氨合成塔电加热器热元件的选型设计

氨合成塔电加热器是合成氨生产中的重要设备。电加热器在开车时,为合成塔触媒升温还原提供热源。电子电加热器具有结构简单操作方便等优点,在合成氨生产中得到广泛应用。但电加热器往往因电热元件设计不当,造成能力不能发挥,甚至烧断炉丝.本文就悬挂式电加热器电热元件的设计及安全运行,结合工艺生产情况介绍一种简单而实用的设计方法。     

西气东输天然气管道压缩机组燃料气撬系统改进方法

某压气站“2+1”安全改造工程中,新增压缩机组点火测试运行期间出现了原有燃料气撬电加热器对新增压缩机组燃料气无法加热的问题。本文通过分析燃料气撬电加热器的电气控制逻辑,发现原有电加热器热控制逻辑与新增电加热器控制逻辑不兼容,由此提出一套对原电气控制逻辑的改进方案。     

φ1600mm氨合成塔电加热器技术改造

氨合成塔催化剂升温还原所需的热量由电加热器提供.合成气从二进旁路进入合成塔,入气量太大,则带走电加热器产生的热量太多,温度升不上去,催化剂得不到及时的升温还原,严重影响合成氨生产;进气量太小,可能导致电加热器因过热而烧断,迫使生产系统停车抢修,重新更换电加热器.     

变换升温系统氮气电加热器的选型及应用

1氮气电加热器的选型 1．1电加热器功率计算 某公司系统电加热器设计基础条件：工作压力0．35—1．50MPa（表压）,设计压力2．00MPa（表压）;电加热器进口氮气的温度35～230℃,出口氮气温度200～430℃,出口设计温度450℃;正常气体流量12750m3／h（标态）,最大气体流量15000m3／h（标态）。     

连续重整装置还原氢电加热器跳车原因分析及对策

分析了连续重整装置催化剂再生单元还原氢电加热器频繁跳车的故障,认为还原氢纯度偏低,还原氢中碳四以上组分含量偏高导致电加热器管束结焦是造成超温跳车的原因。建议通过增加还原氢膜分离设施,加强PSA单元检修周期的管理,降低还原氢中轻烃含量,提高还原氢纯度来解决此问题。     

变换触媒采用远红外电加热器的经济效果

化工部化肥工业研究所常压变换操作系统(变换炉为φ2400)采用江苏省扬中县远红外电热电器厂生产的远红外电加热器取代传统的燃烧炉。电加热器简体为φ630×9钢管内装U形电热管18根,共6组,每组3根,每根12千瓦,共216千瓦,实际只需4组,144千瓦,多余两组为备用。使用后一切正常,与燃烧气升温还原比较结果见下表。     

1Mt/a催化重整装置长周期运转过程中出现的问题及对策

阐述了1 Mt/a催化重整装置生产运行情况,对在长周期运转过程中出现的增压机冷却效果差、还原电加热器接地故障、气提塔冲塔等问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的措施.     

φ800氨合成塔升温时电加热器故障运行的探讨

电加热器在氨触媒还原过程中要求安全可靠,否则会导致触媒还原失败,给生产带来不应有的损失。电加热器功率常按经验数值选取,一般中型厂为130～150千瓦/米~3触媒。此外,凡工艺因故系统停车后,开车或作操不正常时,也常常使用电加热器调节进触媒层气体的温度,使触媒层温度达到氨合成反应所需的正常操作值,但这时触媒的升温对电加热器的功率要求比较小,按经验一般约有50％的额定功率就可满足需要。本文主要是探讨氨触媒在升温     

变换触媒升温还原新工艺

一、前言目前,以天然气为原料的小合成氨厂的变换触媒升温、还原仍按原固体原料造气时的工艺进行,即在前一工序正常投产后,再制惰性气体对变换进行排气置换,然后转为连续向变换的燃烧炉供应燃料气(即半水煤气)对触媒进行升温。最近也有使用电加热器用大量电能间接加热半水煤气升温的,总之,都离不开前道工序不停地供给煤气。     

甲胺装置电加热器泄漏的原因及处理

安阳九阳化工有限公司甲胺装置设计有2台功率为1000kW的电加热器,作为系统开车时催化剂升温的热源。使用6个月后,在对电加热器的例行检查过程中,发现电加热器A上部电气接线柱（铜材质）存在轻微的腐蚀,呈蓝色,有胺味。经分析,腐蚀原因是电加热管出现轻微的泄漏,氨、甲胺等物料进入某根电加热管内,电气接线柱被腐蚀。     

电热水器内部结构优化及储能特性研究

将相变储能技术应用于电热水器,并通过添加石墨纳米颗粒改善相变材料的导热特性,对其储能过程进行调节,可以起到"移峰填谷"的作用.建立了四种不同结构的电热水器三维模型,模拟了电热水器内部速度场与温度场分布特性.考察了进出口水管结构、电加热管布置方式、保温层结构等因素对热水器内部流场及传热特性的影响,研究了不同储能层厚度对电...     

