱沥青-焦化联合工艺相对于直接焦化工艺液收提高14.28百分点。     

减压渣油掺炼催化裂化油浆丁烷脱沥青—糠醛精制组合工艺研究

摘要 以减压渣油、催化油浆为原料，在实验室开展了减压渣油掺炼催化裂化油浆溶剂脱沥青—糠醛精制组合工艺的研究工作。结果表明，新疆混合原油的减压渣油中掺入40％的催化裂化油浆，在适宜条件下经丁烷溶剂脱沥青可以得到合格的重交通道路沥青产品，脱沥青油在适宜条件下经糠醛精制后，其精制油具有更好的催化裂化性能，抽出油可以作为芳香烃型橡胶填充油的原料。此工艺为催化裂化装置外甩油浆的合理利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

丙烷脱沥青二段抽提-沉降工艺及高效萃取塔的应用

为充分发挥南阳原油微晶蜡含量高的资源优势,最大限度生产高附加值微晶蜡产品,南阳石蜡精细化工厂将以生产催化裂化原料为主要目的产品的0.15 Mt/a超临界丁烷脱沥青装置改造为0.18 Mt/a丙烷脱沥青装置,改造采用脱沥青油二段抽提-沉降工艺,核心设备抽提塔应用清华大学开发的溶剂脱沥青高效萃取塔,几年来,装置运行安全平稳,产品轻、重脱沥青油的收率高且质量好,剂耗、装置能耗等技术经济指标均较理想.     

采用组合工艺提高辽河减压渣油轻油收率

以辽河减压渣油为原料,采用C5为溶剂,在压力4.0~7.0 MPa、剂油质量比4:1及温度160/180 ℃的条件下进行深度溶剂脱沥青试验,残炭降低率50%左右,90%以上的沥青质得到脱除,并富集到脱油沥青中。采用溶剂脱沥青-脱沥青油催化裂化-沥青残渣焦化组合工艺加工辽河减压渣油的研究结果表明：随溶剂脱沥青压力的提高,脱沥青油的收率增加,压力为7.0 MPa时,总脱沥青油收率达到74.22%,沥青残渣收率明显降低;轻、重脱沥青油催化裂化的平均液化气＋轻油收率分别为25.74%及12.72%,沥青残渣焦化的液化气＋轻油收率均值为7.17%。采用组合工艺技术,辽河减压渣油的液化气＋轻油收率较减压渣油直接焦化提高了4.06 百分点。     

溶剂脱沥青工艺优化浅谈

简要介绍了溶剂脱沥青一段抽提-沉降改成二段抽提工艺流程,以及转盘萃取塔改成填料塔的优点。综述了消泡剂的使用和FCC-SDA组合工艺的应用。探讨了萃取溶剂对荆门石化生产加氢改质原料和催化裂化原料的影响:采取在丙烷溶剂中混入20%～25%丁烷溶剂,溶剂脱沥青装置作为催化裂化原料的轻、重脱沥青油收率之和可达到60%;提高混合C4含量,同时提高沉顶温度,可得到轻脱沥青油作为加氢改质料的质量和收率均较为理想的状态。浅析了溶剂脱沥青装置腐蚀原因,提出了相应防腐措施。     

Study on Process for Manufacturing Heavy Traffic Asphalt from Gudong Crude

The Gudong crude from Gudao oil-bearing region in the Shengli oilfield was used as the target for studying the process of manufacturing heavy traffic road asphalt. The heavy traffic road asphalt products can be made from Gudong crude through blending residuum from mild thermal conversion of vacuum resid with extract, blending the deoiled asphalt from VR propane deasphalting with vacuum resid and the extract, and blending of oxidized hard asphalt originated from VR with the extract.     

