多孔介质对微热光电系统燃烧室性能的影响

微燃烧室获得高且均匀的壁面温度分布对于微热光电系统是非常有利的.将多孔介质引入微燃烧室中进行燃烧试验,得到了有无多孔介质两种情况下不同混合气流量、不同氢氧体积比的燃烧状况及壁面温度分布.多孔介质具有较强的吸热及蓄热能力,能有效地改善传热过程,改变壁面温度分布.对于特定的燃烧室,当氢氧体积比为1.5∶1、混合气流量为1.83×10-5m3/s时,所得到的壁面温度分布基本满足微热光电系统的要求.     

孔隙结构对水冷燃烧器燃烧换热特性的影响

针对天然气等高热值气体燃烧时氮氧化物排放高和多孔介质烧蚀问题，设计开发了变孔隙多孔介质燃烧试验系统，研究了燃烧室内沿横向孔密度变化的孔隙结构对多孔介质中燃烧换热的影响．结果表明：燃烧室内平均孔密度相同条件下，孔密度沿横向由内而外先阶跃增加再阶跃减小的孔隙结构有利于燃烧放热沿冷却边界方向的传递，该燃烧室内整体温度低，从燃烧室中心截面处沿冷却边界方向的温差最大达568℃，多孔介质燃烧器的温升速率最小为16.2℃/min，平均传热系数最大为656.6 W/(m²·℃)；横向孔密度变化的6种燃烧室内芯结构采用水冷方式降低了燃烧室温度，NO排放都可以达到20 mg/m³以下，而CO最高也仅有60 mg/m³.     

多孔介质中预混火焰猝熄及自稳定性研究

分析了多孔介质中预混火焰的猝熄效应,试验测定了一系列工况下泡沫陶瓷的猝熄直径和自稳定范围,为多孔介质燃烧器的开发设计提供了依据。通过分析发现,猝熄直径受到多个参数的影响,包括：混合气体的流速u、预混气体的层流火焰传播速度SL、燃烧室空管Re、预混气体的导温系数a、当量比φ以及多孔介质固体温度Ts。通过对多孔介质中燃烧的自稳定性试验研究,发现了多孔介质燃烧器中火焰稳定极限(吹脱极限和回火极限)与多孔介质平均孔径和气流速度及燃烧当量比的关系。     

材料和喷口直径对多孔介质微燃烧的影响

为了进一步优化微燃烧室的设计,以最大化提高微燃烧室的能量转换效率及微热光电系统的整体工作效率,在前期工作的基础上设计了不同多孔介质材料及喷嘴/燃烧室内径比的多孔介质微燃烧室.通过实验验证,针对多孔介质微燃烧室内的氢氧预混燃烧进行了数值模拟计算,研究结果表明,多孔介质材料,喷嘴/燃烧室内径比对微燃烧室内的微尺度燃烧有重要影响,微燃烧室在多孔介质材料为SiC, 喷嘴/燃烧室内径比为0.27时燃烧效率最高,有利于提高微热光电系统的整体效率.     

天然气在渐变型多孔介质中的预混燃烧

设计了孔径沿程变化的渐变型多孔介质(GVPM)燃烧器，为了解天然气在其中的预混燃烧特性，对燃烧室气体、固体温度分布和CO、NO；污染物排放进行了测量．试验研究了渐变型多孔介质中燃烧的温度场分布、火焰移动、污染物排放、稳定性及多孔介质孔径结构对燃烧特性的影响规律．将研究结果与几种均匀型多孔介质(HPM)中的燃烧进行比较，发现渐变型多孔介质中的燃烧可以有更多的优点，包括均匀温度场分布、极低污染物排放、高火焰速度、高稳定性、宽燃烧极限和有很大的负荷调节范围等．     

渐变型多孔介质中预混燃烧温度分布试验

进行了预混天然气在等孔隙率渐近变孔径的多孔介质中的燃烧试验，用热电偶测量了燃烧室温度分布，并与单一孔径（d=1mm）的均匀多孔介质中燃烧结果进行了比较。结果表明，渐变型多孔介质燃烧器比均匀型多孔介质燃烧器具有更多的优点：燃烧室温度分布更加均匀，燃烧更加稳定，并能更好的适应当量比和流量／功率的变化，由于孔径的变化，多孔介质中气流扰动增加，有利于火焰的稳定，当量比和流速变化范围增大。     