提高管式加热炉热效率的途径

探讨影响加热炉热效率的因素,通过降低排烟温度,降低过剩空气系数,减少不完全燃烧损失和散热损失,进行设备改造和使用正确的操作等途径来提高加热炉热效率。     

硝酸尾气加热器泄漏原因分析及改进

从设备结构、工艺指标控制、列管堵塞、工艺操作等方面,分析了神马尼龙化工公司硝酸尾气加热器泄漏的原因,并采取了改进措施:进一步完善结构设计、控制进口尾气温度、规范铂过滤器滤芯管理等;改造措施实施后,延长了硝酸尾气加热器的使用周期,保证了装置的安全稳定运行。     

Analytical study on the optimum design of producing well to increase oil production at severe cold regions

This paper presents a simulation study of fluid flow in the tubing on a reservoir system formed in a severe cold region. The thickness of the permafrost and specific gravity of the oil were applied by field survey. Then, flowing improvement techniques for oil production such as progressive cavity pump (PCP), insulated casing, electric trace heater and gas lifting were applied. For the reservoir located at 1,000 m depth in the Arctic region, the thicker the permafrost layer was, the more the mobility of oil in the tubing declined. By applying the flowing improvement techniques to this reservoir, the effect of the heater increased with the oil containing heavier components, and it was found that the production rate was improved as the heater installation interval became deeper. Despite the gas lifting method showing better productivity compared to other methods, there was an optimal injection rate at which the production rate became maximum. Moreover, it was shown that increasing the temperature of injection gas had little effect on enhancing the oil flow in tubing. Based on these results, flowing improvement techniques were applied to the oil wells in the Ada field. The productivity by PCP of Bashenkol_1X well, which contained comparatively light oil, increased 3.75 times more than natural state. Also, additional installation of insulated casing could yield better production. In the case of Bashenkol_3X in which 19.2° API of heavy oil was reserved, oil production was impossible without flowing improvement methods. This well was able to produce 158 BOPD of oil by installing PCP with insulated casing and additional installation of heater increased production rate to 267 BOPD. Meanwhile, although the gas lifting method can greatly improve productivity, the applicability and cost should be considered prior to its being applied.     

大中型硫酸装置转化升温设备的选择

介绍硫酸生产中常用的三种转化升温方式：烟道气直接升温、燃烧炉配预热器间接升温及电炉升温,论述电炉升温的功率定额选定及影响因素。烟道气直接升温由于会危害催化剂故不提倡使用;电炉升温一次性投资较低、设备及操作简单、热效率高、可调节性强,如果电网供电不存在问题并且运行费用可以接受,建议在大中型硫酸装置中使用。     

气相法聚乙烯装置原料精制单元工程设计浅析

介绍气相法聚乙烯装置原料精制单元设备典型布置方案、再生氮气加热器工程设计要点。     

丙烯酸装置氧化单元空气温度控制系统优化设计

通过控制空气预热器的电加热器组别和空气进预混合器前的温度,使新鲜空气进料温度在催化剂性能允许的操作温度范围内,确保混合气体温度稳定,节约装置蒸汽用量,避免因环境温度变化对装置操作的干扰,提高丙烯转化率。     

沸点测定仪的安全隐患分析及设计改进

对许多高等院校中基础化学实验教科书的物理化学实验部分中《完全互溶双液系的平衡相图的绘制》实验用沸点测定仪的设计安全隐患进行了讨论。一类安全隐患是由于用自制的、不规范的、裸露的电炉丝作加热器,直接浸泡于低闪点的有机溶剂中存在发生燃烧的隐患。另一类是将自耦调压变压器用作上述加热器的供电电源可能由于电源输入端的相线和零线接反、或是由于零线断路而存在触电的隐患。建议了安全的沸点仪的改进设计。     

Development of a catalytic heating system for external combustion engines

A catalytic heater design was proposed for an external combustion engine. This design is based on the partial oxidation or autothermal conversion of hydrocarbon fuel to syngas and its further oxidation with heat generation in a radial catalytic reactor integrated with a tubular heat exchanger. The theoretical analysis of operational regimes for a catalytic heater with a thermal power of 25–50 kW was performed with regard to the distribution of gas and the mathematical modeling of processes in a catalyst bed integrated with a heat exchanger, and some estimates were given for the performance of an external combustion engine. The conditions providing a uniform distribution of gas along the length of a radial reactor with suction of a reaction mixture into the catalyst bed were determined. A design of catalytic heating system elements was developed, and some layout solutions that provide a rational mutual arrangement of system components were created.     

干熄焦余热锅炉一次过热器超温原因分析

针对高温高压干熄焦余热锅炉中一次过热器出口气温偏高的问题,从锅炉循环烟气存在再燃因素等方面,对余热锅炉一次过热器传热系数进行分析。结果表明,运行时的传热系数比设计值高13％左右,在受热面积不变的情况下,造成了一次过热器出口气温过高。