加氢改质轻脱沥青油生产优化

将石蜡基南阳、江汉混合原油的减压渣油掺入到中间基管输原油的减压渣油中,拓宽了丙烷脱沥青的原料。丙烷脱沥青工艺通过提高混合溶剂中C4含量,同时提高沉降塔顶温度,获得加氢改质料轻脱沥青油质量和收率二者兼顾的生产优化效果。根据轻脱沥青油对糠醛的临界溶解温度调整糠醛精制装置的剂油比、塔顶温度和塔底温度,通过选用适宜的加氢改质反应温度、降低酮苯溶剂水含量、使用助滤剂等措施,提高了脱蜡油的收率。采用以上优化措施后,从拓宽原料的轻脱沥青油可以生产重质的润滑油基础油,并且综合收率有所提高。     

二次加工重油对炼油工艺过程的影响

基于国内外大量文献资料的研究表明，二次加工重油对常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏、催化裂化、溶剂脱沥青、延迟焦化、重油加氢处理、烷基化等炼油工艺过程有重要影响，可使液体产品经提高，质量明显改善，同时也解决了二次加工重油的有效利用问题，经济效益显著，具有很好的开发和应用前景。     

重溶剂脱沥青在含硫渣油加工中的应用

在介绍重溶剂 (丁烷及戊烷 )脱沥青能选择性地除去渣油中的沥青质和金属化合物并为后续工艺提供大量容易转化的脱沥青油的基础上 ,叙述了重溶剂脱沥青的特点以及在含硫渣油加工中的应用 ,同时介绍了其副产品沥青的利用途径。     

减压渣油溶剂脱沥青-焦化总液体收率的研究

以减压渣油为原料采用溶剂脱沥青过程，得到了不同m（H）／m（C）的脱油沥青，利用重油热加工精确评价装置，对4种焦化原料进行焦化行为研究，研究不同W／（H）／m（C）的沥青的焦化行为和产品分布。结果表明：随着焦化原料W／（H）／m（C）的增加，瓦斯气收率变化不大，馏出油收率明显增加，残渣油收率明显降低，m（H）／m（C）每增加1个百分点，馏出油收率增加10个百分点，残渣油收率降低10个百分点；饱和分、芳香分、胶质含量能够显著影响液体油品的收率。对于溶剂脱沥青一焦化组合工艺，在溶剂脱沥青过程中，提高脱沥青油的抽出率，组合工艺的总液体油品收率就会增加，在可实现的范围内，脱沥青油抽出率每提高20个百分点左右，则总的液体油品收率增加5个百分点左右；对实验数据进行回归分析，得到了实验所用渣油焦化转化率的数学归纳式。     

High-Pressure Phase Behavior and Equilibria for Chinese Petroleum Residua and Light Hydrocarbon Systems. Part II

The influence of temperature, pressure, and solvent to oil ratio on phase compositions has been determined in a Hg-free high-pressure PVT instrument by using a whole phase sampling technique. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) technology, in combination with SARA analysis, have resolved a key problem, the characterization of heavy oil in the modeling of the phase equilibria of the complex heavy oil and light hydrocarbon systems. Phase equilibria of the heavy oil system can be adequately modeled by the SRK and PR equations of state using a new estimation method for critical properties. This information has been used to establish operational envelopes for conventional solvent deasphalting process (SDA) and a new supercritical solvent-selective separation (SSELS) process.     

COPROCESSING OF PITTSBURGH NO. 8 COAL USING HYDROGEN DONORS AND REDUCED RESIDS

Pittsburgh No. 8 coal was coprocessed with five different resids to establish the effect of these resids on coal conversion at 380°C in a hydrogen atmosphere. The resids with the highest asphaltene content yielded the most conversion. The addition of hydrogen donor species like the cyclic olefins, 1,4,5,8-tetrahydronaphthalene(isotetralin)and 1,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydroanthracene, and hydroaromatic species, 9,10-dihydroanihracene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-anlhracene, and tetralin, increased the amount of coal conversion obtained in the coprocessing systems regardless of the resid used as solvent. Dihydroanthracene and hexahydroanthracene had the greatest effect on coal conversion while both octahydroanthracene and isotetralin showed positive but lesser effects on coal conversion. Reduction of three resids with the Birch reduction method yielded resids with a greater hydrogen donor capacity which resulted in higher coal conversion than the parent resid and comparable coal conversion to that obtained with isotetralin added to the resid at 0.5 wt% donable hydrogen level. Prehydrogenating the resid by the Birch method can change the role of the resid from being a diluent to being an active participant in the coal conversion process.     