多孔介质特性参数对燃烧温度及压力影响的数值模拟研究

考查了两段式多孔介质内预混气燃烧的温度与压力分布情况。建立了甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质内燃烧的二维数学模型,运用FLUENT软件求解瞬态控制方程的方法计算出燃烧稳定后多孔介质内的温度、与压力分布,并考查了不同当量比、多孔介质辐射衰减系数和导热系数对温度和压力分布的影响。结果表明,甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质中燃烧,当量比越大温度峰值越高,压力梯度越大;小孔介质辐射衰减系数的改变对温度分布和压力分布没有明显的影响,而大孔介质辐射衰减系数对温度分布和压力分布有较大的影响;增加多孔介质的导热系数,会使固相与气相温度均有所升高,燃烧区域压力降低。     

多孔介质发动机的双区燃烧模型

多孔介质(PM)发动机是基于多孔介质燃烧技术的新型发动机,能够实现均质和稳定燃烧。在考虑了区间质量分布、壁面传热、区间质量交换等因素的基础上,结合多孔介质换热模型,建立了多孔介质发动机的一种双区模型,对其燃烧过程进行模拟。着重讨论了进气温度和压强、压缩比、过量空气系数等参数对多孔介质发动机性能的影响。计算结果表明多孔介质对混合气的预热作用,促进了液体燃料汽化和燃烧反应发生,多孔介质初始温度对发动机的压燃着火起决定性作用。     

多孔介质发动机工作过程单区模型模拟

采用单区燃烧模型模拟多孔介质（PM）发动机的压缩、燃烧和膨胀过程。以热力学第一定律为基础,引入多孔介质换热模型,建立了多孔介质发动机的能量方程。计算了多种工况参数下PM发动机缸内温度、压强变化规律,分别讨论了压缩比、过量空气系数、多孔介质温度、多孔介质体换热系数等参数对多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的影响。将PM发动机与传统发动机加以比较,结果表明PM使缸内温度和压强的变化趋于平缓,这有利于混合气着火并可降低NO,排放。     

喷射式燃烧器气体流动与燃烧数值模拟

对一国产30kW车用喷射式加热器的燃烧器内气体流动与燃烧进行了数值模拟。由计算分析知．燃烧器导流体切向进气道所进空气射流可加强混合气的混合燃烧,并在导流体底部形成一绕中心轴线的涡流环,因该涡流环中心存在低压,从而可使部分下游燃烧的高温气体在燃烧室尾部缩口的配合下向中上游回流。该回流在燃烧室中下游产生一个绕燃烧室中心轴线的回流环,该回流环既可使高温回流气体维持燃烧器的续燃温度．同时还可加速混合气的燃烧。但从燃烧室的温度场分布图看,其高温区有所偏后,这对燃烧室在不同空燃比下的续燃稳定性不利．且易造成排气温度过高,使热效率下降．因此燃烧室缩口须适当前调．以使回流区前移。     

冷却边界下变孔隙多孔介质燃烧特性研究

针对天然气等高热值气体燃烧氮氧化物排放高和多孔介质烧蚀问题,设计开发了变孔隙多孔介质燃烧试验系统,研究了不同燃烧器内芯结构的孔隙排列方式及冷却空气流量对燃烧温度及污染物排放的影响。结果表明：积木式结构外环孔密度呈阶梯状排列比呈均匀型排列更有利于热量沿燃烧器径向传递;积木式结构的内芯孔密度呈阶梯状排列时,有利于提高燃烧室下游的温度;随着冷却空气流量的增大,冷却空气吸热量所占燃烧放热量的比例由23.62%增至70.87%,尾部烟气带走热量占燃烧放热量比例由71.65%降至21.63%,CO排放升高,NO排放最低降至3mg/m3。     

The influences of thermophysical properties of porous media on superadiabatic combustion with reciprocating flow

The influences of thermophysical properties of porous media on superadiabatic combustion with reciprocating flow is numerically studied in order to improve the understanding of the complex heat transfer and optimum design of the combustor. The heat transfer performance of a porous media combustor strongly depends on the thermophysical properties of the porous material. In order to explore how the material properties influence reciprocating superadiabatic combustion of premixed gases in porous media (short for RSCP), a two‐dimensional mathematical model of a simplified RSCP combustor is developed based on the hypothesis of local thermal non‐equilibrium between the solid and the gas phases by solving separate energy equations for these two phases. The porous media is assumed to emit, absorb, and isotropically scatter radiation. The finite‐volume method is used for computing radiation heat transfer processes. The flow and temperature fields are calculated by solving the mass, moment, gas and solid energy, and species conservation equations with a finite difference/control volume approach. Since the mass fraction conservation equations are stiff, an operator splitting method is used to solve them. The results show that the volumetric convective heat transfer coefficient and extinction coefficient of the porous media obviously affect the temperature distributions of the combustion chamber and burning speed of the gases, but thermal conductivity does not have an obvious effect. It indicates that convective heat transfer and heat radiation are the dominating ways of heat transfer, while heat conduction is a little less important. The specific heat of the porous media also has a remarkable impact on temperature distribution of gases and heat release rate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(5): 336–350, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20120     

生物质热燃气多孔介质直燃机理与脱焦特性研究

为研究含焦油的生物质热燃气在多孔介质中的燃烧机理与焦油燃烧脱除特性,采用固相实体颗粒堆积法模拟多孔介质,通过分析燃烧过程中反应器内温度、热流密度以及反应动力学速率等参数场的分布特征,揭示了当量比对生物质热燃气多孔介质燃烧过程的显著影响作用.研究表明,焦油燃烧脱除过程中直接氧化反应速率高是决定焦油出口浓度小、转化率高的关...     

燃气多射流切圆预混流动特性的数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对所设计的多射流切圆预混多孔介质燃烧器进行流场模拟,主要研究流道结构、预混室的几何结构、空气和燃气速度及压力等因素对空气系数的影响,并重点分析速度、压力流场与湍流动能及湍流动能耗散率的变化分布,确定合理的预混室参数。     

Flame stability and emission characteristics of propane-fueled flat-flame miniature combustor for ultra-micro gas turbines

An engineering model of a propane-fueled miniature combustor was developed for ultra-micro gas turbines. The combustion chamber had a diameter of 20 mm, height of 4 mm, and volume of 1.26 cm³. The flat-flame burning method was applied for lean-premixed propane–air combustion. To create the stagnation flow field for a specific flat-flame formation, a flat plate was set over the porous plate in the combustion chamber. A burning experiment was performed to evaluate the combustion characteristics. The flame stability limit was sufficiently wide to include the design operation conditions of an equivalence ratio of 0.55 and air mass flow rate of 0.15 g/s, and the dominant factors affecting the limit were clarified as the heat loss and velocity balance between the burning velocity and the premixture flow velocity at the porous plate. CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), and NO_x emission characteristics were established based on the burned gas temperatures in the combustion chamber and the temperature distribution in the combustor. At an air mass flow rate of less than 0.10 g/s, CO and THC emissions were more than 1000 ppm due to large heat loss. As the air mass flow rate increased, the heat loss decreased, but CO emissions remained large due to the short residence time in the combustion chamber. NO_x emission depended mainly on the burned gas temperature in the combustion chamber as well as on the residence time. To reduce emissions despite the short residence time, a platinum mesh was placed after the combustion chamber, which drastically decreased the CO emissions. The combustor performance was compared with that of other miniature combustors, and the results verified that the present combustor has suitable combustion characteristics for a UMGT, although the overall combustor size and heat loss need to be reduced.     

有序堆积床内预混气体燃烧特性实验研究

为研究预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器中的火焰燃烧特性,设计了一种新型多孔介质燃烧器,其中多孔介质区域由氧化铝圆柱体有序堆积而成.分别研究了当量比和入口速度对甲烷/空气预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器中的火焰温度分布、火焰最高温度以及火焰传播速度的影响.结果 表明:在当量比0.162～0.324、入口速度0.287～0.860 m/s...     

Increasing the efficiency of radiant burners by using polymer membranes

Gas-fired radiant burners are used to convert fuel chemical energy into radiation energy for various applications. The radiation output of a radiant burner largely depends on the temperature of the combustion flame. In fact, the radiation output and, thus, the radiant efficiency increase to a great extent with flame temperature. Oxygen-enriched combustion can increase the flame temperature without increasing fuel cost. However, it has not been widely applied because of the high cost of oxygen production. In the present work, oxygen-enriched combustion of natural gas in porous radiant burners was studied. The oxygen-enriched air was produced passively, using polymer membranes. The membranes were shown to be an effective means of obtaining an oxygen-enriched environment for gas combustion in the radiant burners. Two different porous radiant burners were used in this study. One is a reticulated ceramic burner and the other is a ceramic fibre burner. The experimental results showed that the radiation output and the radiant efficiency of these burners increased markedly with rising oxygen concentrations in the combustion air. Also investigated were the effects of oxygen enrichment on combustion mode, and flame stability on the porous media.