我国溶剂脱沥青工艺的主要技术进展

总结了我国溶剂脱沥青工艺的主要技术进展如新溶剂的应用、沉降两段法脱沥青工艺开发、组合工艺的开发、模式识别调优技术的应用、临界溶剂回收技术的应用、新设备的应用、超临界溶剂脱沥青技术开发和优化换热等。探讨了溶剂脱沥青工艺的发展趋势 ,如广泛使用混合C4 等重溶剂 ,发展和完善组合工艺 ,综合利用脱沥青油组分等。     

柱色谱分离法预测塔河常压渣油脱沥青油杂质含量的研究

塔河原油是一种沥青质含量高、残炭高、金属含量高、酸值高的重质原油,为避免传统加工过程中的高温腐蚀和塔河渣油进催化裂化装置的高残炭、高金属含量等问题,考虑将塔河原油经常压闪蒸后的渣油直接作为溶剂脱沥青的原料。采用挂片失重试验对塔河原油的腐蚀性进行了研究,同时对适宜闪蒸温度下的常压闪蒸渣油进行了六组分分离,并对各组分的化学性质和结构参数进行了分析。结果表明:53.89%的硫、86.97%的氮、98%以上的镍、钒金属存在于胶质和沥青质组分中;随着组分加重,芳碳率fA增加,H/C原子比、环烷碳分率fN和芳香环系缩合度参数HAU/CA减小;将塔河常压闪蒸渣油在不同柱色谱馏出油收率下的杂质脱除率曲线与溶剂脱沥青中试结果对比发现,两者有较好的相似度,表明采用柱色谱分离方法可以在一定程度上来预测溶剂脱沥青过程不同脱沥青油收率时的杂质含量,可指导塔河常压闪蒸渣油溶剂脱沥青过程的操作。     

南疆渣油丙烷脱沥青生产因素分析及对策

对新疆南、北疆渣油丙烷脱沥青过程进行了评价对比和生产因素分析，认为南疆渣油的一、二段油之间性质相近、分离困难以及一段油潜含量低是造成南疆一段油收率下降的主要原因。通过实际生产考察，调整了操作条件，即提高萃取温度、降低沉降温度、提高溶剂比，从而使一段油收率得到提高     

COPROCESSING OF PITTSBURGH NO. 8 COAL USING HYDROGEN DONORS AND REDUCED RESIDS

ABSTRACT

Pittsburgh No. 8 coal was coprocessed with five different resids to establish the effect of these resids on coal conversion at 380°C in a hydrogen atmosphere. The resids with the highest asphaltene content yielded the most conversion. The addition of hydrogen donor species like the cyclic olefins, 1,4,5,8-tetrahydronaphthalene(isotetralin)and 1,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydroanthracene, and hydroaromatic species, 9,10-dihydroanihracene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-anlhracene, and tetralin, increased the amount of coal conversion obtained in the coprocessing systems regardless of the resid used as solvent. Dihydroanthracene and hexahydroanthracene had the greatest effect on coal conversion while both octahydroanthracene and isotetralin showed positive but lesser effects on coal conversion. Reduction of three resids with the Birch reduction method yielded resids with a greater hydrogen donor capacity which resulted in higher coal conversion than the parent resid and comparable coal conversion to that obtained with isotetralin added to the resid at 0.5 wt% donable hydrogen level. Prehydrogenating the resid by the Birch method can change the role of the resid from being a diluent to being an active participant in the coal conversion process.     

Refining Tahe Heavy Crude Oil to Increase Light Product Yield

Traditional processing technology is not suitable for Tahe crude oil due to its low light distillate yield and poor quality. A new process, atmospheric flash evaporation-solvent deasphalting combined process, was put forward. The appropriate operating conditions of solvent deasphalting process were as follows: iso-pentane solvent, temperature of 175°C, pressure of 3.7MPa, solvent volume ratio of 5.0. Compared with atmospheric distillation-delayed coking process, total liquid product yield by new process could reach 78.77%, increasing by 9.47%. The quality of deasphalting oil met the feed requirements for catalytic cracking and de-oiled asphalt could be used as asphalt mixture additives.     

发展我国重质原油加工技术的建议

分析了我国重质原油加工的任务以及存在的问题。对发展我国重质原油加工技术提出了一些建议,诸如将稠油等重质原油在油田附近进行加氢制成合成原油;将重溶剂脱沥青与固定床加氢相结合;以及研究生产燃料电池燃料的重质原油加工流程。